Avaliação da tenacidade à fratura em juntas soldadas circunferenciais de tubulações de processo

This work aims to analyze the toughness of a welded joint in the presence of a crack through the analysis of maximum tension the material can withstand the presence of this type of defect, since a discontinuity is likely to occur in this type of joint and its detection and its design is simple, using non-destructive testing techniques. The study will be conducted through the CTOD test - Crack-Tip Opening Displacement, with type specimens SE (B) - Single Edge Bend taken from a weld in the L-C position in relation to the length (longitudinal axis) of a test tube. The main idea is to simulate the welding conditions for the manufacture of industrial pipes, made in boiler shops (pipe-shop) within petrochemical plants. These pipes are often subject to operation with flammable and toxic subjected to high pressures and temperatures, where one can break the line can cause irreparable damage to the plant, the environment and the health of surrounding communities. With this study we evaluate whether the weld metal has the same properties as fracture toughness of the base material. This study shows the importance of using a qualified welding procedure for performing quality welds while maintaining the properties of the fracture toughness of the base metal. It was found from the results of tests using a welding procedure described for carrying out welding ensures mechanical properties very close to the base metal, which in terms of design is great, since one can ensure that the weld will the same characteristics of the base metal specified for the assembly of the pipe

Caracterização metamórfica do Greenstone Belt de Guarinos - GO

The study area comprises Guarinos Greenstone Belt which is located in the centralwest state of Goias and has an approximate size of 280 km2. The present work has as main objective to characterize the metamorphism of the greenstone belt and the relationship between the tectonic events and the metamorphism. For the execution of the work we used data collected in the course Geological Mapping of Crystalline Area of the geology course of UNESP, classes 2009 and 2010, the data collected by Alex Choupina Joaquim Andrade Silva in his master's thesis and the information collected in field in the study area. This compilation of data allows approximately 200 thin sections have been evaluated and allowed the construction of the metamorphic map in scale 1:125.000, also allowed the preparation of the geological map in scale 1:125.000 greestone belt, based on 1:25.000 scale maps performed by students of UNESP and the mapping conducted by Silva (2011). The study area was divided into two tectonic compartments depending on the Shear Zone Engenho Velho that longitudinally crosses study area, with direction approximately NW-SE. The west compartment is bordered by granite-gneiss complex and the east compartment, seems thicker to the south and narrows gradually towards the north and its structure is seen in general as a great monoclinal with NW-SE direction with trim to SW, this way your stack was considered as a package of rocks at the base and metaultramafic metamafic the top, with a second package in tectonic contact, which is composed of detrital and chemical metasedimentary rocks. The east compartment is represented by the intrusion of a large granitic body surrounded by amphibolites and metasediments, is bounded on the east by a granite-gneiss complexes through thrust fault, and is bounded on the west by the other compartment. The structure of the compartment is seen as a major axis oriented roughly... (Completo abstract click electronic access below)

Análise de dados pedogeoquímicos de multielementos visando o refinamento de mapeamento geológico de detalhe em alvos de Pb-Zn nos municípios de Adrianópolis, Cerro Azul e Tunas do Paraná (Vale do Ribeira, PR)

In order to to research, the region of Perau, base metal mineralization, Grupo Votorantim Metals conducted a soil sampling on targets predetermined holding its chemical analysis. These reviews have been provided by the company for this work was to evaluate the potential use of these data pedogeochemical multi-element for refinement of the work of geological mapping. We selected six targets: Varginha, Salvador, Guararema Taquara Lisa and Coffin of Mendes, in the municipalities of Adrianople, Cerro Azul and Tunas do Paraná, located in Vale do Ribeira (PR). Both have about 10 km2 and situated in the geological context of the Fold Belt Terrane and the Massif de Joinville. The main rock types are present metasedimentary rocks of low to medium grade metamorphic, interspersed the amphibolites ortoderivados, both belonging to the Complex Perau, gneisses and migmatitic Complex. Applied to the geochemical data descriptive statistical techniques (variogram, kriging and histogram). From the correlation between the distributions of elements with the geological data, we could assess the potential of the proposed methodology.

