Improved efficiency by a fluorescent dye in red organic light-emitting devices based on a europium complex

By doping a fluorescent dye in the emissive layer, we realized high efficient red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on a europium complex. The OLEDs realized by this method showed pure red emission at 612 nm with a full width at half maximum Of 3 nm. The Commission International de L'Eclairage Coordination keeps approximately the same as the emission of pure Eu3+. The maximum brightness and EL efficiency reached 2450 cd/m(2) at 20 V and 9.0 cd/A (6.0 lm/w) at a current density of 0.012 mA/cm(2), respectively. At the brightness of 100 cd/m(2), the current efficiency reached 4.4 cd/A.

An efficient electroluminescent (2,2 '-bipyridine mono N-oxide) europium(III) beta-diketonate complex

The multi-layered electroluminescent device consisting of Eu(TTA)(3)(2,2'-bipyridine mono N-oxide) (TTA = 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate) as the red dopant exhibited an impressive current and power efficiency at a brightness of 100 cd m(-2) and voltage-independent spectral stability.

Stereoselective polymerization of rac-lactide with a bulky aluminum/Schiff base complex

An aluminum/Schiff base complex {[2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylenebis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneiminato)](isopropanolato)aluminum(III) (2)} based on a bulky ligand and aluminum isopropoxide was prepared and employed for the stereoselective ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of rac-lactide (rac-LA). The initiator was characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), crystal structure measurements, and elemental analysis. It contained a five-coordinate aluminum atom that was trigonal bipyramidal in the solid state according to the crystal structure measurements. The two conformational stereoisomers of 2 exchanged quickly on the NMR scale. Compound 2 polymerized rac-LA into a crystalline polymer that was characterized with H-1 NMR, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and gel permeation chromatography. The kinetics of the polymerization were first-order in both the monomer and initiator, and there was a linear relationship between the rac-LA conversion and the number-average molecular weight of poly(rac-LA) with a narrow molecular distribution (1.04-1.08). These features showed that the polymerization was well controlled. The high melting temperature (196-201 degreesC) and isotacticity of poly(rac-LA) indicated that complex 2 was a highly stereoselective initiator for the ROP of rac-LA.

Stereoselective polymerization of rac-lactide using a monoethylaluminum Schiff base complex

A monoethylaluminum Schiff base complex (2) with formula LA1Et (L = N,N'-(2,2-dimethylpropylene)bis(3,5-di-tei-t-butylsalicylideneimine) was synthesized and employed for the stercoselective ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide (rac-LA). The complex 2 was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, crystal structure, and elemental analysis. It contains a five-coordinate aluminum atom with distorted trigonal bipyramidal geornetry in the solid state. In the presence of 2-propanol, 2 showed high stereoselectivity for the polymerization of rac-LA. The polymerization yielded crystalline poly(rac-LA) with a high melting temperature (193-201 degreesC). NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction indicated that the poly(rac-LA) was highly isotactic, and a stereocomplex was formed between poly-L- and poly-D-lactide block sequences. By the analysis of electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry and H-1 NMR, the polymer was demonstrated to be endcapped in both terminals with an isopropyl ester and a hydroxy group, respectively. The polymerization was of first order in rac-LA concentration. The relationship between the rac-LA conversion and molecular weights of the polymer was linear so that the polymerization could be well controlled.

In situ synthesis of monodisperse luminescent terbium complex-silica nanocomposites

A facile strategy for the in situ synthesis of terbium complex-silica nanocomposites is described. The resultant spherical nanocomposites possess good monodispersity and exhibit luminescent properties of terbium complex.

Crystal structure and luminescent properties of the complex [Eu(III)(TFPB)(3)bpy]

The crystal structure of Eu(TFPB)(3)bpy [TFPB: 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione, bpy: 2,2'-bipyridyl] has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction and the coordination geometry of Eu atom is a square antiprism. The complex can give the characteristic luminescence of Eu3+ upon UV excitation.

Triboluminescence of a new europate complex

A new europium (III) complex Eu(HFNH)(3)Phen (HFNH: 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6-heptafluoro-1-(2-naphthyl) hexane-1,3-dione; phen: 1, 10-phenanthroline) was synthesized and its triboltuninescent phenomenon was observed. Photoluminescence and triboluminescence spectra were successfully determined. The most intense triboluminescent emission originates front the transition of the, central Eu3+ ion from D-5(0) level to F-7(2) level. The triboluminescent spectrum is basically similar to that of photoluminescence, which correlates with the disorders of F atoms.

Electrolummescence from (5)Do -> F-7(J) and D-5(1) -> F-7(J) (J=0-4) transitions with a europium complex as emitter

Electroluminescence (EL) devices with Eu(HTH)(3)phen [HTH: 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-hexanedione, phen: I 10-phenanthroline] as an emissive centre were fabricated using vacuum evaporation. In addition to the Eu3+ 5D0 --> F-7(J) (J = 0-4) lines that were visible in the photoluminescence signal, the device also showed strong emission from the D-5(1) --> F-7(J) (J = 0-4) transitions. The enhanced emission from the D-5(1) F-7(J) (J = 0-4) transitions was attributed to the increased excitation intensity in the EL device. The luminescence lifetimes of the 5 D, and 5 Do levels were measured to be 0.6 mus and 866 mus, respectively.

