First-principles simulation of elastic constants and electronic properties of GaN

The electronic and structural properties and elastic constants of the wurtzite phase of GaN, was investigated by computer simulation at Density Functional Theory level, with B3LYP and B3PW hybrid functional. The electronic properties were investigated through the analysis of the band structures and density of states, and the mechanical properties were studied through the calculus of the elastic constants: C11, C33, C44, C12, and C13. The results show that the maximum of the valence band and the minimum of the conduction band are both located at the Γ point, indicating that GaN is a direct band gap semiconductor. The following constants were obtained for B3LYP and B3PW (in brackets): C11 = 366.9 [372.4], C33 = 390.9 [393.4], C44 = 99.1 [96.9], C12 = 143.6 [155.2], and C13 = 107.6 [121.4].

Nanoestruturas de GaN crescidas pelas técnicas de epitaxia por magnetron sputtering e epitaxia por feixe molecular

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Screen-Sized PDFs in Sans Serif Type: Template and Files

This document style is intended for reading onscreen. It creates a two-page spread that fits on a single screen (of 1024 x 768 pixels), with type that remains readable at 75% magnification. It includes design and typographic settings to accommodate common text elements: headings, subtitles, extracts, etc. The font is Lucida Sans Unicode, set single-spaced. It is a sans serif font, which allows for greater readability at smaller sizes and onscreen. The basic text size is 11 point. The font is engi¬neered with a tall line-height, so that even set “solid” (i.e., single-spaced) there is ample “leading” between the lines for clear reading. The overall design is “left aligned”—that is all titles, subtitles, headings, etc. are lined up on the left margin. Paragraphs are justified, for easier reading; titles, headings, references, captions, and endnotes are not justified. The two files attached to this documents are: Screen SansSerif file.doc = a blank MS Word file with these page and type specifications already loaded. Enter (or paste) your text into this file and Save under a new name. Screen SansSerif template.dot = an MS Word template; use this to create a new blank document. Templates are generally stored in a folder in Program Files > Microsoft Office > Templates The main document contains sample pages and specifications for the type, margins, settings, etc.

Digital magnetic heterostructures based on GaN using GGA-1/2 approach

We present ab-initio calculations of seven digital magnetic heterostructures, GaN delta-doped with V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, forming two-dimensional systems. Only GaN delta-doped with V or Cr present a ferromagnetic ground state with high Curie temperatures. For both, to better describe the electronic properties, we used the GGA-1/2 approach. The ground state of GaN/Cr resulted in a two dimensional half-metal, with 100% spin polarization. For GaN/V, we obtained an insulating state: integer magnetic moment of 2.0 mu(B), a minority spin gap of 3.0 eV close to the gap of GaN, but a majority spin gap of 0.34 eV. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4751285]

Solvable model for template coexistence in protocells

Compartmentalization of self-replicating molecules (templates) in protocells is a necessary step towards the evolution of modern cells. However, coexistence between distinct template types inside a protocell can be achieved only if there is a selective pressure favoring protocells with a mixed template composition. Here we study analytically a group selection model for the coexistence between two template types using the diffusion approximation of population genetics. The model combines competition at the template and protocell levels as well as genetic drift inside protocells. At the steady state, we find a continuous phase transition separating the coexistence and segregation regimes, with the order parameter vanishing linearly with the distance to the critical point. In addition, we derive explicit analytical expressions for the critical steadystate probability density of protocell compositions.

Zylindrische Polymakromonomere als Template für die Herstellung von Nanostrukturen

Mit dieser Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass Polymakromonomere als vielseitige Template zur Herstellung von nanostrukturierten Materialien eingesetzt werden können. Als Polymakromonomere bezeichnet man spezielle Polymerarchitekturen, bei denen jede Wiederholungseinheit der Hauptkette eine Seitenkette trägt. Die sterischen Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Seitenketten bewirken, dass Polymakromonomere nicht geknäult sondern wurmförmig gestreckt vorliegen. Auf Oberflächen scheiden sich die Polymakromonomere als zylindrische Strukturen ab, weshalb sie sich als Template für die Präparation von eindimensionalen Nanostrukturen eignen. So konnten, durch Reduktion von Metallsalzen an kationischen oder anionischen Polymakromonomeren, metallische Nanodrähte hergestellt werden. Hierzu wurde ein neuartiges Verfahren entwickelt, bei dem das Metallsalz elektrochemisch reduziert wird. Die Templatwirkung der Polymakromonomere zeigte sich dabei besonders eindrucksvoll. Denn obwohl mit überschüssigem Metallsalz gearbeitet wurde, fand die Nukleation und das Wachstum nur innerhalb der Polymerstruktur statt. Mit Hilfe der hochauflösenden TEM konnte belegt werden, dass durchgängige und kristalline Strukturen vorliegen.Für das Arbeiten in Lösung wurden amphipolare Kern-Schale Polymakromonomere hergestellt. Diese Systeme konnten für die Synthese von Polypyrrol in Lösung eingesetzt werden. Dabei gelang es eine Methode zu entwickelt, bei der das leitfähige Polymer nur im Kernbereich des Templats gebildet wird.