Efeitos de um programa de treino cognitivo e das t��cnicas de higiene do sono para as fun����es executivas e para a qualidade de sono em idosos saud��veis

The aging process causes changes in the elderly���s sleep/awake standard impairing their cognitive abilities, particularly executive functioning, which already suffers loss by aging. The literature suggests that executive function and preserved sleep quality are key to maintaining good quality of life and independence of older people, requiring interventions to minimize the impact of losses incurred by the aging process. This study evaluated the effect of a cognitive training program and sleep hygiene techniques for executive functions and sleep quality in healthy older people. The participants were 41 healthy older adults, of both sexes, who were randomly divided into four groups: control group [GC], cognitive training group [GTC], sleep hygiene group [GHS] and training group + hygiene [GTH]. The research was developed in three stages: 1st - initial assessment of cognition and sleep; 2nd - specific intervention to each group; 3rd - post-intervention revaluation. The results showed that GTC had significant improvements in cognitive tasks flexibility, planning, verbal fluency and some aspects of episodic memory, besides gains in sleep quality and decrease on daytime hypersomnolence. The GHS improved sleep quality and daytime sleepiness as well and had significant improvements in insights capacity, planning, attention and in all evaluated aspects of episodic memory. The GTH had significant gains in cognitive flexibility, problem solving, verbal fluency, attention and episodic memory. The CG showed significant worsening in excessive daytime sleepiness in capacity planning. Thus, we conclude that cognitive training interventions and sleep hygiene strategies are useful in improving cognitive performance and quality of healthy elderly sleep.

Caracteriza����o do ritmo circadiano de atividade e repouso em saguis idosos (Callithrix Jacchus)

Advanced age may become a limiting factor for the maintenance of rhythms in organisms, reducing the capacity of generation and synchronization of biological rhythms. In this study, the influence of aging on the expression of endogenous periodicity and synchronization (photic and social) of the circadian activity rhythm (CAR) was evaluated in a diurnal primate, the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). This study had two approaches: one with longitudinal design, performed with a male marmoset in two different phases: adult (three years) and older (9 y.o.) (study 1) and the second, a transversal approach, with 6 old (���: 9.7 �� 2.0 y.o.) and 11 adults animals (���: 4.2 �� 0.8 y.o.) (study 2). The evaluation of the photic synchronization involved two conditions in LD (natural and artificial illuminations). In study 1, the animal was subjected to the following stages: LD (12:12 ~ 350: ~ 2 lx), LL (~ 350 lx) and LD resynchronization. In the second study, the animals were initially evaluated in natural LD, and then the same sequence stages of study 1. During the LL stage in study 2, the vocalizations of conspecifics kept in natural LD on the outside of the colony were considered temporal cue to the social synchronization. The record of the activity was performed automatically at intervals of five minutes through infrared sensor and actimeters, in studies 1 and 2, respectively. In general, the aged showed a more fragmented activity pattern (> IV < H and > PSD, ANOVA, p < 0.05), lower levels of activity (ANOVA, p < 0.05) and shorter duration of active phase (ANOVA, p < 0.05) in LD conditions, when compared to adults. In natural LD, the aged presented phase delay pronounced for onset and offset of active phase (ANOVA, p < 0.05), while the adults had the active phase more adjusted to light phase. Under artificial LD, there was phase advance and greater adjustment of onset and offset of activity in relation to the LD in the aged (ANOVA, p < 0.05). In LL, there was a positive correlation between age and the endogenous period (���) in the first 20 days (Spearman correlation, p < 0.05), with prolonged ��� held in two aged animals. In this condition, most adults showed free-running period of the circadian activity rhythm with ��� < 24 h for the first 30 days and later on relative coordination mediated by auditory cues. In study 2, the cross-correlation analysis between the activity profiles of the animals in LL with control animals kept under natural LD, found that there was less social synchronization in the aged. With the resubmission to the LD, the resynchronization rate was slower in the aged (t-test; p < 0.05) and in just one aged animal there was a loss of resynchronization capability. According to the data set, it is suggested that the aging in marmosets may be related to: 1) lower amplitude and greater fragmentation of the activity, accompanied to phase delay with extension of period, caused by changes in a photic input, in the generation and behavioral expression of the CAR; 2) lower capacity of the circadian activity rhythm to photic synchronization, that can become more robust in artificial lighting conditions, possibly due to the higher light intensities at the beginning of the active phase due to the abrupt transitions between the light and dark phases; and 3) smaller capacity of non-photic synchronization for auditory cues from conspecifics, possibly due to reducing sensory inputs and responsiveness of the circadian oscillators to auditory cues, what can make the aged marmoset most vulnerable, as these social cues may act as an important supporting factor for the photic synchronization.

