Graduating 4th year radiology residents' perception of optimal imaging modalities for neoplasm and trauma: a pilot study from four U.S. universities

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess 4th year radiology residents' perception of the optimal imaging modality to investigate neoplasm and trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven 4th year radiology residents from four residency programs were surveyed. They were asked about the best imaging modality to evaluate the brain and spine, lungs, abdomen, and the musculoskeletal system. Imaging modalities available were MRI, CT, ultrasound, PET, and X-ray. All findings were compared to the ACR appropriateness criteria. RESULTS: MRI was chosen as the best imaging modality to evaluate brain, spine, abdominal, and musculoskeletal neoplasm in 96.3%, 100%, 70.4%, and 63% of residents, respectively. CT was chosen by 88.9% to evaluate neoplasm of the lung. Optimal imaging modality to evaluate trauma was CT for brain injuries (100%), spine (92.6%), lung (96.3%), abdomen (92.6%), and major musculoskeletal trauma (74.1%); MRI was chosen for sports injury (96.3%). There was agreement with ACR appropriateness criteria. CONCLUSION: Residents' perception of the best imaging modalities for neoplasm and trauma concurred with the appropriateness criteria by the ACR.

Brain metastasis as initial presentation of papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung: case report

The authors describe the case of a 33-year-old patient with history of seizures alone without any previous symptom, being diagnosed with brain metastases from primary papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Emphasis is given to the diagnostic investigation for brain metastasis and prognostic evaluation of papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung, and a brief literature review on such diseases is performed.

Unilateral pulmonary veins atresia: evaluation by computed tomography

Unilateral pulmonary vein atresia is a rare congenital condition. In addition to cardiac malformations or pulmonary hypertension, patients may present with recurrent pulmonary infections or hemoptysis in childhood or adolescence. The authors report a case where the typical findings of such condition were observed at computed tomography in an adult patient.

Cleidocranial dysostosis: a report on two familial cases

Cleidocranial dysostosis is a rare genetic syndrome with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The most common manifestations include clavicular aplasia or hypoplasia, open fontanelles and abnormal dentition. The present report describes two familial cases whose late diagnosis was made by means of clinical and radiographic findings. The treatment was radical, with complete surgical teeth extraction and making of total dental prosthesis.

Measuring school demand in the presence of spatial dependence. A conditional approach

Improving educational quality is an important public policy goal. However, its success requires identifying factors associated with student achievement. At the core of these proposals lies the principle that increased public school quality can make school system more efficient, resulting in correspondingly stronger performance by students. Nevertheless, the public educational system is not devoid of competition which arises, among other factors, through the efficiency of management and the geographical location of schools. Moreover, families in Spain appear to choose a school on the grounds of location. In this environment, the objective of this paper is to analyze whether geographical space has an impact on the relationship between the level of technical quality of public schools (measured by the efficiency score) and the school demand index. To do this, an empirical application is performed on a sample of 1,695 public schools in the region of Catalonia (Spain). This application shows the effects of spatial autocorrelation on the estimation of the parameters and how these problems are addressed through spatial econometrics models. The results confirm that space has a moderating effect on the relationship between efficiency and school demand, although only in urban municipalities.

Aspiration pneumonia in children: an iconographic essay

Abstract In most cases of aspiration pneumonia in children, the disease is specific to this age group. Clinical and radiological correlation is essential for the diagnosis. The present pictorial essay is aimed at showing typical images of the most common etiologies.

Mixed subtype of congenital mesoblastic nephroma with poor evolution: a case report and literature review

Abstract A male child born at 27 weeks, weighting 1305 g and presenting with a right-sided abdominal tumor. Computed tomography scan demonstrated the presence of a solid mass compressing the right kidney. Puncture biopsy revealed congenital mesoblastic nephroma. The patient underwent total right nephroureterectomy, and died on the second day after surgery.

Green tea catechin inhibits fatty acid synthase without stimulating carnitine Palmitoyltransferase-1 or inducing weight loss in experimental animals

Background: The enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) is highly expressed in many human carcinomas and its inhibition is cytotoxic to human cancer cells. The use of FASN inhibitors has been limited until now by anorexia and weight loss, which is associated with the stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. Materials and Methods: The in vitro effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on fatty acid metabolism enzymes, on apoptosis and on cell signalling was evaluated. In vivo, the effect of EGCG on animal body weight was addressed. Results: EGCG inhibited FASN activity, induced apoptosis and caused a marked decrease of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and extracellular (signal)-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 proteins, in breast cancer cells. EGCG did not induce a stimulatory effect on CPT-1 activity in vitro (84% of control), or on animal body weight in vivo (99% of control). Conclusion: EGCG is a FASN inhibitor with anticancer activity which does not exhibit cross-activation of fatty acid oxidation and does not induce weight loss, suggesting its potential use as an anticancer drug.