Electrodepositing redox polymer on sandwich complex for the improvement of sensitivity in sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay

Improvement of the sensitivity of electrochemical sandwich enzyme immunoassay has been achieved by electrodepositing redox polymer on screen-printed carbon electrode surface, on which the sandwich complex was formed.

The complex kinetics of protein folding in wide temperature ranges

The complex protein folding kinetics in wide temperature ranges is studied through diffusive dynamics on the underlying energy landscape. The well-known kinetic chevron rollover behavior is recovered from the mean first passage time, with the U-shape dependence on temperature. The fastest folding temperature T-0 is found to be smaller than the folding transition temperature T-f. We found that the fluctuations of the kinetics through the distribution of first passage time show rather universal behavior, from high-temperature exponential Poissonian kinetics to the relatively low-temperature highly nonexponential kinetics. The transition temperature is at T-k and T-0, T-k, T-f. In certain low-temperature regimes, a power law behavior at long time emerges. At very low temperatures ( lower than trapping transition temperature T< T-0/(4&SIM;6)), the kinetics is an exponential Poissonian process again.

Gadolinium heteropoly complex K-17[Gd(P2W17O61)(2)] as a potential MRI contrast agent

Gadolinium heteropoly complex K-17[Gd(P2W17O61)(2)] has been evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments as a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The thermal analysis and conductivity study indicate that this complex has good thermal stability and wide pH stability range. The T-1 relaxivity is 7.59 mM(-1) s(-1) in aqueous solution and 7.97 mM(-1) s(-1) in 0.725 mmol l(-1) bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution at 25degreesC and 9.39 T, respectively. MR imaging of three male Sprague-Dawley rats showed remarkable enhancement in rat liver after intravenous injection, which persisted longer than with Gd-DTPA. The signal intensity increased by 57.1 +/- 16.9% during the whole imaging period at 0.082 mmol kg(-1) dose. Our preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that K-17[Gd(P2W17O61)(2)] is a potential liver-specific MRI contrast agent.

Reversible B/Z-DNA transition under the low salt condition and non-B-form polydApolydT selectivity by a cubane-like europium-L-aspartic acid complex

We report here that a cubane-like europium-L-aspartic acid complex at physiological pH can discriminate between DNA structures as judged by the comparison of thermal denaturation, binding stoichiometry, temperature-dependent fluorescence enhancement, and circular dichroism and gel electrophoresis studies. This complex can selectively stabilize non-B-form DNA polydApolydT but destabilize polydGdCpolydGdC and polydAdTpolydAdT. Further studies show that this complex can convert B-form polydGdCpolydGdC to Z-form under the low salt condition at physiological temperature 37 degrees C, and the transition is reversible, similar to RNA polymerase, which turns unwound DNA into Z-DNA and converts it back to B-DNA after transcription. The potential uses of a left-handed helix-selective probe in biology are obvious. Z-DNA is a transient structure and does not exist as a stable feature of the double helix. Therefore, probing this transient structure with a metal-amino acid complex under the low salt condition at physiological temperature would provide insights into their transitions in vivo and are of great interest.

PolydA and polyrA self-structured by a europium and amino acid complex

Different DNA selectivity was found for the newly synthesized europium-L-valine complex. Unexpected DNA and RNA selection results showed that europium-L-valine complex can cause single-stranded polydA and polyrA to self-structure. The sigmoidal melting curve profiles indicate the transition is cooperative, similar to the cooperative melting of a duplex DNA. This is different from another europium amino acid complex, europium-L-aspartic acid complex which can induce B-Z transition under the low salt condition. To our knowledge, there is no report to show that a metal-amino acid complex can cause the self-structuring of single-stranded DNA and RNA.

Relaxation behavior of polymer blends with complex morphologies: Palierne emulsion model for uncompatibilized and compatibilized PP/PA6 blends

This paper deals with the dynamic rheological behavior of polypropylene/polyamide6 (PP/PA6) uncompatibilized blends and those compatibilized with a maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP/PP-g-MAH/PA6). The terminal relaxation times of the blends predicted by the Palierne emulsion model were compared with those obtained from experimental relaxation time spectra. The Palierne model succeeded well in describing PP/PA6 uncompatibilized blends with relatively low dispersed phase contents (10 wt%) and failed doing so for those of which the dispersed contents were high (30 wt%). It also failed for the compatibilized ones, irrespective of the dispersed phase content (10 or 30 wt%) and whether or not interface relaxation was taken into consideration. In the case of the uncompatibilized blend with high dispersed-phase content, interconnections among inclusions of the dispersed phase were responsible for the failure of the Palierne model. As for the compatiblized blends, in addition to particle interconnections, the existence of emulsion-in-emulsion (EE) structures was another factor responsible for the failure of Palieme model.

The first synthesis of a water-soluble alpha-cyclodextrin/C-60 supramolecular complex using anionic C-60 as a building block

A novel supramolecular inclusion complex of alpha-CD/C-60 was synthesized using anionic C-60. The reaction progress was monitored in situ by visible and near-IR spectroscopy. The obtained complex was characterized by UV-vis, C-13 NMR, MALDI-TOF, and cyclic voltammetry. The induction and dispersion forces are considered to be the major driving forces for the formation of a resulting alpha-CD/C-60(.-) inclusion complex.