Caracteriza����o do ritmo circadiano de atividade e repouso em saguis idosos (Callithrix Jacchus)

Advanced age may become a limiting factor for the maintenance of rhythms in organisms, reducing the capacity of generation and synchronization of biological rhythms. In this study, the influence of aging on the expression of endogenous periodicity and synchronization (photic and social) of the circadian activity rhythm (CAR) was evaluated in a diurnal primate, the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). This study had two approaches: one with longitudinal design, performed with a male marmoset in two different phases: adult (three years) and older (9 y.o.) (study 1) and the second, a transversal approach, with 6 old (���: 9.7 �� 2.0 y.o.) and 11 adults animals (���: 4.2 �� 0.8 y.o.) (study 2). The evaluation of the photic synchronization involved two conditions in LD (natural and artificial illuminations). In study 1, the animal was subjected to the following stages: LD (12:12 ~ 350: ~ 2 lx), LL (~ 350 lx) and LD resynchronization. In the second study, the animals were initially evaluated in natural LD, and then the same sequence stages of study 1. During the LL stage in study 2, the vocalizations of conspecifics kept in natural LD on the outside of the colony were considered temporal cue to the social synchronization. The record of the activity was performed automatically at intervals of five minutes through infrared sensor and actimeters, in studies 1 and 2, respectively. In general, the aged showed a more fragmented activity pattern (> IV < H and > PSD, ANOVA, p < 0.05), lower levels of activity (ANOVA, p < 0.05) and shorter duration of active phase (ANOVA, p < 0.05) in LD conditions, when compared to adults. In natural LD, the aged presented phase delay pronounced for onset and offset of active phase (ANOVA, p < 0.05), while the adults had the active phase more adjusted to light phase. Under artificial LD, there was phase advance and greater adjustment of onset and offset of activity in relation to the LD in the aged (ANOVA, p < 0.05). In LL, there was a positive correlation between age and the endogenous period (���) in the first 20 days (Spearman correlation, p < 0.05), with prolonged ��� held in two aged animals. In this condition, most adults showed free-running period of the circadian activity rhythm with ��� < 24 h for the first 30 days and later on relative coordination mediated by auditory cues. In study 2, the cross-correlation analysis between the activity profiles of the animals in LL with control animals kept under natural LD, found that there was less social synchronization in the aged. With the resubmission to the LD, the resynchronization rate was slower in the aged (t-test; p < 0.05) and in just one aged animal there was a loss of resynchronization capability. According to the data set, it is suggested that the aging in marmosets may be related to: 1) lower amplitude and greater fragmentation of the activity, accompanied to phase delay with extension of period, caused by changes in a photic input, in the generation and behavioral expression of the CAR; 2) lower capacity of the circadian activity rhythm to photic synchronization, that can become more robust in artificial lighting conditions, possibly due to the higher light intensities at the beginning of the active phase due to the abrupt transitions between the light and dark phases; and 3) smaller capacity of non-photic synchronization for auditory cues from conspecifics, possibly due to reducing sensory inputs and responsiveness of the circadian oscillators to auditory cues, what can make the aged marmoset most vulnerable, as these social cues may act as an important supporting factor for the photic synchronization.

