Le protestantisme et son avenir

Le protestantisme a-t-il un avenir? A-t-il toujours les moyens de ses ambitions fondatrices - réformer l'Eglise et faire résonner des accents prophétiques au-delà de ses frontières ? Le présent volume a pour but de dresser un état de la situation, d'examiner l'identité protestante sous l'angle de ses forces et de ses faiblesses, de se demander comment cette identité est susceptible de trouver sa place dans la situation actuellement en devenir. Le protestantisme n'est en effet plus ni ne peut plus être exactement ce qu'il était. Le monde autour de lui n'a cessé de changer et lui-même est passé par plusieurs mutations. Le problème de l'identité protestante s'esquisse désormais sur fond de modernité, voire de post-modernité - des étapes culturelles d'autant plus importantes que le protestantisme a directement participé à leur formation ou s'est constamment soucié d'en comprendre les incidences les plus décisives. Quels sont alors les risques, mais aussi les chances, de la tradition théologique et culturelle dont il est issu? Les contributions rassemblées ici explorent quelques aspects parmi les plus importants de cette problématique: la précarité, la morale, le rapport à la tradition, l'oecuménisme, le défi des images, etc.

Relationship and transaction lending in a crisis

We study how relationship lending and transaction lending varyover the business cycle. We develop a model in which relationshipbanks gather information on their borrowers, which allows them toprovide loans for profitable firms during a crisis. Due to the servicesthey provide, operating costs of relationship-banks are higher thanthose of transaction-banks. In our model, where relationship-bankscompete with transaction-banks, a key result is that relationship-banks charge a higher intermediation spread in normal times, butoffer continuation-lending at more favorable terms than transactionbanks to profitable firms in a crisis. Using detailed credit registerinformation for Italian banks before and after the Lehman Brothers'default, we are able to study how relationship and transaction-banksresponded to the crisis and we test existing theories of relationshipbanking. Our empirical analysis confirms the basic prediction of themodel that relationship banks charged a higher spread before the crisis, offered more favorable continuation-lending terms in response tothe crisis, and suffered fewer defaults, thus confirming the informational advantage of relationship banking.

The relationship between fear of falling and foot clearance in older people

Introduction : Fear of falling (FOF) is associated with falls and modifications in gait parameters. Foot clearance during walking is directly linked to tripping and falling. The relationship between FOF and foot Downloaded from http://gerontologist.oxfordjournals.org/ at Université & EPFL Lausanne on January 23, 2013 436 The Gerontological Society of America clearance has never been evaluated. Methods : Participants (N=568, aged 66 to 71 years, 57.2% women) underwent gait parameters measurements using footworn sensors. Specific foot clearance parameters evaluated included maximal and minimal heel and toe clearances and their variability. FOF was assessed using a single question. Results : Overall, 27.4% of the participants reported FOF. Compared to the others, participants with FOF had decreased maximal heel (28.9 vs 30.4 cm, p<.001) and toe clearance (12.5 vs 13.8 cm, p<.001), and decreased minimal toe clearance variability (SD 3.7 vs 4.0 cm, p<.001). Conclusion : These preliminary results suggest a relationship between FOF and foot clearance parameters. Multivariate analyses are underway.

Causal relationship between obesity and vitamin D status: bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis of multiple cohorts.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency, and both are areas of active public health concern. We explored the causality and direction of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] using genetic markers as instrumental variables (IVs) in bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We used information from 21 adult cohorts (up to 42,024 participants) with 12 BMI-related SNPs (combined in an allelic score) to produce an instrument for BMI and four SNPs associated with 25(OH)D (combined in two allelic scores, separately for genes encoding its synthesis or metabolism) as an instrument for vitamin D. Regression estimates for the IVs (allele scores) were generated within-study and pooled by meta-analysis to generate summary effects. Associations between vitamin D scores and BMI were confirmed in the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium (n = 123,864). Each 1 kg/m(2) higher BMI was associated with 1.15% lower 25(OH)D (p = 6.52×10⁻²⁷). The BMI allele score was associated both with BMI (p = 6.30×10⁻⁶²) and 25(OH)D (-0.06% [95% CI -0.10 to -0.02], p = 0.004) in the cohorts that underwent meta-analysis. The two vitamin D allele scores were strongly associated with 25(OH)D (p≤8.07×10⁻⁵⁷ for both scores) but not with BMI (synthesis score, p = 0.88; metabolism score, p = 0.08) in the meta-analysis. A 10% higher genetically instrumented BMI was associated with 4.2% lower 25(OH)D concentrations (IV ratio: -4.2 [95% CI -7.1 to -1.3], p = 0.005). No association was seen for genetically instrumented 25(OH)D with BMI, a finding that was confirmed using data from the GIANT consortium (p≥0.57 for both vitamin D scores). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of a bi-directional genetic approach that limits confounding, our study suggests that a higher BMI leads to lower 25(OH)D, while any effects of lower 25(OH)D increasing BMI are likely to be small. Population level interventions to reduce BMI are expected to decrease the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.

Plaidoyer et réplique de M. Madier de Montjau fils, précédés d'un avant-propos et de l'écrit intitulé : "Madier de Montjau père aux juges de son fils", et suivis des conclusions et de l'arrêt

Comprend : Madier de Montjau père aux juges de son fils...

« La Vie Nostre Dame », en vers, suivie de quelques pièces en son honneur.

Commençant par : « Gloire soit à la Trinité Pere et Filz et Saint Esperit... » et finissant par : « Que de nostre corps et povre ame Vueillez tous jours avoir pitié » . Sur le premier feuillet de garde se trouve un chant royal adressé à Louise de Savoie, en lui offrant le poëme, et dont le refrain est : « Tandiz que le temps dure ».