Uso do modelo de simulação 'ABC 6' para avaliação de áreas sujeitas à ocorrência de ondas de cheia e corridas de massa/detritos: estudo de caso na bacia do Ribeirão da Prata (SP)

Pipelines are linear engineering works, designed mostly for transporting oil and its derivatives for long distances, furnishing even the farthermost zones of the country. Due to oil sector needs to ensure for the safety and conservation of its properties, several geotechnical studies are being held at the pipelines field, in order to preserve this important transportation, and also to prevent accidents, which might seriously compromise the environment and the population who lives around it. The OSBRA pipeline, who connects the city of Paulínia to the capital Brasília, is one of these engineering works that deserves to be pointed out. This research, performed at the Ribeirão da Prata Basin, was a pilot study conducted with the main objective of testing the current methodology efficiency, for future applications in the closest watersheds to the OSBRA pipeline. The objective of this research is to analyze flood wave and debris flow processes in a non-fictional watershed, by comparing two different kinds of methods: the first one based on simulation models (software ‘ABC 6’), and the other one by flood wave and debris flow susceptibility mapping. The results from the hydrological modeling were both hydrographs and ietographs that estimated values of outputs and infiltration. To construct the susceptibility maps were necessary three other maps: ground use and occupation maps, divided according to the different protection degrees that were offered to the ground; maps of dam locations in the area and physiographic compartimentation maps, divided according to the local geology. To complete the methodology, the results were collected from both methods for comparison. The obtained product for this methodology was series of data whose different susceptibility degrees to flood wave and debris flow could define the safest route for a pipeline crossing in this watershed...

Estudo do método Monte Carlo e sua aplicação no modelo SIR

In this work we present a discussion and the results of the simulation of disease spread using the Monte Carlo method. The dissemination model is the SIR model and presents as main characteristic the disease evolution among individuals of the population subdivided into three groups: susceptible (S), infected (I) and recovered (R). The technique used is based on the introduction of transition probabilities S-> I and I->R to do the spread of the disease, they are governed by a Poisson distribution. The simulation of the spread of disease was based on the randomness introduced, taking into account two basic parameters of the model, the power of infection and average time of the disease. Considering appropriate values of these parameters, the results are presented graphically and analysis of these results gives information on a group of individuals react to the changes of these parameters and what are the chances of a disease becoming a pandemic

Fácies, diagênese e arquitetura estratigráfica de reservatórios deltaico-lacustres da fase rifte (formação pendência), campo Serraria da Bacia Potiguar

Of the four lacustrine deltaic models, which were found in the Pendência formation, two are represented in the Serraria field. Respectively the deltaic models 1 and 3 shows the reservoir zones A and B. The Zone A is divided into six sub-areas. Each is representing a smaller cycle of development of sigmoidal lobes of deltaic front. Zone B produces in reservoirs of Model 3, or so called Full delta. The Zone B is formed by overlapping the deltaic plain system over the deltaic/prodeltaic front (model 1). This work uses the method of zooming with the aim to contextualize the geometric aspects of the sand bodies, highlighting the analysis of facies and diagenesis with help of pictures and testimonies of thin sections. The sigmoidal lobes of Zone A are fine to very fine sandstones, well sorted, with a arcosian composition.;practically with a weak compaction and cementation of a kind of film of clay (if very fine) and overgrowth feldspar (fine texture). This silicate phases are succeeded by cementation of poiquilotópica calcite, and after this a stage of dissolution, containing only regular permoporosity for this reservoir. Zone B has a combination of two types of deltaic plain reservoir. One is the rarest of distributary channel and the other the most common of lobes of crevasse. In the channel coarse to medium-grained and poor to moderate sorted sandstones are formed (tuning up), and with a lytic arcosiana nature. Rarely there are cements, including growth of feldspar and rhombohedral dolomite, which prevent a high permoporosity of the reservoir. In the crevasse lobes, the sandstones are laminated, fine and well sorted, arkosic, rarely with overgrowth feldspar and calcite poiquilotópica, and with a good intergranular permoporosity