Perfil sociodemogr��fico dos idosos nas capitais do Nordeste e a mortalidade por doen��as cr��nico-degenerativas desse segmento populacional em Natal (RN)

Population aging is a global demographic trend. This process is a reality that merits attention and importance in recent years, and cause considerable impact in terms of greater demands on the health sector, social security and special care and attention from families and society as a whole. Thus, in the context of addressing the consequences of demographic transition, population aging is characterized as a major challenge for Brazilian society. Therefore, this study was conducted in two main objectives. In the first article, variables of socioeconomic and demographic contexts were employed to identify multidimensional profiles of elderly residents in the Northeast capitals, from specific indicators from the 2010 Census information Therefore, we used the Grade of Membership Method (GoM), whose design profiles admits that an individual belongs to different degrees of relevance to multiple profiles in order to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with living conditions of the elderly in the Northeastern capitals. The second article examined the possible relationship between mortality from chronic diseases and socio-economic indicators in the elderly population, of the 137 districts in Natal, broken down by ten-year age groups (60 to 69 years, 70-79 years and 80 and over. The microdata from the Mortality Information System (SIM), was used, provided by the Health Secretariat of Christmas, and population information came from the Population Census 2010. The method refers to the Global and Local Index neighborhood logic (LISA) Moran, whose spatial distribution from the choropleth maps allowed us to analyze the mortality of the elderly by neighborhoods, according to socioeconomic and demographic indicators, according to the presence of special significance. In the first article, the results show the identification of three extreme profiles. The Profile 1 which is characterized by median socioeconomic status and contributes 35.5% of elderly residents in the area considered. The profile 2 which brings together seniors with low socioeconomic status characteristics, with a percentage of 24.8% of cases. And the Profile 3 composing elderly with features that reveal better socioeconomic conditions, about 29.7% of the elderly. Overall, the results point to poor living conditions represented by the definition of these profiles, mainly expressed by the results observed in more than half of the northeastern elderly experience a situation of social vulnerability given the large percentage that makes up the Profile 1 and Profile 2, adding 60% of the elderly. In the second article, the results show a higher proportion of elderly concentrated in the neighborhoods of higher socioeconomic status, such as Petr��polis and LagoaSeca. Mortality rates, according to the causes of death and standardized by the empirical Bayesian method were distributed locally as follows: Neoplasms (Reis Santos, New Discovery, New Town, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Hypertensive diseases (Blue Lagoon, Potengi, Redinha, Reis Santos, Riverside, Lagoa Nova, Grass Soft, Ne��polis and Ponta Negra); Acute Myocardial Infarction (Northeast, Guarapes and grass Soft); Cerebrovascular diseases (Petr��polis and Mother Luiza); Pneumonia (Ribeira, Praia do Meio, New Discovery, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Chronic Diseases of the Lower Way Airlines (Igap��, Northeast and Thursdays). The present findings at work may contribute to other studies on the subject and development of specific policies for the elderly.

Perfil sociodemogr��fico dos idosos nas capitais do Nordeste e a mortalidade por doen��as cr��nico-degenerativas desse segmento populacional em Natal (RN)

Population aging is a global demographic trend. This process is a reality that merits attention and importance in recent years, and cause considerable impact in terms of greater demands on the health sector, social security and special care and attention from families and society as a whole. Thus, in the context of addressing the consequences of demographic transition, population aging is characterized as a major challenge for Brazilian society. Therefore, this study was conducted in two main objectives. In the first article, variables of socioeconomic and demographic contexts were employed to identify multidimensional profiles of elderly residents in the Northeast capitals, from specific indicators from the 2010 Census information Therefore, we used the Grade of Membership Method (GoM), whose design profiles admits that an individual belongs to different degrees of relevance to multiple profiles in order to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with living conditions of the elderly in the Northeastern capitals. The second article examined the possible relationship between mortality from chronic diseases and socio-economic indicators in the elderly population, of the 137 districts in Natal, broken down by ten-year age groups (60 to 69 years, 70-79 years and 80 and over. The microdata from the Mortality Information System (SIM), was used, provided by the Health Secretariat of Christmas, and population information came from the Population Census 2010. The method refers to the Global and Local Index neighborhood logic (LISA) Moran, whose spatial distribution from the choropleth maps allowed us to analyze the mortality of the elderly by neighborhoods, according to socioeconomic and demographic indicators, according to the presence of special significance. In the first article, the results show the identification of three extreme profiles. The Profile 1 which is characterized by median socioeconomic status and contributes 35.5% of elderly residents in the area considered. The profile 2 which brings together seniors with low socioeconomic status characteristics, with a percentage of 24.8% of cases. And the Profile 3 composing elderly with features that reveal better socioeconomic conditions, about 29.7% of the elderly. Overall, the results point to poor living conditions represented by the definition of these profiles, mainly expressed by the results observed in more than half of the northeastern elderly experience a situation of social vulnerability given the large percentage that makes up the Profile 1 and Profile 2, adding 60% of the elderly. In the second article, the results show a higher proportion of elderly concentrated in the neighborhoods of higher socioeconomic status, such as Petr��polis and LagoaSeca. Mortality rates, according to the causes of death and standardized by the empirical Bayesian method were distributed locally as follows: Neoplasms (Reis Santos, New Discovery, New Town, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Hypertensive diseases (Blue Lagoon, Potengi, Redinha, Reis Santos, Riverside, Lagoa Nova, Grass Soft, Ne��polis and Ponta Negra); Acute Myocardial Infarction (Northeast, Guarapes and grass Soft); Cerebrovascular diseases (Petr��polis and Mother Luiza); Pneumonia (Ribeira, Praia do Meio, New Discovery, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Chronic Diseases of the Lower Way Airlines (Igap��, Northeast and Thursdays). The present findings at work may contribute to other studies on the subject and development of specific policies for the elderly.