Cerimonial i prà ctica de govern a la cort dels virreis de Nà pols al segle XVII

[spa]Durante el primer tercio del siglo XVII la corte virreinal de Nápoles alcanzó un alto grado de desarrollo y madurez en su organización y su ceremonial. La prácticamente consecutiva aparición de dos importantes manuales de ceremonias, elaborados por dos ujieres mayores de los virreyes, Miguel Díez de Aux y Jusepe Renao, dan cuenta de la sofisticación ceremonial de que es protagonista una corte como la napolitana en el contexto de la monarquía hispánica de los Austrias. El segundo de estos textos, un elaborado manual de ceremonias compilado por Jusepe Renao, activo entre los años 1622 y 1637, es el punto de partida para una serie de consideraciones en torno al creciente interés por el ceremonial en ese preciso momento histórico.

Concentrar els à pats en 12 hores evita el sobrepès

L'obesitat és un dels principals factors de risc per a moltes patologies, com la diabetis de tipus II, la cirrosi no alcohòlica, les malalties cardiovasculars i diversos tipus de càncer. La major part de tractaments contra l'obesitat i de recomanacions per evitar el sobrepès se centren en la dieta, principalment en la quantitat i el contingut nutricional del menjar, i en el nombre d'àpats diaris. Però l'investigador Satchidananda Panda i els seus col·laboradors, del departament de gastroenterologia de la Universitat de Califòrnia a San Diego (EUA), han identificat un altre factor que és també molt important: el temps que passa entre el primer i l'últim àpat del dia. Segons han publicat a Cell Metabolism, aquest interval no hauria de superar les dotze hores.

Meditar és bo per al cervell

Sovint nosomconscients del plaer d'estar asseguts sense fer res, deixant vagar la ment en l'aquí i l'ara, sigui a laplatja, deixant-nos portar pel so de les onades; a lamuntanya, al costat d'un rierol, o simplementacasa.Nonomés és una experiència relaxant, que ens ajudaaequilibrar els pensaments després d'una jornada de treball i a retrobar-nos; si a més fem atenció als nostres pensaments, a algun objecte externoalanostraconsciència, estarem meditant. Etimològicament, meditació prové del llatí meditatio, que definia un tipus d'exercici intellectual. La utilitzem per descriure lapràctica d'un estat d'atenció concentrada, sigui sobreunobjecte extern, el nostrepensament,osimplement sobreel propi estat de concentració.

En què creu el nostre cervell?

Un dels monuments més vistos pels turistes que van a Barcelona és la Sagrada Família. No és excepció: qualsevol lloc que visitem sens dubte amaga un monument religiós digne de ser vist: el monestir d'El Escorial; el Sagrat Cor de París; els temples hindús d'Ellora; l'estupa budista de Boudhanath a Kàtmandu; el mur de les Lamentacions i la mesquita d'Al-Aqsa a Jerusalem... Per què totes les cultures han tingut i tenen creences religioses, al marge de l'aparent augment de persones que es declaren agnòstiques o atees? És només una construcció cultural o el nostre cervell hi té alguna cosa a veure? I si fos així, tenir creences religioses té algun valor adaptatiu?

Què hereta el cervell

Tots els animals tenen un sistema nerviós que els relaciona amb l'entorn, però el cervell humà no té parió. No només percebem l'entorn i som capaços de veure, per exemple, com surt el sol, sinó que a diferència de tota la resta d'ani- mals som capaços de percebre i gaudir de tota la bellesa d'aquesta explosió de llum i color. Tampoc no som els únics que vivim en societats organitzades, però la complexitat i la varietat de la nostra és infinitament superior. Ens comuni- quem amb els nostres congèneres, com d'una manera o una altra fan tots els mamífers, però el nostre llenguatge és capaç de crear també poesia. I colpegem pedres i pals, com la resta de primats, però les nostres mans, guiades pel cervell, també són capaces de crear obres d'art magnífiques. I raonem, som conscients de la nostra pròpia existència i hem fet florir les cultures més variades. El nostre comportament, i fins i tot la nostra forma de pensar i de percebre el món, vénen determinats per l'activitat del cervell i per anys d'evolució [...]