Caracterização geológica da terminação norte do Domo de Ambrósio - Bahia

The Ambrósio dome is a granodioritic batholiths of elliptical geometry, 40km length in the N-S direction and variable width of up to 8 km, has a weakly deformed nucleus with intensely deformed margins, in its northern portion is intruded in orthogneiss that belong to the Archean basement, and its southern part comes in direct contact with the volcano-sedimentary sequence of Paleoproterozoic Rio Itapicuru Greenstone Belt (RIGB), Bahia. From geological mapping on 1:25:000 scale were recognized two structural domains, termed West Domain and East Domain. From investigation of these domains was identified a major shear zone, which puts in contact two distinct stratigraphic sequences, one west, consisting primarily of metavulcanic and metapyroclastic rocks with records of low-grade regional metamorphism, and east discontinuity a metassedimentary domain, with record of gradational contact metamorphism, deformation and compression generated from the rise of Ambrosio Pluton. Such records put into question the structural and stratigraphic models in the literature so far

Estudo dos parâmetros físicos na fluidização em um leito gás sólido

Through measurements of basic parameters for determining the fluidization regime, as particle size, minimum fluidization velocity, bed porosity, etc., This paper analyze the mass distribution of the phases of the bed to be discussed in relation to: the flow gas physical properties of the solid particles and the forces acting on the solid particles circulating within the bed, as the weight force, buoyancy and drag forces (Stokes' Law). Due to the weight force is constant, open up the discussion about which of the other two forces, buoyancy and drag force, influencing the behavior of the bed. We used the photographic method to realize the statistical analyzes. Therefore, we can conclude what changes can be made more convenient in fluidizing the bed to obtain the highest efficiency for a good mixing used in industrial processes

Estudo da inflexão da Serra do Garrote e sua influência na zona de falha de Vazante (MG)

The Vazante Fault Zone (VFZ), located northwestward of Minas Gerais, host the largest zinc deposit known in the Brazilian territory. This structure is hosted in Vazante’s Group rocks, a metassedimentary sequence of marine environment. Near Vazante is situated the south end of the VFZ. To the west, occur the Serra do Garrote inflexion, characterized by a curvature in the contact of Formations Serra do Garrote and Serra do Poço Verde. This structure is through the analysis of aerial imagery of the region and represented in the published geological maps. The objective of this work is to understand what causes this inflexion and determine whether it affects the VZF, causing a shift in the same, and possibly, in the mineralization as well. To this end, it was done a mapping work in the region covering the Serra do Garrote inflexion and the south end of the VFZ, in 1:25.000 scale, supplemented by petrographic description of thin section and geologic sections, with cooperated to the understanding of the structural evolution of the region. Data analysis allowed the identification of six deformation phases. The D1 an D2 phases generated the main foliation. The D3 phase generate kink bands folds, with NS axis and vertical axial plane. The fourth phase is responsible for generating the Vazante Fault Zone. The fifth phase produces low angle folds and shear zones, subparallel to S1//S2. The last phase generates folds with NW axis and vertical axial plane, with causes the inflection of lithologic contactas. Field observations also make possible the conclusion that the Vazante Fault Zone presents a south continuation, which is affected by deformation associated to D6 phase attributing to the trace of the VFZ a curved geometry, similar to that exhibited by lithologic contacts between units of the map

Caracterização petrográfica das zonas de alteração hidrotermais no alvo Arex, do depósito polimetálico de Aripuanã, MT

The Roosevelt-Domain Aripuanã that by Filho et al 2004 is characterized by a metavolcanic sedimentary sequence, containing acidic to interemediary metavolcanic rocks and clastic and chemical sediments, deformed and metamorphosed at low grade, with U-Pb age of 1.743 +- 4 Ma, (by Granito Zé do Torno), and circumscribed bodies of granites late to post-orogenic (Aripuanã)...

Simulação numérica de fluxo de águas subterrâneas na fazenda Cara Preta - Santa Rita do Passa Quatro - SP

The term model refers to any representation of a real system. The use of models in Hydrogeology can be valuable predictive tools for management of groundwater resources. The numeric models of groundwater flow, object of this study, consist on a set of differential equations that describe the water flow in the porous medium. In this context, numeric simulations were made for a sub-basin located at Cara Preta farm – Santa Rita do Passa Quatro – SP. The aquifer at the local is composed by rocks of Pirambóia Formation, which is part of Guarani Aquifer System. It was developed a conceptual model from previous studies in the area, and from that, simulations were made through the software Visual Modflow®. The conceptual model established previously was considered consistent through the results of simulation.