O papel do ambiente residencial na qualidade de vida de idosos: um estudo explorat��rio em Cabedelo, Para��ba

Currently, the growing aging population challenges the society and public health policies, for increased longevity need to be associated with quality of life. Adequate physical and social environment are key factors for the welfare of the elderly, particularly the housing environment - this thesis understood as the home (dwelling unit) and its surroundings (close proximity). In addition, Brazilian legislation in this sector indicates the importance of the elderly remain at home and in the family. In addition, Brazilian legislation in this sector indicates the importance of the elderly remain at home and in the family. Based on this framework mortar, the thesis was starting questions: How do you live the elderly population aged 80 and over which is served by the Health Family Strategy of the Unified Health System? That social and environmental conditions of the place of residence act more directly on their quality of life? How do these people get housing conditions experienced? The research aimed to investigate how the residential environment (social and physical) influence everyday activities and quality of life of the elderly. Exploratory qualitative study highlighting the home visits, developed based on multimethod strategy. The empirical study was conducted in the city of Cabedelo-PB, Nov/2013 to Feb/2014. Participants were 36 elderly people (31 women and 5 men) aged between 80 and 99 years, little education, who live 39 years in the area (average). In the research first stage were applied questionnaires for socio-demographics and livability of the residence and the surroundings. In the second stage we used semi-structured interview and a tour accompanied in the neighborhood (with those who have accepted to do so). Throughout work it was kept a diary by the researcher and held naturalistic observations of the behavior of the elderly. Quantitative data were described using descriptive statistics, and information from the interviews were analyzed through the Collective Subject Discourse technique. Among the key ideas that emerged from them are: the representation of home, neighborhood support and related issues dyad independence / autonomy. The study showed that the elderly develop strong attachment to the place where he lives, the importance of it for your health and the desire to stay there. Thus, despite experiencing many barriers (more physical than the social), at the place where they live, they say they are satisfied, even when unfavorable conditions are evident. Concluding that as the houses are environmentally more docile, simple changes ensure autonomy, independence and mobility for the elderly. In turn, the barriers of the urban environment show it more difficult to deal with, making this space inhospitable to most survey participants, a condition that hinders your physical activities and social participation, and negatively influence their quality of life.

Avalia����o multidimensional da qualidade de vida em idosos: um estudo no Curimata�� ocidental paraibano

