Estudo sobre início precoce da atividade sexual em adolescentes no Distrito Simão Campos - São João da Ponte, MG

Homens e mulheres têm iniciado sua vida sexual, em grande parte, na adolescência e de formas um tanto diferenciadas. As práticas sexuais na juventude têm sido descritas como dinâmicas e em constantes transformações, sendo que seus perfis podem acarretar impacto importante na vida reprodutiva dos jovens. Gestações indesejadas, aquisição de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, uso de drogas e violência envolvem sérias implicações, limitando ou adiando o desenvolvimento e engajamento dos adolescentes na sociedade. Ao assumir comportamentos de risco, os adolescentes geralmente têm seus projetos de vida alterados, o que pode contribuir para o abandono escolar e a perpetuação dos ciclos de pobreza. Ao realizar o diagnóstico situacional da ESF Simão Campos notou-se que os adolescentes iniciam atividade sexual precocemente, sem os cuidados necessários. A imaturidade dos adolescentes e os riscos associados à prática de sexo sem proteção demandam preocupação da equipe de saúde da família. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é elaborar um projeto com vistas à redução do início precoce da atividade sexual em adolescentes. Para realização do trabalho foi utilizado o método de Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES), onde primeiramente foi feito o diagnóstico/análise situacional em saúde. O problema foi definido utilizando a Estimativa Rápida. Em seguida foi elaborado um plano de ação para intervenção e enfrentamento do problema. Este plano é aplicável, pois possui os recursos necessários para realização e superação dos nós críticos. É reconhecido por todos que, no momento atual, a educação sexual se faz impostergável, por sua influência na formação integral da criança e do adolescente. A omissão, diante desta evidência, trará repercussões que podem comprometer não só o presente como o futuro das gerações.

Proposta de intervenção para a implementação de medidas preventivas da hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus na unidade de saúde da família III - Martinho Campos/MG

A hipertensão arterial sistêmica e a diabetes mellitus, devem ser consideradas um problema de saúde pública. Constituem se em importantes fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Ressalta-se que grande parte do hipertensos e diabéticos desconhecem a sua situação, situação que pode levar á presença de complicações nos pacientes. O projeto de intervenção propõe a criação de grupos operativos criados pelos integrantes do Programa Saúde da Família 03 de Martinho Campos, visando com sua implementação a diminuição de diagnósticos tardios de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus. Foi realizado um cadastro dos pacientes com diagnóstico de diabetes e hipertensão arterial adscritos na unidade básica de saúde. Criando grupos de diabéticos e o grupo de hipertensos, os quais serão capacitados pelo médico e enfermeira.

Intervenção educativa no controle da hipertensão arterial sistêmica na Unidade Básica de Saúde Agnaldo Cavalcante Machado - município São Miguel dos Campos

As doenças cardiovasculares são importantes causas de alta morbidade e mortalidade e aumentam progressivamente com o número crescente de pessoas com pressão arterial elevada, gerando altos custos sociais e econômicos. A hipertensão arterial sistêmica tem alta prevalência entre a população, entretanto as taxas de seu controle são baixas. O controle adequado dos pacientes com hipertensão deve constituir-se uma das prioridades das ações básicas de saúde, pois o diagnóstico precoce, o bom controle e o tratamento adequado são fundamentais para a redução das complicações da doença. Este trabalho é um projeto de intervenção a ser aplicado pela Equipe de Saúde da Família Agnaldo Cavalcante Machado no município de São Miguel dos Campos - Alagoas. Tem como objetivo elaborar um plano de intervenção com vistas a orientar a população sobre as medidas e ações necessárias para diminuir a incidência da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e de suas complicações. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram o diagnóstico situacional de saúde, uma revisão sucinta da literatura sobre o tema e o projeto de intervenção, seguindo os passos propostos pelo método do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional. O plano de ação proposto tem por finalidade a abordagem da hipertensão como doença crônica, aumento da adesão da população à mudança de estilo de vida e hábitos alimentares inadequados, assim como o uso correto das medicações. Estimulando a autonomia da pessoa em relação ao seu estado de saúde, espera-se contribuir para que a população da área de abrangência da equipe de saúde adquira melhores condições de saúde e de vida

Dna Extraction From Filter-paper Spots Of Vaginal Samples Collected After Sexual Violence.