Avaliação das taxas de erosão química e física na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Jacutinga (SP)

Currently with the growing technological advancement and global, new areas are being devastated, and as a result, the erosion became more frequent causing loss of soil, infiltration capacity of the surface and weathering of rocks. In this way, environmental studies are increasingly frequent to understand the environment in which we live, but also to avoid any degradation of the same and of finite natural resources, which are essential for human life. From this, this work has as main goal, analyzing the rates of chemical and mechanical erosive watershed of Ribeirão Jacutinga, at its mouth, in the city of Rio Claro, supporting environmental studies and sustainable development today. Order to reach these values were measured and total dissolved solids in suspension in the stream during the months from January to July 2012. As results included higher rates of both physical and chemical weathering in the rainy months, especially january

Comportamento fractal de superfície da zona de estiramento em aço 300M temperado

Fracture surfaces are the fracture process marks, taht it is characterized by energy release guieded by failure mode. The fracture toughness express this energy em stress and strain terms in pre-cracked samples. The strectch zone is the characteristic region forms by the transition of fatigue fracture and final fracture and it width demonstrate the relation with failure energy release.The quantitative fractography is a broadly tool uses in failure surfaces characterization that it can point to a material’s aspect or a fracture process. The image processing works like an investigation tool, guinding a lot of studies in this area. In order to evaluate the characterization effectivity and it respectivity studies, it used 300M steel that it was thermal treated by an aeronautical process known and it characterized by tensile test and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The tensile test of this material, made by ASTM E8, allowed the head treatment effectivity confirmation, beyond of mechanics porperties determination. The EDS confirmed the material composition, beyond of base the discussion about fracture mechanism presence. The fracture toughness test has also made, that it works to obtain the fracture surfeaces studies below self-similarity and self-affinity approaches. In front of all the exposed it was possible to conclude that the fractal dimension works like a study parameter of fracture process, allowinf the relation of their values with changes in thickness, which interferes directly in material’s behaviour in fracture toughness approach

Comparação de métodos de dimensionamento de muros em solo reforçado através de programas computacionais

Dans ces dernières années, plusieurs méthodes de dimensionnement d'ouvrages de soutènement en sol renforcé ont été développés, mais la doute c’est où l'utilisation de chacun d'eux se révèle plus avantageux? Ce travail a été conçu avec l'objectif de faire une étude d’un cas historiques d'un mur en remblais renforcé avec parement végétal de 27,6 mètres de haut, dont la conception a été analysé en utilisant une méthode de calcul et des logiciels informatiques spécifiques à l’utilisation dans le domaine géotechnique. Avec cette étudesont attendus de résultats capable de présenter les principales caractéristiques de chaque méthode et où il peut le mieux être appliquée

Geologia do platô N6 - província mineral de Carajás (SP)

The N6 Plateau presents an iron-ore occurence in Carajás Mineral Province, standing near to actually operating deposits. Geological mapping in 1:10,000 scale and integration of geochemical, geophysical, petrography and drilling turns possible interpretation of his geological evolution. The mapped area has lithotypes from Archean Grão Pará Group, comprising very lowgrade metamorphic basic rocks and iron formation and an Proterozoic sedimentary association of conglomeratic sandstones called as Caninana Unity. The structural geology in given by a regional scale homoclinal, where the Grão Pará Group strata dips towards SW, as a part of the Northern Limb of the Carajás Fold. Subsequent deformation associated to the installation of the Carajás Shear Zone presents as E-W fold axis. Geochemical evidence permits to consider de Parauapebas Formation as the rocks which has been hydrothermally-altered to outsourcing fluids responsible to deposition of iron formations in the oceanic system, including different signatures which can be interpreted as possible sub-embayments in the Carajás Basin. The iron ore in the area occurs in subsurface as very fine friable hematite generated by supergenous enrichment of the iron formation. The conceived geologic model differs from the current academic proposal on the fact that hydrothermal alteration has been involved on the jaspelite enrichment. Metamorphism on the Parauapebas Formation presents paragenesis considered as ocean-floor metamorphism which precedes de deformation insofar as the rocks show no tectonic fabric referring to shallow crust evolution. Geophysical methods such as magnetometry and gravimetry presents excellent results for structural interpretation in uneven exposed terrain