The fast growth of the elderly population is a reality throughout the world and has become one of the greatest challenges for contemporary public health. When considering the increased life expectancy and the aging as a multidimensional phenomenon, one should highlight the need to investigate if the increase of longevity is associated with satisfactory levels of Quality of Life (QOL). This study has the objective of assessing the QOL of elderly people from the Para��ba���s Western Curimata�� microregion, explained by its health and living conditions. This is a cross-sectional and observational study with quantitative design held with 444 elderly people from five cities: Barra de Santa Rosa, Cuit��, Nova Floresta, Rem��gio e Sossego. In order to obtain information, the following instruments were used: I) Questionnaire for collection data related to the elderly population, for sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral characteristics; and II) WHOQOL-Old questionnaire, with a view to measuring and assessing QOL. Data were processed on the IBM-SPSS Statistics 20.0 software by means of the ANOVA (one-way), Student���s t, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson���s correlation tests, with p-values<0,05 accepted as being statistically significant. The results indicate a good global QOL (ETT=65,69%), with better assessment by elderly men, aged between 60 and 74 years, married, living with partner and children, without caregiver, physical activity practitioners, with up to one health problem before an aspect of multimorbidity and with very good and/or good assessment of basic needs. The self-reported stress showed a negative significant correlation before the global QOL, where the greater the perception of stress, the worse the assessment of QOL. In the faceted assessment of QOL, the Sensory Operation showed the best performance (ETF= 68,86%) and the Social Participation (SP) the worst (ETF=60,37%). In the multiple linear regression model, SP is singly responsible for 51,8% (R2=0,518) of explanation of the global QOL. In the intercorrelation among the WHOQOL-Old facets, only Death and Dying did not reveal significance. The harmony highlighted among the facets raises the need to ensure a comprehensive health care for the elderly population, especially in understanding the social participation as an intrinsic part of the QOL and that it requires the re-discussion and reconstruction of individual and collective, family and community, political and government actions. Hence, guaranteeing an active, healthy and participatory aging, with QOL, is the major challenge.

Avalia����o multidimensional da qualidade de vida em idosos: um estudo no Curimata�� ocidental paraibano

The fast growth of the elderly population is a reality throughout the world and has become one of the greatest challenges for contemporary public health. When considering the increased life expectancy and the aging as a multidimensional phenomenon, one should highlight the need to investigate if the increase of longevity is associated with satisfactory levels of Quality of Life (QOL). This study has the objective of assessing the QOL of elderly people from the Para��ba���s Western Curimata�� microregion, explained by its health and living conditions. This is a cross-sectional and observational study with quantitative design held with 444 elderly people from five cities: Barra de Santa Rosa, Cuit��, Nova Floresta, Rem��gio e Sossego. In order to obtain information, the following instruments were used: I) Questionnaire for collection data related to the elderly population, for sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral characteristics; and II) WHOQOL-Old questionnaire, with a view to measuring and assessing QOL. Data were processed on the IBM-SPSS Statistics 20.0 software by means of the ANOVA (one-way), Student���s t, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson���s correlation tests, with p-values<0,05 accepted as being statistically significant. The results indicate a good global QOL (ETT=65,69%), with better assessment by elderly men, aged between 60 and 74 years, married, living with partner and children, without caregiver, physical activity practitioners, with up to one health problem before an aspect of multimorbidity and with very good and/or good assessment of basic needs. The self-reported stress showed a negative significant correlation before the global QOL, where the greater the perception of stress, the worse the assessment of QOL. In the faceted assessment of QOL, the Sensory Operation showed the best performance (ETF= 68,86%) and the Social Participation (SP) the worst (ETF=60,37%). In the multiple linear regression model, SP is singly responsible for 51,8% (R2=0,518) of explanation of the global QOL. In the intercorrelation among the WHOQOL-Old facets, only Death and Dying did not reveal significance. The harmony highlighted among the facets raises the need to ensure a comprehensive health care for the elderly population, especially in understanding the social participation as an intrinsic part of the QOL and that it requires the re-discussion and reconstruction of individual and collective, family and community, political and government actions. Hence, guaranteeing an active, healthy and participatory aging, with QOL, is the major challenge.

Preval��ncia, fatores associados e efeitos da viol��ncia dom��stica na mobilidade em idosos: evid��ncias do estudo imias (international mobility in aging study) sob a perspectiva epidemiol��gica do curso da vida

