橡胶的分子缠结和性能的研究

本工作由两部分组成：（I）以苯乙烯为溶剂时顺丁胶溶液缠结效应的研究；（II）稀土催化合成丁二烯与异戊二烯2二嵌段共聚物（PB－b-PI）的结构与性能的研究。以Ostward粘度计测定了不同胶样的Logη与LogC的关系曲线，研究临界缠结浓度C＊和在C＞C＊区域内的直线的斜率K与分子结构，温度和分子量分布间的依赖关系，用管子模型的GDE理论进行了分析。用TEM和WAXD方法研究了PB－b-PI二嵌段共聚物的低温结晶性能。在用TEM观察样品的结晶形态时，发现在所有共聚比范围内（PB／PI＝70／30～20／80），样品均具有结晶性。当用WAXD研究结温度和共聚组成对样品的结晶性能的影响时。发现：随着结晶湿度的降低和PB含量的增高，样品的结晶性能变好，结晶高增高。以单向拉伸研究了PB－b-PI和PB／PI共混物的力学性能。根据两相相分离的实验事实，我们提出了双缠结网络模型，其基本思想为：相分离使得两相分子各自形成缠结网络，由于两个缠结网络柔性的差异，外力使柔性大的PB缠结网络将首先产生，这种将随外力的增加而增加，当形变到某一定值时，PB缠结网络将自动产生松驰，通过嵌断点（或化学交联点），将力传递到刚性较大的PI缠结网络，使之产生形变，这种力的传递和一直到样品产生特大的形变而断裂。根据这一模型分析了有效缠结点，嵌段点和化学交联点在两相系中力的传递作用，并用Mooney-Rivlin方程给予了证明。上述模型成功地解释了本工作的实验现象。

LIPID MICRORESISTOR AS MIMICKING OLFACTORY SENSOR - THE RULE OF THE RESPONSE OF LIPIDS TO C-1-C-4 ALCOHOLS

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and six other PC-similar lipids are coated on interdigital electrodes, IEs, as sensitive membranes. Eight alcohols (C-1-C-4) are tested in a flow system at room temperature. It is found that all responses are log(response)-log(concentration) linear relations. These results agree with Steven's law in psychophysics. Moreover, the thresholds of the sensors are coincident with human olfactory thresholds. The authors have analysed the data of the lipid hypothesis suggested by Kurihara et al. We have found that this hypothesis is also in agreement with Steven's law. Lipid microresistors are real mimicking olfactory sensors. A definition of an olfactory sensor is suggested.

基于日志审计与性能修正算法的网络安全态势评估模型

文章分析和比较了目前的安全态势评估方法,提出了一种基于日志审计与性能修正算法的网络安全态势评估模型.首先利用日志审计评估节点理论安全威胁,并通过性能修正算法计算节点安全态势.然后利用节点服务信息计算网络安全态势,并且采用多种预测模型对网络安全态势进行预测,绘制安全态势曲线图.最后构建了一个网络实例,使用网络仿真软件对文中提出的态势评估模型和算法进行了验证.实验证明该方法切实有效,比传统方浇法更准确地反映了网络的安全态势和发展趋势.

Numerical investigation of particle velocity distributions in aeolian sand transport

Particle velocity distribution in a blowing sand cloud is a reflection of saltation movement of many particles. Numerical analysis is performed for particle velocity distribution with a discrete particle model. The probability distributions of resultant particle velocity in the impact-entrainment process, particle horizontal and vertical velocities at different heights and the vertical velocity of ascending particles are analyzed. The probability distributions of resultant impact and lift-off velocities of saltating particles can be expressed by a log-normal function, and that of impact angle comply with an exponential function. The probability distribution of particle horizontal and vertical velocities at different heights shows a typical single-peak pattern. In the lower part of saltation layer, the particle horizontal velocity distribution is positively skewed. Further analysis shows that the probability density function of the vertical velocity of ascending particles is similar to the right-hand part of a normal distribution function, and a general equation is acquired for the probability density function of non-dimensional vertical velocity of ascending particles which is independent of diameter of saltating particles, wind strength and height. These distributions in the present numerical analysis are consistent with reported experimental results. The present investigation is important for understanding the saltation state in wind-blown sand movement. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

CFD-DEM simulation of three-dimensional aeolian sand movement

A three-dimensional CFD-DEM model is proposed to investigate the aeolian sand movement. The results show that the mean particle horizontal velocity can be expressed by a power function of heights. The probability distribution of the impact and lift-off velocities of particles can be described by a log-normal function, and that of the impact and lift-off angles can be expressed by an exponential function. The probability distribution of particle horizontal velocity at different heights can be described as a lognormal function, while the probability distribution of longitudinal and vertical velocity can be described as a normal function. The comparison with previous two-dimensional calculations shows that the variations of mean particle horizontal velocity along the heights in two-dimensional and three-dimensional models are similar. However, the mean particle density of the two-dimensional model is larger than that in reality, which will result in the overestimation of sand transportation rate in the two-dimensional calculation. The study also shows that the predicted probability distributions of particle velocities are in good agreement with the experimental results.