To detect the presence of male DNA in vaginal samples collected from survivors of sexual violence and stored on filter paper. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate 10 vaginal samples spotted on sterile filter paper: 6 collected at random in April 2009 and 4 in October 2010. Time between sexual assault and sample collection was 4-48hours. After drying at room temperature, the samples were placed in a sterile envelope and stored for 2-3years until processing. DNA extraction was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction for human β-globin, and the presence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was quantified. The presence of the Y chromosome was detected using primers for sequences in the TSPY (Y7/Y8 and DYS14) and SRY genes. β-Globin was detected in all 10 samples, while 2 samples were positive for PSA. Half of the samples amplified the Y7/Y8 and DYS14 sequences of the TSPY gene and 30% amplified the SRY gene sequence of the Y chromosome. Four male samples and 1 female sample served as controls. Filter-paper spots stored for periods of up to 3years proved adequate for preserving genetic material from vaginal samples collected following sexual violence.

Structural Connectivity Of The Default Mode Network And Cognition In Alzheimer׳s Disease.

Disconnectivity between the Default Mode Network (DMN) nodes can cause clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer׳s disease (AD). We aimed to examine the structural connectivity between DMN nodes, to verify the extent in which white matter disconnection affects cognitive performance. MRI data of 76 subjects (25 mild AD, 21 amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment subjects and 30 controls) were acquired on a 3.0T scanner. ExploreDTI software (fractional Anisotropy threshold=0.25 and the angular threshold=60°) calculated axial, radial, and mean diffusivities, fractional anisotropy and streamline count. AD patients showed lower fractional anisotropy (P=0.01) and streamline count (P=0.029), and higher radial diffusivity (P=0.014) than controls in the cingulum. After correction for white matter atrophy, only fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity remained significantly lower in AD compared to controls (P=0.003 and P=0.05). In the parahippocampal bundle, AD patients had lower mean and radial diffusivities (P=0.048 and P=0.013) compared to controls, from which only radial diffusivity survived for white matter adjustment (P=0.05). Regression models revealed that cognitive performance is also accounted for by white matter microstructural values. Structural connectivity within the DMN is important to the execution of high-complexity tasks, probably due to its relevant role in the integration of the network.

Comparison Of The Solution Of Histidine-tryptophan-alfacetoglutarate With Histidine-tryptophan-glutamate As Cardioplegic Agents In Isolated Rat Hearts: An Immunohistochemical Study.

Cardiac arrest during heart surgery is a common procedure and allows the surgeon to perform surgical procedures in an environment free of blood and movement. Using a model of isolated rat heart, the authors compare a new cardioplegic solution containing histidine-tryptophan-glutamate (group 2) with the histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate (group 1) routinely used by some cardiac surgeons. To assess caspase, IL-8 and KI-67 in isolated rat hearts using immunohistochemistry. 20 Wistar male rats were anesthetized and heparinized. The chest was opened, cardioctomy was performed and 40 ml/kg of the appropriate cardioplegic solution was infused. The hearts were kept for 2 hours at 4ºC in the same solution, and thereafter, placed in the Langendorff apparatus for 30 minutes with Ringer-Locke solution. Immunohistochemistry analysis of caspase, IL-8, and KI-67 were performed. The concentration of caspase was lower in group 2 and Ki-67 was higher in group 2, both P<0.05. There was no statistical difference between the values of IL-8 between the groups. Histidine-tryptophan-glutamate solution was better than histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate solution because it reduced caspase (apoptosis), increased KI-67 (cell proliferation), and showed no difference in IL-8 levels compared to group 1. This suggests that the histidine-tryptophan-glutamate solution was more efficient than the histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate for the preservation of hearts of rat cardiomyocytes.