A capacidade de mover-se com independ��ncia e seguran��a �� fundamental para a execu����o das atividades de vida di��ria e manuten����o da qualidade de vida do indiv��duo. Diversos fatores, dentre eles o envelhecimento podem contribuir para seu decl��nio. Estudos t��m demonstrado associa����o entre experi��ncias de viol��ncia dom��stica (VD) e diversos problemas de sa��de f��sica e mental. At�� o momento, n��o h�� estudos que tenham avaliado a associa����o entre experi��ncias de VD no curso de vida e limita����es de mobilidade na senesc��ncia. OBJETIVOS: estimar a preval��ncia da VD (f��sica e psicol��gica) em idosos, e avaliar o impacto da VD no curso de vida na limita����o de mobilidade. MATERIAIS E M��TODO: Estudo observacional anal��tico a partir da primeira coleta de dados do estudo longitudinal International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS). Idosos (n = 1995) de ambos os sexos entre 65 e 74 anos de cinco localidades distintas (Kingston e Saint-Hyacinthe, Canad��; Tirana, Alb��nia; Maniazales, Col��mbia; e Natal, Brasil) participaram do estudo. Dados sobre vari��veis sociodemogr��ficas, econ��micas, condi����es de sa��de e experi��ncias de VD (f��sica e psicol��gica) durante o curso de vida foram coletados. A limita����o de mobilidade na senesc��ncia foi avaliada pelo Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) e pela dificuldade de andar 400 metros e/ou subir um lance de escadas. As preval��ncias foram avaliadas mediante frequ��ncias absolutas e relativas das exposi����es �� VD, limita����o de mobilidade e co-vari��veis. Diferen��as de g��nero, bem como entre cidades foram analisadas utilizando o teste de qui-quadrado. Associa����o entre exposi����o �� VD e limita����o de mobilidade foi avaliada utilizando a regress��o log��stica bin��ria multivariada, ajustando pelas co-vari��veis. An��lise de media����o foram utilizadas, para avaliar poss��veis caminhos entre a exposi����o �� VD no curso de vida e a limita����o de mobilidade. RESULTADOS: A viol��ncia f��sica foi rara, com valores entre 0,63 e 0,85%. Relatos de viol��ncia psicol��gica variaram entre 3,2% e 23,5% (homens) e de 9% para 26% (mulheres). Mulheres experimentaram mais viol��ncia do que os homens em Saint-Hyacinthe (homens: 3,2% vs mulheres: 14%, p <0,001), Tirana (homens: 4,3% vs mulheres: 10,3%, p = 0,017), em Manizales (homens: 8,3 % vs mulheres: 18,3%, p = 0,004) e Natal (homens: 11,1% vs mulheres: 26%, p = 0,002). Em geral, o baixo suporte social pelo parceiro foi associado com a VD. Estar trabalhando foi associado a vitimiza����o entre os homens, enquanto o oposto foi verdade para as mulheres. Arranjos de vida Multi-familiares e baixo suporte pelos parceiros, filhos e fam��lia foram associados com a VD. Baixo suporte social foi da maior import��ncia para as mulheres do que os homens. A VD f��sica foi associada tanto com o SPPB < 8 (OR 1,623 95%IC 1,161-2,269) como com a dificuldade para andar 400 metros e/ou subir um lance de escadas (OR 1,394 95%IC 1,063-1,829). A limita����o de mobilidade decorrente da viol��ncia f��sica no curso de vida pelo parceiro ��ntimo foi mediada pelas condi����es cr��nicas (efeito 25,56% 95%IC 0,036-0,277) e depress��o (efeito 33,05% 95%IC 0,087-0,333). No caso da viol��ncia f��sica por outros familiares, a limita����o de mobilidade foi mediada pelas condi����es cr��nicas (efeito 20,85% 95%IC 0,022-0,202), n��o ades��o �� pr��tica de atividades f��sicas (efeito 34,14% 95%IC 0,076-0,351) e depress��o (efeito 44,40% 95%IC 0,144-0,315). CONCLUS��ES: A viol��ncia dom��stica no curso de vida �� uma realidade, que pode acarretar consequ��ncias que favorecem a limita����o de mobilidade em idosos. S��o necess��rias pol��ticas p��blicas que combatam efetivamente a viol��ncia dom��stica, garantindo um envelhecimento mais digno e independente funcionalmente.

