The diversity of emergency code telephone numbers in Australian hospitals: the feasibility of an Australian standard emergency code

This study explored the diversity of emergency code telephone numbers currently in use in Australian hospitals and examined the feasibility of a standard emergency code telephone number for all Australian hospitals, based on the United Kingdom experience. An email and telephone convenience survey of Australian hospitals from six states and two territories was conducted. Of the 108 hospitals surveyed, seven did not use a telephone number system and used a button/ pager system to call an emergency. Of the 101 hospitals surveyed that used a telephone number system, 40 different emergency telephone numbers were in place, and in nine hospitals the telephone number used for Code Blue (medical emergency) was different to the telephone number used for other emergency codes. With increasing mobility of staff across hospitals, uniformity of emergency code telephone numbers is required to reduce confusion, potential danger and improve staff response in emergency situations. A single Australian standard emergency telephone number for all Australian hospitals is advocated.

Cyclic GMP modulates stomatal opening induced by natriuretic peptides and immunoreactive analogues

In this paper we demonstrate that compounds that promote stomatal opening such as kinetin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and plant natriuretic peptide immunoanalogues (irPNP) significantly elevate cGMP in guard cell protoplasts. Stomata opened by irPNP are induced to close in the presence of the guanylate cyclase inhibitor, LY 83583. The effect of cGMP on stomatal opening appears to be linked with Ca2+ levels. ANP, irPNP and 8-Br-cGMP all induce stomatal opening and this is inhibited by compounds that lower intracellular Ca2+ levels such as ethylene glycol bis(β-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), ruthenium red and procaine.

Skew arcs and Wagner's [23, 14, 5] code

In 1966, Wagner used computational search methods to construct a  [23,14,5] code. This code has been examined with much interest since that time, in hopes of finding a geometric construction and possible code extensions. In this article, we give a simple geometric construction for Wagner's code and consider extensions of this construction.

Constitutive modelling of drawing and extrusion with cyclic torsion

In the current work, constitutive models are developed to describe the cyclic hardening and softening led by the strain path chaneg.  The contribution of deformation conditions such as drawing and extrusion speed, cyclic rotating angle on the drawing and extrusion force will be investigated.  The development of such constitutive models will provide insight into the optimization of operation conditions to explore the potential of industrial applications.

Codes of ethics in Sweden's largest public sector organizations : communicating the intent of the code within the organization

The aim of the study was to examine the ways that public sector organizations in Sweden communicated the intent of their codes of ethics to their employees. Primary data was obtained via a self-administered mail questionnaire distributed to a census of the top 100 organizations.

The study identified a range of methods used by organizations to integrate the ethos of codes into corporate culture. These methods included communication of the code, company induction of new staff, consequences for a breach of the code, ethical performance, an ethics ombudsman, the support of whistleblowers, a standing ethics committee, ethics education, and an ethics education committee.

Whilst many organizations have instituted ethical behaviour initiatives, activities specifically targeted at exposure, education and support for staff to perform ethically were found to be underdeveloped.

The Code Red epidemic : a case study

An analysis of log files from an immune World Wide Web server was used to discover the patterns of infection from the Code Red worm variants.  Analogies are drawn to biological systems.  The need for protection is commented on.

Our wicked foreign game : why has association football (Soccer) not became the main code of football in Australia?

This essay examines the role of soccer in Australian popular life, emphasizing the game's position of secondary importance to rugby or Australian Rules in different regions. It draws on international comparisons with the USA or white British colonies to argue that in a uniquely multicultural country like Australia with established sporting traditions, domestic experience of the game could shape the past, present and future of soccer in the country. Given the cultural diversity of the state, it should work towards a strategic competitive advantage for the popularization of soccer in contemporary Australia

Influences of steady and cyclic die rotation on the compression of aluminium

A series of experiments are reported for compression of an aluminum cylinder with monotonic and cyclic die rotation. When the die is monotonically rotated, a higher angular velocity or a lower compression speed of the tool leads to a greater load reduction in comparison of that seen with a stationary die. The test results also show that cyclic die rotation causes a cyclic fluctuation in the load-displacement curve. During the die deceleration phase, the compression load increases until it reaches the level obtained in conventional compression with stationary dies. However, the compression load is observed to reduce to levels lower than those obtained in monotonic rotating compression tests during the die acceleration phase. The frequency of rotating direction change seems to affect the position of load peaks only, not the amplitude of the peaks.

First isolation and structural determination of cyclic β-(1→2)-glucans from an alga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa

The aqueous extract of the edible green microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa is of interest because of its immunostimulatory activity. Some components in the extract have been identified previously, namely a unique type of arabinogalactan and a galactofuran. Further fractionation of this extract was accomplished by treating the aqueous solution of the fraction precipitated by addition of 1.5vol of 95% ethanol with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The residue obtained by concentration of the supernatant was fractionated further by anion-exchange chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-100. Two fractions from the latter column were retained, of which one was a starch-like alpha-(1-->4)-linked d-glucan with some alpha-(1-->6) branches, and the other contained a starch plus a mixture of beta-(1-->2)-d-glucans. ESI mass spectrometry was used to show that the mixture contained both cyclic and linear beta-(1-->2)-d-glucans in a cyclic:linear ratio of 64:36, based on intensities of mass spectral peaks. For the cyclic beta-(1-->2)-d-glucans, ring sizes ranged from 18 to 35 monosaccharides with the ring containing 21 glucose units (54% of the cyclic glucans) being greater than three times more abundant than the next most abundant component, the ring containing 22 glucose units (15%). No rings containing 20 glucose units were present. This is the first observation of cyclic beta-(1-->2)-d-glucans in algae, as far as we are aware. For the linear beta-(1-->2)-d-glucans, the component containing 20 glucoses was most abundant (35% of the linear glucans), while the component containing 21 glucose units was the next most abundant (17%). These relatively low-molecular-weight glucans had low immunostimulatory activity.