Société Nationale d'Encouragement au Bien. Conseil supérieur d'administration / photographié par Mademoiselle Angelina Trouillet, photographe de la Société

Collectionneur : Sirot, Georges (1898-1977)

[École polytechnique. Promotions 1870, 1874, 1875]

Collectionneur : Sirot, Georges (1898-1977)

[École polytechnique. Promotions 1870, 1874, 1875]

Collectionneur : Sirot, Georges (1898-1977)

[École polytechnique. Promotions 1870, 1874, 1875]

Collectionneur : Sirot, Georges (1898-1977)

Low dose endoluminal photodynamic therapy improves murine T cell-mediated colitis.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Low dose photodynamic therapy (LDPDT) may modify the mucosal immune response and may thus provide a therapy for Crohn's disease. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of this technique in a murine T cell-mediated colitis model. METHODS: The safety of LDPDT was first tested in BALB/c mice. Naïve T cells were used to induce colitis in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency, which were followed up endoscopically, and a murine endoscopic index of colitis (MEIC) was developed. The efficacy of LDPDT (10 J/cm (2); delta-aminolevulinic acid, 15 mg/kg bodyweight) was then tested on mice with moderate colitis, while a disease control group received no treatment. The MEIC, weight, length, and histology of the colon, cytokine expression indices, number of mucosal CD4 (+) T cells, percentage of apoptotic CD4 (+) T cells, body weight, and systemic side effects were evaluated. RESULTS: LDPDT improved the MEIC ( P = 0.011) and the histological score ( P = 0.025), diminished the expression indices of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 ( P = 0.042), interleukin-17 ( P = 0.029), and interferon-gamma ( P = 0.014), decreased the number of mucosal CD4 (+) T cells, and increased the percentage of apoptotic CD4 (+) T cells compared with the disease control group. No local or systemic side effects occurred. CONCLUSION: LDPDT improves murine T cell-mediated colitis, decreases the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, interleukin-17, and interferon-gamma, and decreases the number of CD4 (+) T cells. No adverse events were observed. Therefore, this technique is now being evaluated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Cuerpos abiertos, cineastas del corte. Una introducción al corte como dispositivo

La figuración del cuerpo en el cine ha sido también la figuración de su apertura, de la visualización de lo interno como un universo misterioso y siniestro. Pocos cineastas han vuelto su mirada hacia lo que esconde la piel de sus personajes. Se tratará de poner en escena una constelación de cineastasque han hecho del corte el instrumento para hacer visible lo invisible de lo humano: David Lynch, Georges Franju, Alfred Hitchcok y Marina de Van. Asimismo, el corte es un elemento que define la imagen del cine, en tanto que es capaz de unir y sumar dos imágenes para formar un cuerpo. La idea delcorte y el intervalo como aquello único en Jean-Luc Godard se estudiará a partir de “Pasión”, una película considerada como filme intersticial en su corpus cinematográfico y filme nuclear en su voluntad de ver aquello que aún no se ve.

Carte muette de France : autorisée par l'université / Lithographie de F.G. Levrault

Échelle(s) : [ca 1: 1 418 000], échelle de 20 myriamètres [= 14,1 cm]

El método Clouzot

En el siguiente estudio se pretende analizar la filmografía del cineasta Henri-Georges Clouzot a través de su método de trabajo. Con la aproximación a la génesis creativa de sus películas se descubre que son cuatro los pilares elementales sobre los que deben gravitar sus ideas antes de devenir cine: la escritura del guión, la planificación y el diseño de la producción, la dirección de los intérpretes y la influencia de los técnicos y artistas que colaboraron con él. El análisis de la trayectoria del realizador confirma la existencia de un institucionalizado procedimiento creativo, presente en la gran mayoría de sus películas y que, de algún modo, caracteriza y uniformiza el conjunto de su legado artístico. Por otro lado, el “Método Clouzot” nos permite seguir la pista de sus proyectos inacabados, desvelándonos las claves de su fracaso, como en el caso de la empresa megalómana titulada L’Enfer.

Chitosan-based nanogels for selective delivery of photosensitizers to macrophages and improved retention in and therapy of articular joints.

Macrophages play key roles in inflammatory disorders. Therefore, they are targets of treatments aiming at their local destruction in inflammation sites. However, injection of low molecular mass therapeutics, including photosensitizers, in inflamed joints results in their rapid efflux out of the joints, and poor therapeutic index. To improve selective uptake and increase retention of therapeutics in inflamed tissues, hydrophilic nanogels based on chitosan, of which surface was decorated with hyaluronate and which were loaded with one of three different anionic photosensitizers were developed. Optimal uptake of these functionalized nanogels by murine RAW 264.7 or human THP-1 macrophages as models was achieved after <4h incubation, whereas only negligible uptake by murine fibroblasts used as control cells was observed. The uptake by cells and the intracellular localization of the photosensitizers, of the fluorescein-tagged chitosan and of the rhodamine-tagged hyaluronate were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Photodynamic experiments revealed good cell photocytotoxicity of the photosensitizers entrapped in the nanogels. In a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, injection of free photosensitizers resulted in their rapid clearance from the joints, while nanogel-encapsulated photosensitizers were retained in the inflamed joints over a longer period of time. The photodynamic treatment of the inflamed joints resulted in a reduction of inflammation comparable to a standard corticoid treatment. Thus, hyaluronate-chitosan nanogels encapsulating therapeutic agents are promising materials for the targeted delivery to macrophages and long-term retention of therapeutics in leaky inflamed articular joints.

Grec 932

Martyrium S. Dionysii Areopagitæ, fine mutilum