Aids em idosos no Brasil no per��odo de 2000 a 2012: uma an��lise de s��rie temporal e dos fatores contextuais associados

The characteristics profile of individuals who develop AIDS in Brazil has changed over time. Among these modifications, a worrying finding is the increased incidence of AIDS in the elderly across the country. But, however, is not yet clear whether the increase in AIDS cases is sufficient to produce a change in the trend of measures in recent years in the Brazilian states, and this increase has an effect from the socioeconomic and demographic indicators. In this sense, the objective of this study is to analyze the AIDS incidence rates among the elderly in Brazil and its effect on socioeconomic and demographic inequalities in the period 2000 to 2012. This is an ecological time-series study to meet behavior of the time series of the incidence rates of AIDS in the elderly from 2000 to 2012. the rates were calculated using the secondary data from Diseases Information System Notification and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Data were analyzed statistically to know the trends in incidence rates, by polynomial regression model and joinpoint log-linear regression model, but also the simple linear regression analysis to find the relationship of trends with variables socioeconomic and demographic. SPSS 20.0�� and Joinpoint 4.1.1 programs were used. All tests were carried out considering a significance of 5%. After the analysis, in Brazil were reported 62,052 new cases of AIDS in the elderly from 2000 to 2012. During this period, a significant increase was found for males, both aged 50-59 years (APPC: 3.46 %, p <0.001), such as above 59 years (AAPC: 4.38%; p <0.001). For females, the increase was significant and has the largest increments in the time series, when compared to males in both age groups (AAPC: 4.62%, p <0.001 and AAPC: 6.53%; p <0.001) respectively. The largest increases are observed in women and in the states of North and Northeast. In the Southeast Region is observed stabilization of rates throughout the series. The reason of trends between the sexes had a significant reduction, but also an approach in both age groups of the study, reaching a ratio of 1.7 males for every female in the youngest age group. The trends were related to illiteracy rates, with increasing social inequality and the lowest human development in the Brazilian states. We conclude that in Brazil the incidence of AIDS in the elderly follows an increasing trend in individuals over 50 years. Noteworthy are the highest rates of study in women and in the states of North and Northeast. In this sense, the country needs to enhance policies towards older people with STD / AIDS, training health professionals and developing effective measures for the prevention and early diagnosis of infected people, especially in places with limited resources and high social inequality. In the long term, it is developing new studies to understand whether the measures taken were effective in reducing the trends identified in this study.

Forma����o profissional do cuidador de idosos em institui����es de longa perman��ncia

The old caretaker's work seeks to minimize suffering and morbidity resulting from physical, cognitive and emotional limitations of these individuals, being a practice permeated by the uniqueness of the subjects involved, therefore, a process in constant construction. In this notion, the caregiver's role is crucial to assist the elderly in everyday life, aiming at improving their quality of life. This study has descriptive and analytical character with quantitative and qualitative approach aimed to investigate the professional training of active caregivers in long-term stay institutions for the Elderly (ILPIs) in Natal/RN in the year 2014. For this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 63 caregivers employed in nine ILPIs, representing 75% of the professionals performing activities in these institutions. The interviews captured data on the socioeconomic profile, the perception about the profession and training of caregivers. Data were analyzed by observation of absolute and relative measures of central tendency of the numeric variables frequencies. It was found that most caregivers had poor socioeconomic status and had no specific training course to practice caregiver role. However, among those who carried out courses, most reported that the content covered during the training gave security to perform the practice, although they have shown a contradiction when referred to the need to build capacity. The perception of care is mainly related to love and care for the other while the choice of profession is associated with care practice itself. The results also indicate the presence of a low level of formal training for the exercise of the occupation, also revealing the weaknesses ranging from the absence of a core curriculum that can guide the formation, compounded by the low educational professionals in focus.

Desenvolvimento e valida����o do sistema de observa����o do clima de aula, em aulas de grupo de fitness: aplica����o piloto em idosos

Disserta����o com vista na obten����o no grau de mestre em Atividade F��sica em Popula����es Especiais

Vis��o dos profissionais de sa��de frente �� possibilidade de infec����o de HIV/Aids em idosos

The HIV/Aids epidemic is today, in Brazil, a phenomenon of great magnitude and extent. The disease progresses over a physically weakened, and with more complex approach, portion of the population: the elderly. This study has the objective to know the vision of health professionals facing the possibility of HIV/Aids in the elderly. It is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the city of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from November 2013 to December 2015, with the participants Doctors, Dental Surgeons and nurses stationed in the Municipal Network of Primary Care, with a sample of 220. Using factor analysis, factors unrelated to the training of health professionals and others directly related; only the latter showed differences between the professions. The investigation of the professional view on the possibility of infection of HIV/Aids in the elderly should be crafted specifically for each type of professional, meeting the specific difficulties of training each degree course. It is crucial the need to update each professional in the health care field in order to be able to make an early diagnosis aimed at protecting the elderly patient's integrity affected by HIV/Aids.

