N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as a noninvasive marker for restrictive syndromes

Constrictive pericarditis (CP) and restrictive cardiomyopathy share many similarities in both their clinical and hemodynamic characteristics and N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a sensitive marker of cardiac diastolic dysfunction. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether serum NT-proBNP was high in patients with endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) and CP, and to investigate how this relates to diastolic dysfunction. Thirty-three patients were divided into two groups: CP (16 patients) and EMF (17 patients). The control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals. Patients were evaluated by bidimensional echocardiography, with restriction syndrome evaluated by pulsed Doppler of the mitral flow and serum NT-proBNP measured by immunoassay and detected by electrochemiluminescence. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the association between log NT-proBNP and echocardiographic parameters. Log NT-proBNP was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in CP patients (log mean: 2.67 pg/mL; 95%CI: 2.43-2.92 log pg/mL) and in EMF patients (log mean: 2.91 pg/mL; 95%CI: 2.70-3.12 log pg/mL) compared with the control group (log mean: 1.45; 95%CI: 1.32-1.60 log pg/mL). There were no statistical differences between EMF and CP patients (P = 0.689) in terms of NT-proBNP. The NT-proBNP log tended to correlate with peak velocity of the E wave (r = 0.439; P = 0.060, but not with A wave (r = -0.399; P = 0.112). Serum NT-proBNP concentration can be used as a marker to detect the presence of diastolic dysfunction in patients with restrictive syndrome; however, serum NT-proBNP levels cannot be used to differentiate restrictive cardiomyopathy from CP.

Meditationes sancti evangelii 5

Invokaatio: Deo duce.

High-frequency electroacupuncture versus carprofen in an incisional pain model in rats

The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and carprofen (CP) on postoperative incisional pain using the plantar incision (PI) model in rats. A 1-cm longitudinal incision was made through skin, fascia and muscles of a hind paw of male Wistar rats and the development of mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity was determined over 4 days using the von Frey and Hargreaves methods, respectively. Based on the experimental treatments received on the third postoperative day, the animals were divided into the following groups: PI+CP (CP, 2 mg/kg, po); PI+EAST36 (100-Hz EA applied bilaterally at the Zusanli point (ST36)); PI+EANP (EA applied to a non-acupoint region); PI+IMMO (immobilization only); PI (vehicle). In the von Frey test, the PI+EAST36 group had higher withdrawal force thresholds in response to mechanical stimuli than the PI, PI+IMMO and PI+EANP groups at several times studied. Furthermore, the PI+EAST36 group showed paw withdrawal thresholds in response to mechanical stimuli that were similar to those of the PI+CP group. In the Hargreaves test, all groups had latencies higher than those observed with PI. The PI+EAST36 group was similar to the PI+IMMO, PI+EANP and PI+CP groups. We conclude that 100-Hz EA at the ST36 point, but not at non-acupoints, can reduce mechanical nociception in the rat model of incisional pain, and its effectiveness is comparable to that of carprofen.

Effects of melatonin on DNA damage induced by cyclophosphamide in rats

The antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties of melatonin have been well described in the literature. In this study, our objective was to determine the protective effect of the pineal gland hormone against the DNA damage induced by cyclophosphamide (CP), an anti-tumor agent that is widely applied in clinical practice. DNA damage was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of CP (20 or 50 mg/kg). Animals received melatonin during the dark period for 15 days (1 mg/kg in the drinking water). Rat bone marrow cells were used for the determination of chromosomal aberrations and of formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase enzyme (Fpg)-sensitive sites by the comet technique and ofXpf mRNA expression by qRT-PCR. The number (mean ± SE) of chromosomal aberrations in pinealectomized (PINX) animals treated with melatonin and CP (2.50 ± 0.50/100 cells) was lower than that obtained for PINX animals injected with CP (12 ± 1.8/100 cells), thus showing a reduction of 85.8% in the number of chromosomal aberrations. This melatonin-mediated protection was also observed when oxidative lesions were analyzed by the Fpg-sensitive assay, both 24 and 48 h after CP administration. The expression of Xpf mRNA, which is involved in the DNA nucleotide excision repair machinery, was up-regulated by melatonin. The results indicate that melatonin is able to protect bone marrow cells by completely blocking CP-induced chromosome aberrations. Therefore, melatonin administration could be an alternative and effective treatment during chemotherapy.

