ANÁLISE DA DENSIDADE ÓPTICA DA SUTURA PALATINA MEDIANA APÓS A EXPANSÃO RÁPIDA DA MAXILA ASSISTIDA CIRURGICAMENTE

A Expansão Rápida da Maxila Assistida Cirurgicamente (ERMAC) é um recurso ortodôntico-cirúrgico utilizado no tratamento das más oclusões com deficiência transversal da maxila em pacientes adultos que apresentam a consolidação da sutura palatina mediana. A proposta neste estudo foi a de avaliar as densidades ópticas da sutura palatina mediana antes da ERMAC (fase I), após o fechamento do parafuso expansor (fase II), após 3 meses do fechamento do parafuso expansor (fase III) e após 6 meses do procedimento cirúrgico. A amostra deste estudo foi constituída por 64 radiografias oclusais de 16 pacientes na faixa etária de 18 a 40 anos, sendo 6 do sexo masculino e 10 do sexo feminino que necessitavam submeter-se à Expansão Rápida da Maxila Assistida Cirurgicamente (ERMAC) e com atresia maxilar superior a 5 mm. Foram obtidas as radiografias oclusais e as imagens digitalizadas das quatro fases do estudo. Duas áreas de interesse foram demarcadas nas imagens digitalizadas, uma entre os incisivos centrais superiores e outra após o término do parafuso expansor. Procedeu-se às leituras das densidades ópticas pelo programa Image Tool for Windows por meio do Histograma. Após a análise estatística dos valores obtidos de densidade óptica das regiões analisadas pela Análise de Variâncias (ANOVA) e comparações múltiplas de Bonferroni (complemento da ANOVA), pode-se concluir que: a densidade óptica na região da sutura palatina mediana nas 4 fases estudadas, apresentou grande variação, compatível com a abertura da referida sutura e posterior neoformação óssea no período pós-operatório; foi observado valor decrescente para as densidades ópticas após o fechamento do parafuso expansor nas regiões A e B ; foi observado que após 3 meses do fechamento do parafuso expansor, as densidades ópticas aumentaram nas regiões A e B . Isso sugeriu neoformação óssea na região da sutura palatina mediana; foi observado que após 6 meses do procedimento cirúrgico, as densidades ópticas aumentaram em relação à fase anterior. Na região A , observou-se que os valores das densidades ópticas não retornaram aos valores pré-tratamento, ou seja, antes da Expansão Rápida da Maxila Assistida Cirurgicamente (ERMAC). Já os valores das densidades ópticas médias da região B retornaram aos valores iniciais, antes da ERMAC. A análise estatística revelou que após 6 meses do procedimento cirúrgico, houve diferença estatisticamente significante ao se avaliar a região A comparando as fases entre si, porém ao se avaliar a região B não houve diferença estatisticamente significante ao se comparar as fases I e IV.

Líneas de investigación experimentales del grupo de dinámica no lineal y fibras ópticas del Instituto de Óptica "Daza de Valdes del CSIC"

Se presenta y describen las líneas de trabajo experimentales que se vienen cultivando en el Grupo de investigación en Dinámica no Lineal y Fibras ópticas, recientemente creado en el Instituto de Óptica del CSIC. We present the experimental lines developed in last years in the Nonlinear Dynamics and Fiber Optics Group (NDFO) of the Optics Institute "Daza de Valdés" (IO-CSIC). © Sociedad Española de Óptica.

Desenvolvimento e calibração de fotômetro solar para medições da profundidade óptica por aerossóis e coluna de água precipitável

Instrumentation is a tool of fundamental importance for research in several areas of human knowledge. Research projects are often unfeasible when data cannot be obtained due to lack of instruments, especially due to impor ting difficulties and the high costs there associated. Thus, in order to collaborate with the enhancement of a national technology, a multiband hand - held sun p hotometer (FSM - 4) was developed to operate in the 500 nm, 670 nm, 870 nm and 940 nm bands. In the 500 nm, 670 nm and 870 nm bands aerosols are monitored for evaluation of the AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth), and the PWC (Precipitable Water Column) is evaluated in the 940 nm band. For the development of the mech anical and electronic parts for the FSM - 4, th e materials and componen ts should combine low cost and quality of the data collected. The calibration process utilized the Langley method (ML) and Modified Langley Method (MLM). These methods are usually applied at high altitudes in order to provide atmosp heric optical stability. This condition however can be found in low height sites as shown in the research by Liu et al. (2010). Thus, for calibration of the FSM - 4, we investigated the atmospher ic optical stability utilizing the ML and MLM at a site in the cit y of Caicó / RN, located in the s emiarid region in northeastern Brazil. This site lies in a region far aw ay from large urban centers and activities generating anthropogenic atmospheric pollution. Data for calibration of the prototype were collected usin g the FSM - 4 in two separate operations during the dry season, one in December 2012 and another in September 2013. The methodologies showed optical atmospheric instability in the studied region through the dispersion of the values obtained for the calibrati on constant. This dispersion is affected by the variability of AOD and PWC during the appl ication of the above mentioned methods . As an alternative to the descr ibed sun photometer calibration , a short study was performed using the sun photometer worldwide network AERONET/NASA (AERsol RObotic NETwork – US Space Agency), installed in Petrolina / PE in Brazil. Data were collected for three days utilizing the AERONET instruments and the FSM - 4, operating simultaneously on the same site. By way of the ML and MLM techniques, convergent test values were obtained for the calibration constants, despite the low amount of data collected. This calibration transfer methodology proved to be a viable alternative to the FSM - 4 calibration .

