A posse de bens públicos: revisão crítica da jurisprudência do Superior Tribunal de Justiça

A posse é, sem dúvidas, um dos temas mais complexos situados dentro do Direito das Coisas. Dentre as inúmeras matérias que dizem respeito ao regime jurídico da posse, o debate sobre quais bens podem ser possuídos é acirrado tendo em vista, especialmente, a carência de alguma referência legislativa positivada sobre o tema. Historicamente se construiu na doutrina e na jurisprudência a noção de que os bens públicos não são passíveis de posse por particulares, salvo se houver autorização da administração pública para tanto. Durante a vigência do Código Civil Brasileiro de 1916, algumas referências legislativas indiretas permitiram à maior parte da doutrina argumentar pela impossibilidade de reconhecimento da posse de bens públicos, muito embora houvesse quem sustentasse o exato oposto. O atual Código Civil Brasileiro de 2002 não repetiu as referências indiretas constantes do texto do código anterior, e, junto com a legislação esparsa, criou um sistema de proteção possessória próprio, favorável ao possuidor, em conformidade com uma política pública desenvolvimentista através do incentivo ao aproveitamento econômico pleno do direito de propriedade. Somado a isto, foram promulgadas leis que abordam de maneira diferente o reconhecimento da posse de bens públicos, dando ensejo a uma reconstrução dos entendimentos pretéritos. Mesmo com a reforma legislativa, doutrina e jurisprudência pátrias continuam a sustentar que bens públicos não são passíveis de posse por particulares. O Superior Tribunal de Justiça do Brasil possui entendimento pacífico de que não se pode reconhecer a posse de bens públicos, mas tão somente a detenção, independentemente de qualquer verificação fática. Cumpre a sugestão de uma reflexão mais profunda acerca do tema, tendo em vista as relevantes alterações legislativas ocorridas no Brasil. Neste trabalho, propõe-se uma reflexão crítica sobre os argumentos encontrados nos tribunais e na doutrina para sustentar a inviabilidade da posse de bens públicos.

O discurso dos tuiteiros: uma análise crítica da construção identitária coletiva e do empoderamento cidadão

Los cambios sociales y culturales que caracterizan el mundo contemporáneo sorprendieron estudiosos de todas las áreas. Los avances tecnológicos principalmente en el área de transmisión de informaciones revolucionaron las nociones de tiempo y espacio. Nuevos medios de comunicación, favorecidos principalmente por la llegada de Internet, abrieron espacios de expresión para ciudadanos deseosos de ser oídos. Aún coexistiendo con los medios de comunicación tradicionales, los nuevos espacios representan una oportunidad de libertad de expresión, de interacción sin mediaciones y de construcción de contenidos independientes. Movimientos sociales se organizan a través de estos nuevos medios de comunicación y desarrollan un activismo que comienza en forma virtual y se extiende a movilizaciones presenciales. Castells (2009) llama de auto comunicación de masas a ese proceso de producir y difundir informaciones que antes era propiedad exclusiva de los medios de comunicación tradicionales. Natal, fue escenario de la gestación y articulación virtual de un movimiento denominado Fora Micarla cuyo objetivo ha sido lograr el impeachment de la alcaldesa de la ciudad, Micarla de Souza. Aunque el objetivo principal no fue alcanzado, el movimiento formó parte de los procesos de cambio social que llevaron los ciudadanos al ciberactivismo. El Fora Micarla se constituye también como un cambio social en sí mismo al colaborar en la consolidación de la identidad colectiva de un grupo de jóvenes universitarios en busca de justicia social. El Twitter fue el principal canal de expresión del grupo y responsable por la rápida expansión de las movilizaciones. El Abordaje Sociológico y Comunicacional del Discurso (ASCD) ha aportado el marco teórico de referencia utilizado en esta investigación. La Comunicación para el Cambio Social (GUMUCIO, 2008) y la Sociología Aplicada al Cambio Social (SACO, 2006) así como los estudios del sujeto y de las identidades (BAJOIT, 2006) forman la base de la ASCD para un estudio más completo de las prácticas discursivas. Considerando que el objeto de estudio son las manifestaciones discursivas de los usuarios simpatizantes del Movimiento Fora Micarla , y que la ASCD es un brazo del Análisis Crítico del Discurso, se hace necesario un análisis lingüístico de los textos. La Gramática Sistémica Funcional, a través del Sistema de Evaluación desarrollado por Martin and White (2004), ofrece los recursos para evaluar las manifestaciones por medio de tuítes de los integrantes del movimiento. La representación de los actores sociales (VAN LEUWEEN, 1998) complementa el análisis discursivo crítico de la ASCD. El empoderamiento ciudadano se materializa por medio de los cambios conquistados a través de los nuevos medios