Caracterização de propriedades mecânicas e óticas de biofilmes a base de proteínas miofibrilares de tilápia do nilo usando uma metodologia de superfície-resposta

Biopolímeros como polissacarídeos e proteínas, têm despertado interesse recentemente, como matérias primas para embalagens comestíveis e/ou biodegradáveis. Os materiais a serem desenvolvidos devem possuir boas propriedades mecânicas e aparência, para proteger e apresentar o produto embalado. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização das propriedades mecânicas e óticas de biofilmes à base de proteínas miofibrilares de tilápia-do-nilo, em função do pH (2,0-3,0), da concentração de proteína (Cp= 0,5-2,0g/100g solução) e do teor de glicerol (Cg= 30-70g/100g proteína) da solução filmogênica (SF). Foram determinadas a força e a deformação na ruptura por teste de perfuração e a opacidade aparente através de espectrofotometria, à 22ºC e umidade relativa ambiente. Os biofilmes obtidos nessas condições de ensaio apresentaram-se manuseáveis e transparentes. A força e a deformação na ruptura apresentaram comportamentos opostos em função da Cg (pH= 2,5 e Cp= 1,25 g/100g solução): a variação da Cg de 30 a 70% provocou uma variação na força e na deformação na ruptura entre 6,67N e 2,94N e 2,71% e 7,5%, respectivamente. A Cg e o pH exercem influência significativa sobre a força na ruptura (p< 0,05). Porém nenhum dos fatores estudados demonstrou ter influência significativa sobre a deformação na ruptura ou sobre a opacidade aparente dos biofilmes.

Comportamento do óleo de soja refinado utilizado em fritura por imersão com alimentos de origem vegetal

A fritura é uma operação que confere aos alimentos características de odor, sabor, cor e textura de grande aceitabilidade sensorial. O óleo ou gordura pode, entretanto, se tornar um ingrediente capaz de introduzir alterações químicas provocadas pelo aquecimento prolongado. Neste trabalho, estudou-se o comportamento do óleo de soja refinado em fritura de imersão intermitente, em restaurante universitário, sob temperatura controlada entre 170ºC e 180ºC, por um período de 30 horas. Foram utilizados 101 litros de óleo de soja para processar 373kg de vegetais, como batata, couve-flor, abobrinha e mandioca. Analisou-se o óleo mediante determinações físicas de absortividade no u.v. (A232nm e A270nm) e cor (Lovibond), e químicas (índice de acidez (IA) e compostos polares (CP)). Análise sensorial de aceitabilidade foi realizada nos produtos. Os parâmetros-limite que determinaram o descarte do óleo foram: 25% de compostos polares, 1% de ácidos graxos livres e média de 7,0 para o teste de aceitabilidade. Os resultados ao final do período foram: IA, 0,282; CP, 18,8%; cor Lovibond 14Y/2R; A232nm de 9,213; A270nm de 2,409 e 7,96 para o teste de aceitabilidade. Com base nos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que, apesar do aquecimento do óleo ter levado a alterações hidrolíticas e oxidativas, os parâmetros não atingiram o nível de descarte, indicando que o óleo de soja submetido a essas condições de fritura pode ser usado por 30 horas.

Nutrients in the cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaf meal at three ages of the plant

The high number of cassava cultivars adapted to many different regions provides a wide variation in the chemical composition of cassava leaves meal (CLM). Therefore, the contents of some nutrients in CLM from five cultivars at three ages of the plant were investigated in order to select the cultivars and ages with superior levels of these nutrients. When the plants were 12 months old, the highest levels of crude protein (CP), beta-carotene, iron, magnesium, phosphorus and sulfur were observed. The IAC 289-70 cv. showed the highest levels of magnesium, as well as considerable contents of CP, beta-carotene, iron, zinc and sulfur, which did not differ statistically from the cultivars showing the highest levels of these nutrients.

Collective redundancies in the State of California of the United States and in the Republic of Finland. Procedures and Provisions

Video games industry has recently bonded California and Finland in a new way and where the employers are recruiting they also need to be aware of the provisions and procedures related to terminations. In general, collective dismissals are on a relatively high level both in Finland and in California. In California, collective redundancies are regulated under the WARN law. The WARN obligates employers with 75 or more employees to give a 60-day notice prior to a mass lay off and some other similar events. Employers with less than 75 employees are free to administer the terminations without the WARN notice period. Generally, the California at-will presumption allows employment relationship to be terminated any day with or without reason and without notice period if conditions of collective agreements or employment contract do not limit this right. Termination cannot anyhow be in violation of the anti-discrimination law. In Finland the termination related provisions are part of the Employment Contracts Act and the Act on Co-operation within Undertakings. Collective redundancies are allowed under financial and production related grounds. Small employers with less than 20 employees follow the termination provisions of the Employment Contracts Act and are obligated to inform the employee to be terminated on the details of the termination itself and also the services of the Employment and Economic Development Office. Employers with 20 or more employees are to initiate co-operation procedure under the Act on Co-operation within Undertakings when reducing personnel. The co- operation negotiations are to inform employees on the employer’s plans and financial situation as well as to involve them in the decision making regarding the terminations. The employer’s duty to inform the employees of the services of Employment and Economic Development Office needs to be fulfilled also in terminations under the co-operation procedure. Discrimination is prohibited in Finland in terminations of employment. As an alternative for terminations, employees can for example be transferred to another position or be temporarily laid off. Employer’s duties related to search of alternatives for layoff are broader in Finland than in California. The recent development of the labor laws in Finland and in California suggests that the labor law is not static in either one of these environments but changes can be expected as the needs of the business life so require.