Utilização da espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo para o controle de qualidade do camarão (Litopenaeus vannamei)

This work was developed with the objective of proposing a simple, fast and versatile methodological routine using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) combined with multivariate analysis for the determination of ash content, moisture, protein and total lipids present in the gray shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei ) which is conventionally performed gravimetrically after ashing at 550 ° C gravimetrically after drying at 105 ° C for the determination of moisture gravimetrically after a Soxhlet extraction using volumetric and after digestion and distillation Kjedhal respectively. Was first collected the spectra of 63 samples processed boiled shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei species. Then, the determinations by conventional standard methods were carried out. The spectra centered average underwent multiplicative scattering correction of light, smoothing Saviztky-Golay 15 points and first derivative, eliminated the noisy region, the working range was from 1100,36 to 2502,37 nm. Thus, the PLS models for predicting ash showed R 0,9471; 0,1017 and RMSEP RMSEC 0,1548; Moisture R was 0,9241; 2,5483 and RMSEP RMSEC 4,1979; R protein to 0,9201; 1,9391 and RMSEP RMSEC 2,7066; for lipids R 0,8801; 0,2827 and RMSEP RMSEC 0,2329 So that the results showed that the relative errors found between the reference method and the NIR were small and satisfactory. These results are an excellent indication that you can use the NIR to these analyzes, which is quite advantageous, since conventional techniques are time consuming, they spend a lot of reagents and involve a number of professionals, which requires a reasonable runtime while after the validation of the methodology execution using NIR reduces all this time to a few minutes, saving reagents, time and without waste generation, and that this is a non-destructive technique.

Aplicação de espectroscopia no infravermelho médio e calibração multivariada para quantificação de adulterantes e teor em biodiesel de óleo de palma com óleo de soja, soja residual e diesel

In this work, it was developed and validated methodologies that were based on the use of Infrared Spectroscopy Mid (MIR) combined with multivariate calibration Square Partial Least (PLS) to quantify adulterants such as soybean oil and residual soybean oil in methyl and ethyl palm biodiesels in the concentration range from 0.25 to 30.00 (%), as well as to determine methyl and ethyl palm biodiesel content in their binary mixtures with diesel in the concentration range from 0.25 to 30.00 (%). The prediction results showed that PLS models constructed are satisfactory. Errors Mean Square Forecast (RMSEP) of adulteration and content determination showed values of 0.2260 (%), with mean error (EM) with values below 1.93 (%). The models also showed a strong correlation between actual and predicted values, staying above 0.99974. No systematic errors were observed, in accordance to ASTM E1655- 05. Thus the built PLS models, may be a promising alternative in the quality control of this fuel for possible adulterations or to content determination.

Determinação de teor de biodieseis de algodão e pinhão manso em misturas com diesel usando espectroscopia no infravermelho médio e quadrados mínimos parciais

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, which can be a total or partial substitute for diesel. Since 2005, this fuel was introduced in the Brazilian energy matrix through Law 11.097 that determines the percentage of biodiesel added to diesel oil as well as monitoring the insertion of this fuel in market. The National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) establish the obligation of adding 7% (v/v) of biodiesel to diesel commercialized in the country, making crucial the analytical control of this content. Therefore, in this study were developed and validated methodologies based on the use of Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (MIR) and Multivariate Calibration by Partial Least Squares (PLS) to quantify the methyl and ethyl biodiesels content of cotton and jatropha in binary blends with diesel at concentration range from 1.00 to 30.00% (v/v), since this is the range specified in standard ABNT NBR 15568. The biodiesels were produced from two routes, using ethanol or methanol, and evaluated according to the parameters: oxidative stability, water content, kinematic viscosity and density, presenting results according to ANP Resolution No. 45/2014. The built PLS models were validated on the basis of ASTM E1655-05 for Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Calibration and ABNT NBR 15568, with satisfactory results due to RMSEP (Root Mean Square Error of Prediction) values below 0.08% (<0.1%), correlation coefficients (R) above 0.9997 and the absence of systematic error (bias). Therefore, the methodologies developed can be a promising alternative in the quality control of this fuel.

Concentración de cationes (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+3+, K+) en semillas de frijol negro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) usando espectroscopia de absorción atómica

Se investiga la concentración de cationes (Ca,Fe,K,Mg),en el frijol negro,(Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Tineco), usando un analizador de absorción atómica. Para tal efecto se procede a secar la muestra y luego se digiere en un medio acido. Se preparan las soluciones standard correspondiente a los cationes que se quiere investigar y luego se comparan estas concentraciones con las concentraciones de los iones en la muestra. El cálculo de la concentración (desconocida), de los cationes en la muestra, se hace por medio de simple aritmética. En este trabajo se reporta la cantidad en p. p. m. de los elementos arriba mencionados, presente en un gramo de la muestra original. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: Fe = 337.5 p. p. m. ; Ca = 150 p. p. m. ; Mg = 150 p. p. m. y K = 4X104p. p. m.

Ciclos econômicos e emissão de CO2 no Brasil: uma análise dinâmica para políticas ambientais ótimas

Este artigo estuda como as políticas ambientais devem responder de forma ótima aos ciclos econômicos no Brasil. Para isso utilizamos um modelo de ciclos reais de negócios (RBC) com externalidades de poluição. Os resultados indicam que o custo de mitigação de emissões de carbono é mais baixo que o da poluição no Brasil, justificando a adoção de políticas restritivas. Além disso, diante de choques de produtividade, o comportamento ótimo é uma política de mitigação pró-cíclica, onde o imposto e o teto de emissões devem aumentar em períodos de expansão da economia e diminuir em períodos de crise. Também definimos uma regra de decisão para a dinâmica da política de mitigação.