High Diagnostic Accuracy And Reproducibility Of Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology For Diagnosing Salivary Gland Tumors: Cytohistologic Correlation In 182 Cases.

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and reproducibility of the cytologic diagnosis of salivary gland tumors (SGTs) using fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The study aimed to determine diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity and to evaluate the extent of interobserver agreement. We retrospectively evaluated SGTs from the files of the Division of Pathology at the Clinics Hospital of São Paulo and Piracicaba Dental School between 2000 and 2006. We performed cytohistologic correlation in 182 SGTs. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were 94%, 100%, 100%, 100%, and 99%, respectively. The interobserver cytologic reproducibility showed significant statistical concordance (P < .0001). FNAC is an effective tool for performing a reliable preoperative diagnosis in SGTs and shows high diagnostic accuracy and consistent interobserver reproducibility. Further FNAC studies analyzing large samples of malignant SGTs and reactive salivary lesions are needed to confirm their accuracy.

Growth And Body Composition In Brazilian Female Rhythmic Gymnastics Athletes.

The aim was to analyse the physical growth and body composition of rhythmic gymnastics athletes relative to their level of somatic maturation. This was a cross-sectional study of 136 athletes on 23 teams from Brazil. Mass, standing height and sitting height were measured. Fat-free and fat masses, body fat percentages and ages of the predicted peak height velocity (PHV) were calculated. The z scores for mass were negative during all ages according to both WHO and Brazilian references, and that for standing height were also negative for all ages according to WHO reference but only until 12 years old according to Brazilian reference. The mean age of the predicted PHV was 12.1 years. The mean mass, standing and sitting heights, body fat percentage, fat-free mass and fat mass increased significantly until 4 to 5 years after the age of the PHV. Menarche was reached in only 26% of these athletes and mean age was 13.2 years. The mass was below the national reference standards, and the standing height was below only for the international reference, but they also had late recovery of mass and standing height during puberty. In conclusion, these athletes had a potential to gain mass and standing height several years after PHV, indicating late maturation.

Focal Osteoporotic Bone Marrow Defect Mimicking A Mandibular Cystic Lesion.

An unusual presentation of a focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect (FOBMD) of the mandible mimicking a cystic lesion is documented. A definitive diagnosis could be established only on the basis of the histopathologic evaluation. A 66-year-old Brazilian woman was referred by her dentist for well-defined radiolucency of the mandibular molar region suggesting a cystic lesion of odontogenic origin. The computed tomography scan confirmed that the lesion did not affect the corticals. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of FOBMD. The diagnostic difficulty in the current case is obvious, because FOBMD, usually exhibiting an ill-defined radiolucency, is seldom suspected preoperatively when a differential diagnosis is considered for focal well-defined radiolucent areas in the jaws.

Doehlert Design-desirability Function Multi-criteria Optimal Separation Of 17 Phenolic Compounds From Extra-virgin Olive Oil By Capillary Zone Electrophoresis.

In Brazil, the consumption of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) is increasing annually, but there are no experimental studies concerning the phenolic compound contents of commercial EVOO. The aim of this work was to optimise the separation of 17 phenolic compounds already detected in EVOO. A Doehlert matrix experimental design was used, evaluating the effects of pH and electrolyte concentration. Resolution, runtime and migration time relative standard deviation values were evaluated. Derringer's desirability function was used to simultaneously optimise all 37 responses. The 17 peaks were separated in 19min using a fused-silica capillary (50μm internal diameter, 72cm of effective length) with an extended light path and 101.3mmolL(-1) of boric acid electrolyte (pH 9.15, 30kV). The method was validated and applied to 15 EVOO samples found in Brazilian supermarkets.