影响沼气甲基产孢弧菌生长及其甲烷单加氧酶活性的若干因素研究

本文叙述了影响甲烷氧化细菌沼气甲基产孢弧菌81Z菌株生长和甲烷单加氧酶(MMO)活性的若干因素。沼气甲基产孢弧菌81Z菌株细胞生长被高浓度PO43-(>8mM),NH4+([NH4cl]>500mg/l)抑制；[CuSO4·5H2O]在0～4mg/l范围内。生长随[Cu2+]升高而加强，低[Cu2+](0.1mg/l CuSO4·5H2O)培养基中，添加Cocl2·6H2O(0.238mg/l)；促进菌体细胞生长。发酵罐分批培养过程中，生长延迟期过后，沼气甲基产孢弧菌81Z菌株细胞MMO比活很快达到最高，并稳定至对数生长中后期，随即急剧下降至初始水平。发现沼气甲基产孢弧菌81Z细胞中存在一种MMO活性，它不同于已报道过的两种MMO,MMOL最适PH6.2～6.4，4℃相对稳定，其产生不受培养基中[Cu2+]调控能与甲醇-甲醇脱氢酶系统相偶联，在无细胞抽提液中其活性被400μM[Cu2+]抑制。在低[Cu2+]发酵罐培养条件下，沼气甲基产孢弧菌81Z菌株产生可溶性MMC，其最适PH7.0，4℃不稳定，可被DE-52分离为三组分：A、B、C。为了获得沼气甲基产孢弧菌81Z细胞MMO的最佳催化活性，①采用高[Cu2+]培养基进行发酵罐培养，收集对数生长中期的细胞；②选择反应缓冲液PH6.3；③反应体系中添加5mM甲醇或甲酸是有效的方法。在本研究所采取过的最佳条件下，测得MMO活性为15.9nmol/min·mg干细胞，是以前报道的该菌株活性0.97nmol/min·mg干细胞的十六倍。Some factors which influence growth and MMO activity of Methylosporovibrio methanica 81Z were described. The growth of Methylosporovibrio methanica 81Z is inhibited by high concentration of PO43-(8mM)or NH4+(500mg/lNH4cl). The growth of Methylosporovibrio methanica 81Z increased with rising of copper concentration up to 4mg/l CuSO4·5H2O. At low copper concentration(0.1mg/lCuSO4·5H2O),adding Cocl2·6H2O(0.238mg/l)could enhance the growth of Methylosporovibrio methanica 81Z.With batch culture of Methylosporovibrio methanica 81Z in a fermentor, after lag phase, the activity of MMO reached the highest level rapidly and steady until later log phase, then falled to initial level.MMOL activity differenct from that of two types of MMO reported before was found from Methylosporovibrio methanica 81Z with optimum PH value from 6.2 to 6.4 and relative stabilty at 4℃. Synthsis of the MMOL was not regulated by copper concentaration in medium. Its activity could couple with methane-l-methanoldehydrogenase system, and in cell-free extract, were inhibited by 400μm copper ion. At low copper concentration(0.1mg/lCuSO4·5H2O) and in a fermentor, Methylosporovibrio methanica 81Z could syntheis soluble MMO similar to solble MMO reported before by Palton and Patel. Its optimum PH value was 7.0. It was unstable at 4℃. It could be resoluted into three components: A, B, and C. It was effentive for obtaining the maxtmum MMO with Methylosporovibrio methanica 81Z that (1) to keep high copper concentration(4mg/lCuSO4·5H2O) in a fermentor and harvest cell at middlel lag phase;(2) to choose 6.3 as the PH value of reaction buffer;(3)and to add 5mM methanol or formate into reaction system. In this dy, the MMO activity of cells of Methylosporovibrio methanica 81Z was reached 15.9 nmol/min.mg, dry weight, sixteen times as high as the value(0.97nmol/min.mg, dry weight) reported with the same strain.