Os rostos da pobreza brasileira: análise crítica dos discursos do governo federal, da Veja e da Cufa

Brazilian constitution says that all Brazilians have basic survival rights such as education, sanitation and food, but these basic rights are luxury for some. So, thinking about this, this paper aims to develop a critical analysis about the (re)production of the discourse on poverty, and consequently on the poor, given by the federal government, through the official website of the program Brazil Without Poverty (Brasil Sem Pobreza), the media, represented by Veja magazine, and by those who affirm to be representatives of the poor; like the Single Central Slums (Central Única das Favelas CUFA). Our aim is to present a critical reflection on the discourses about the poverty in the voices of the government, Veja magazine (media representative) and CUFA (poor representative) and their contribution to the development of the meanings of the theme in Brazilian society. In order to do so, we have identified categories based upon Bajoit (2006a) to classify which the author calls faces of poverty . We have used the Sociological and Communicational Discourse Approach (ASCD) as developed by Pedrosa (2012a, 2012b, 2012c), within the Critical Discourse Analysis as theoretical apparatus, and also the studies in which the ASCD is built upon such as Sociology for Social Change (BAJOIT, 2006), the Cultural Studies (HALL, 2005), and the Functional Systemic Linguistic, especially the Evaluating System (MARTHIN & WHITE, 2005, VIAN JR et al, 2011). Thus, the discourse on poverty or on fighting poverty, extracted from news, chronicles and other genres of the mentioned vehicles, are taken as object of study to understand identities that are created and renewed on poverty and on the Brazilian poor, as their dependence on the government and civil society, their exploitation by the economy, and even the media that sometimes features them as delinquent

Entre a fé, a obra social e a publicidade: uma análise crítica do discurso da responsabilidade social da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus

Situated on Applied Linguistics (PENNYCOOK, 1998; MOITA LOPES, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2009), this thesis, which is inscribed in a qualitative-interpretative approach of a critical analysis perspective , lies on the speech of social responsibility and the way like that is employed in seeking for legitimacy and prestige within the neopentecostal brazilian religious field, more specifically of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. The general goal of this research is t reflect upon the speech on social responsibility and the rethoric of selfpromotion of the Universal Church through the role of social actors in the making of his her identities, materialized in the newspaper Folha Universal. In order to achieve that, we have conjugated, in this research, social and discursive analysis. On the linguistic-discursive approach, the research is based on the Critical Analysis of Discourse (ACD), specially in Fairclough (2001, 2003, 2006), a proposal that provides theoretical-methodological tools to investigate the language beyond the linguistic structures , that is, the discourse, social practices in which it occurs and more ample structures. Theoretical assumptions were also used of Sistemico-Functional Linguistics(LSF), matching with categories of the Transitivity System of Halliday (1994, 2004), of the forms of representation of social actors in the socioeconomic perspective by Van Leeuwen (1997, 2008) and of the Appraisal system by Martin and White (2005). As we develop the argumentation on thesobre social role of religion in this thesis, we make use of the authors such as Freston (1994), Oro (1997, 2003), Campos (1996, 1999), Mariano (1999), Meneses (2008), among several ones. We have also used a series of concepts and categories coming from the field of communication and marketing on the business social responsability and social marketing . In this area, we take as references the contributions of Bueno (2003), Fossá and Sartoretto (2003) and Zenone (2006). The corpus of the work is framed by news taken at the newspaper Folha Universal, in which are given the social responsibility actions of the church . The timeframe used was on the editions of 2010 thru 2012. Results found at he analysis of the News lead to semantic features of Assessment of Affection, Judgment and Appreciation, many times followed by Gradation, and the Attribution, one of the subsystems of the Attachment, are evidence of positive assessments for the Universal Church and its agents and make up rethorical elements which provide structure for the discourse of the Universal Church at the newspaper Folha Universal consisted of its image (style) of social responsibility . Results show that the most frequente social actors of the discourse are, on one hand, the Universal Church itself and its volunteers, famous (actors, actresses, presenters), politicians and authorities, on the other hand, the population which was helped by the Church social projects . The first group seems to be Always activated, however the second one, most of the time rather passive. These are also represented by assimilation in most of the occurrences, however the other ones by individualization and nomination entitled by honorification, except for the volunteers that are represented either as an individual, or as a group