Promo����o do desenvolvimento cognitivo em idosos com a doen��a de Alzheimer ��� as pr��ticas e os contextos de estruturas residenciais para idosos

O crescimento da fatia da popula����o com idade superior a 65 anos tem levado a uma maior aten����o sobre as consequ��ncias sociais, econ��micas, pol��ticas, principalmente nos pa��ses desenvolvidos. O estudo que se apresenta �� uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa e tem caracter��sticas descritivas. Pretendemos conhecer de que forma as estruturas residenciais para idosos promovem o desenvolvimento cognitivo em idosos com a doen��a de Alzheimer atrav��s de atividades de estimula����o cognitiva. Foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade aos t��cnicos respons��veis por quatro estruturas residenciais de idosos (ERPI), da zona centro de Portugal e os dados recolhidos foram triangulados com a an��lise documental e a observa����o naturalista realizada pela investigadora, dado que desenvolve a sua atividade profissional neste contexto Os resultados revelam que as estruturas residenciais para idosos est��o sens��veis �� import��ncia de criar momentos de estimula����o cognitivas para idosos com a doen��a de Alzheimer. Esta tarefa est�� dificultada n��o s�� pela lacuna na forma����o espec��fica dos t��cnicos, como tamb��m pelo aumento de utentes com estas e outras necessidades, condicionando a a����o individualizada destes t��cnicos. As estruturas residenciais para idosos, consideram que �� necess��rio fazer uma adapta����o do processo de institucionaliza����o quando se trata de um utente com esta dem��ncia. Existe tamb��m uma grande preocupa����o em manter a capacidade motora, estimula����o cognitiva, mantendo assim por mais tempo as capacidades de cada idoso por forma a ter uma melhor qualidade de vida e autonomia.

Contributo das atividades de anima����o sociocultural nos idosos em servi��o de apoio domicili��rio

A disserta����o que aqui se apresenta, de cariz qualitativo, procura perceber quais os contributos que as atividades de anima����o sociocultural desempenham para os idosos de Servi��o de Apoio Domicili��rio (SAD) da Santa Casa da Miseric��rdia de Pombal (SCMP), uma resposta social que oferece, apenas, servi��os de higiene habitacional e pessoal, alimenta����o, tratamento de roupas e cuidados de sa��de aos seus utentes. Anima����o Sociocultural na terceira idade surge como resposta �� diminui����o da sua atividade e das suas rela����es sociais. �� considerada um fator determinante para a qualidade de vida das pessoas preservando a sua autonomia e podendo contribuir para um envelhecimento mais ativo e participativo. O m��todo usado foi a investiga����o a����o, com 13 utentes do servi��o de apoio domicili��rio, desenvolvendo-se um conjunto de atividades, previamente escolhidas por eles, como a express��o pl��stica, tert��lias, gin��stica, caminhadas, manicure, jogos de cartas, leitura de jornais e a comemora����o do anivers��rio. As t��cnicas que nos permitiram proceder �� recolha de dados foram a pesquisa documental, a entrevista estruturada e a observa����o direta com recurso ao di��rio de campo. A pesquisa desenvolvida evidenciou que os utentes mostram maior interesse em desenvolver atividades que envolvam o di��logo, sobre assuntos do quotidiano pessoal e da atualidade portuguesa, e a atividade f��sica. Percebeu-se que as atividades de anima����o socioculturais desenvolvidas trouxeram contributos a n��vel da mobilidade, das rela����es pessoais, da auto estima, da motricidade fina, entre outras. De futuro consideramos que as atividades de anima����o sociocultural devem ser um servi��o a incluir na resposta social do servi��o de apoio domicili��rio.