Correlation between microtensile bond strength data and clinical outcome of Class V restorations.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the results of resin-dentin microtensile bond strength (µTBS) is correlated with the outcome parameters of clinical studies on non-retentive Class V restorations. METHODS: Resin-dentin µTBS data were obtained from one test center; the in vitro tests were all performed by the same operator. The µTBS testing was performed 8h after bonding and after 6 months of storing the specimens in water. Pre-test failures (PTFs) of specimens were included in the analysis, attributing them a value of 1MPa. Prospective clinical studies on cervical restorations (Class V) with an observation period of at least 18 months were searched in the literature. The clinical outcome variables were retention loss, marginal discoloration and marginal integrity. Furthermore, an index was formulated to be better able to compare the laboratory and clinical results. Estimates of adhesive effects in a linear mixed model were used to summarize the clinical performance of each adhesive between 12 and 36 months. Spearman correlations between these clinical performances and the µTBS values were calculated subsequently. RESULTS: Thirty-six clinical studies with 15 adhesive/restorative systems for which µTBS data were also available were included in the statistical analysis. In general 3-step and 2-step etch-and-rinse systems showed higher bond strength values than the 2-step/3-step self-etching systems, which, however, produced higher values than the 1-step self-etching and the resin modified glass ionomer systems. Prolonged water storage of specimens resulted in a significant decrease of the mean bond strength values in 5 adhesive systems (Wilcoxon, p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between µTBS values both after 8h and 6 months of storage and marginal discoloration (r=0.54 and r=0.67, respectively). However, the same correlation was not found between µTBS values and the retention rate, clinical index or marginal integrity. SIGNIFICANCE: As µTBS data of adhesive systems, especially after water storage for 6 months, showed a good correlation with marginal discoloration in short-term clinical Class V restorations, longitudinal clinical trials should explore whether early marginal staining is predictive for future retention loss in non-carious cervical restorations.

Método para estimar o tamanho amostral em análises de medidas repetidas

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar um método para estimar o número de indivíduos (n) a ser utilizado em experimentos que envolvam análises multivariadas de medidas repetidas no tempo, avaliadas sobre a mesma unidade experimental. O método foi testado com dados de produção de leite com 10 controles mensais (t = 1, 2, ... , 10) ou condições de avaliação de vacas da raça Holandesa. As estimativas de n foram obtidas por meio de um programa desenvolvido no Statistical Analysis System (SAS), considerando distribuição normal t variada, vetor de média zero e matriz de covariância sigma, estatística T² de Hotelling e distribuição F com parâmetro de não-centralidade delta²delta. A ligação dos dados observados com o método é feita por meio da matriz de variância-covariância. Para t > 2 condições de avaliação, o método estima o valor de n que permite detectar diferença mínima significativa (delta) entre médias de condições de avaliação, considerando diferentes níveis de erros do tipo I (alfa), poder do teste F (1-beta) e delta. Para as 10 condições de avaliação consideradas, as estimativas de n variaram de 11 a 89, sendo mais influenciadas por variações na delta, seguidas de alfa e beta.

Social reciprocity measures based on dyadic discrepancies: Methodological review and software development

This paper examines statistical analysis of social reciprocity at group, dyadic, and individual levels. Given that testing statistical hypotheses regarding social reciprocity can be also of interest, a statistical procedure based on Monte Carlo sampling has been developed and implemented in R in order to allow social researchers to describe groups and make statistical decisions.