O A.B.C. de Lima Barreto (1916-1922)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Raça e educação na América Latina: um estudo comparado do pensamento de José Veríssimo (Brasil/1857-1916) e José Ingenieros (Argentina/1877-1925)

O presente estudo teve como objeto de pesquisa o pensamento de José Veríssimo (Brasil) e José Ingenieros (Argentina) sobre raça e educação. Trata-se de uma proposta circunscrita num estudo comparado deste pensamento entre esses dois intelectuais. Problematizou-se como questão central: de que forma o pensamento de José Veríssimo e José Ingenieros articula a relação entre raça e educação na América Latina do final século XIX e início do século XX? Como objetivo geral, desejou-se analisar, por meio de um estudo comparado, o pensamento de José Veríssimo e de José Ingenieros sobre educação, dando destaque às interações destes com o conceito de raça na América Latina do século XIX. Como objetivos específicos, pretende-se: 1) destacar o contexto histórico do pensamento educacional de José Veríssimo e José Ingenieros; 2) identificar nas obras destes autores as relações entre raça e educação, assim como correlacionar o pensamento de José Veríssimo e de José Ingenieros sobre raça e educação com a história do pensamento intelectual latino-americano. Metodologicamente, inscreve-se o estudo no campo da História Intelectual e da História Cultural. O corpus da pesquisa está composto de duas obras de cada autor. De José Veríssimo, trabalhou-se com As Populações indígenas e mestiças da Amazônia: sua linguagem, suas crenças e seus costumes (1887) e Educação nacional (1906). De José Ingenieros, cotejou-se El hombre medíocre (1913) e Las fuerças morales (obra póstuma). Os resultados do estudo indicam que o modo como as teorias da raça chegam a América Latina são fundamentais para a compreensão do pensamneto dos autores. Nesse sentido, foi preciso realizar uma breve reflexão sobre as discussões teóricas que o tema raça suscitou na América Latina do século XIX, já que tanto José Veríssimo quanto José Ingenieiros nasceram e viveram parte de suas vidas nesse período. O primeiro nasceu no extremo norte do Brasil, no Estado do Pará, e viveu entre 1857 e 1916. Dedicou-se ao estudo da Crítica Literária e refletiu sobre a educação, colocando-a como instrumental necessário para a elevação da população mestiça do país à condição de civilizada. O segundo nasceu em Palermo, na Itália, mas migrou para a Argentina ainda criança, tornando-se cidadão argentino. Dedicou-se ao estudo da Psiquiatria, mas enveredouse, em particular, pela área da Antropologia Criminológica. Ao discutir as perturbações mentais dos indivíduos na sociedade argentina, José Ingenieros se reporta à colonização e às condições materiais dos sujeitos. Para ele, no final do século XIX as raças inferiores continuavam a representar um entrave para o desenvolvimento da Argentina. À princípio, identifica-se que o homem medíocre de Ingenieiros muito se assemelha ao homem indolente de Veríssimo. Ambos os estados – medíocre e indolente – representavam, para estes intelectuais, um estado atrasado que não se via mais presente no homem civilizado. Desse modo, defendem condições externas objetivas diferentes para que, tanto na Argentina quanto no Brasil, as mudanças internas determinadas pela raça, que resultaram no homem medíocre e indolente, fossem superadas. Dentre essas condições externas, a educação desponta como elemento necessário para a superação da indolência e da mediocridade.

The NINJA-2 project: detecting and characterizing gravitational waveforms modelled using numerical binary black hole simulations

The Numerical INJection Analysis (NINJA) project is a collaborative effort between members of the numerical relativity and gravitational-wave (GW) astrophysics communities. The purpose of NINJA is to study the ability to detect GWs emitted from merging binary black holes (BBH) and recover their parameters with next-generation GW observatories. We report here on the results of the second NINJA project, NINJA-2, which employs 60 complete BBH hybrid waveforms consisting of a numerical portion modelling the late inspiral, merger, and ringdown stitched to a post-Newtonian portion modelling the early inspiral. In a 'blind injection challenge' similar to that conducted in recent Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo science runs, we added seven hybrid waveforms to two months of data recoloured to predictions of Advanced LIGO (aLIGO) and Advanced Virgo (AdV) sensitivity curves during their first observing runs. The resulting data was analysed by GW detection algorithms and 6 of the waveforms were recovered with false alarm rates smaller than 1 in a thousand years. Parameter-estimation algorithms were run on each of these waveforms to explore the ability to constrain the masses, component angular momenta and sky position of these waveforms. We find that the strong degeneracy between the mass ratio and the BHs' angular momenta will make it difficult to precisely estimate these parameters with aLIGO and AdV. We also perform a large-scale Monte Carlo study to assess the ability to recover each of the 60 hybrid waveforms with early aLIGO and AdV sensitivity curves. Our results predict that early aLIGO and AdV will have a volume-weighted average sensitive distance of 300 Mpc (1 Gpc) for 10M circle dot + 10M circle dot (50M circle dot + 50M circle dot) BBH coalescences. We demonstrate that neglecting the component angular momenta in the waveform models used in matched-filtering will result in a reduction in sensitivity for systems with large component angular momenta. This reduction is estimated to be up to similar to 15% for 50M circle dot + 50M circle dot BBH coalescences with almost maximal angular momenta aligned with the orbit when using early aLIGO and AdV sensitivity curves.

A ideologia dos filmes utilizados na educação infantil: uma análise a partir da teoria crítica

This work has as purpose to show what are the influences of media in the education and in the shaping the thinking and understand that ideologies are present in the films used in the classroom in kindergarten. For this, I directed the discussion beginning by concepts as Ideology and its more different definitions by several thinkers over the years, the thinkers of Critical Theory of Frankfurt School, called “frankfurtians” of first and second generation of this school, also making an association between Cinema and Education, evidencing concepts involving this association as Cultural Industry, using films properly in classrooms in kindergarten, with the teacher as mediator and then discussed what amounts of movies on children's education, how they assist and deepen the knowledge developed by students in schools of infantile education. Additionally, they are exposed the different opinions about the subject Film and Education for students from kindergarten, what benefits and what disadvantages in the use of films, the different opinions on the subject. We also discuss, in this work, the ideologies present in three films produced by Walt Disney, they are Cinderella, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Alice in Wonderland, relating them to how they can contribute to the development and learning students in kindergarten. I associated more as possible the previous discussions to analyze the ideologies present in these films, by summarizing these, and decomposing them through an analysis tool called frame. Finally, I completed everything that was discussed and analyzed, which students in kindergarten may develop with the use of films in schools, what they contribute, in some way, for the learning and education of students as viewers using the school as access to different cultures and the teacher as a mediator of this relationship

Leitura crítica da produção literária de Alfonsina Storni

This paper presents the trajectory traced by the Literary Criticism on the poetry of Alfonsina Storni, an Argentine writer of the early twentieth century. The first literary production of Alfonsina Storni, called modernist or tardorromántica (SARLO, 1988), is produced in the period 1916-1925; from Ocre (1926), she marks a break, confirmed in their last two books of poetry, Mundo de siete Pozos (1935) and Mascarilla y Trébol (1938), with the label of vanguardism and new aesthetic experiences such as antisoneto. Regarding the Criticism built over the poetic work of Alfonsina Storni by his contemporaries, we have three positions of reading: approaches biographical criticism and proposals for readings of critics and poets linked to Vanguard Argentina and made some critical texts by women from the middle academic. According to Salomone (2006), the criticism made by third trend marks another landmark of the constitutive deed of Alfonsina Storni, show tensions and positions that differ from the hegemonic critical. Subsequently, there is setting up a Women's Literature, along with a normative critique, which will consider the production book produced by women as produced by a subject biological woman, and that represents certain textuality with naturalized features peculiar to women. Today, in light of the Critical Feminist and contributions of Discourse Analysis, especially on the concepts and the connections between language and power, a critical reading of the production female, consists of texts of women writers since the mid-nineteenth century, is focused as a result of an ideological perspective and typically androcentric patriarchal, for example, on poems by Alfonsina Storni. According to Alice Salomone (2006), from the 80s of last century, the look on the production literary Latin American writers has another approach, which she calls "critical current: feminist criticism and modernity cultural".

Machado de Assis e a crítica às avessas

During the time he collaborated with the cartoon magazine Semana Ilustrada [Illustrated Week] (1860-1876), Machado de Assis, under the pen name of Dr. Semana, was the author of a number of chronicles in which a different kind of criticism, called “reverse criticism” by Raimundo Magalhães Júnior, emerged. This criticism consisted in flattering texts that were terrible from the literary viewpoint. Based on the theoretical formulations of Beth Brait and Linda Hutcheon regarding irony, the article aims to analyze some examples of this kind of criticism that arises in Semana Ilustrada, in which it is possible to identify the first signs of Machado’s unreliable narrator.