1000 resultados para Arvores - Crescimento
Resumo:
O pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas L.) é encontrado em quase todas as regiões intertropicais do planeta, sendo adaptável a condições edafoclimáticas da região Nordeste até São Paulo e Paraná. Objetivou-se através do presente trabalho avaliar o comportamento de sementes e mudas de pinhão-manso quando submetidas à condição de estresse salino. Para isso foram conduzidos dois experimentos, sendo o primeiro realizado em condições de laboratório e o segundo em campo. Para o primeiro experimento as sementes de pinhão-manso, dos dois lotes foram submetidas a diferentes concentrações de cloreto de sódio, obtidas da dissolução de cloreto de sódio em água destilada, obtendo as condutividades elétricas de 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, dS.m-1, constituindo os tratamentos. No experimento II as mudas foram obtidas através da semeadura em vaso, e foram utilizados como tratamentos as concentrações 2, 4, e 6 dS.m-1; como controle foi utilizado água destilada para os dois experimento. Sementes de pinhão-manso sofrem atraso no processo germinativo, devido a condições de salinidade. Há redução no crescimento das plântulas quando submetidas à solução de NaCl com condutividade elétrica de 6 dS.m-1. Dessa forma, a condição de estresse salino interfere nos processos fisiológicos das sementes de pinhão-manso.
Resumo:
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações salinas na água de irrigação na emergência e desenvolvimento inicial de plântulas de flamboyant (Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf.). O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido - UFERSA, Mossoró-RN. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, com 25 sementes cada. Os tratamentos consistiram das concentrações salinas (0,5; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1), que foram obtidas através da adição de NaCl em água de forma que as soluções fossem calibradas para as condutividades elétricas pré-estabelecidas. As variáveis avaliadas foram: porcentagem de emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, área foliar, altura de plântula, número de folíolos, comprimento de raiz e massa seca da parte aérea. A salinidade interfere negativamente em todas as variáveis avaliadas de forma proporcional ao seu aumento na água de irrigação das plântulas de flamboyant, sendo o maior desenvolvimento das plântulas obtido na dose 0,5 dS m-1.
Resumo:
Objetivou-se nesse estudo avaliar o papel atenuador da espermidina exógena sobre a germinação, vigor de sementes e crescimento de plântulas de cultivares das forrageiras alfafa, guandu e labe-labe submetidas ao estresse salino. A semeadura foi realizada em caixas de plástico tipo "gerbox" forradas com papel de filtro umedecidos com soluções salinas nas concentrações de 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 120 mM de NaCl contendo 0 ou 0,5 mM de espermidina. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 6 x 2 (forrageiras x salinidade x espermidina) com cinco repetições de 25 sementes. As avaliações da germinação foram realizadas no quarto e décimo dias, juntamente com o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), avaliado até o nono dia após a semeadura. Determinou-se a concentração salina que reduz em 50% a germinação e a massa seca da parte aérea e raiz no décimo dia após a semeadura. A aplicação de espermidina exógena proporcionou maior acúmulo de massa seca das raízes de labe-labe cv. Rongai, além de ter possibilitado a germinação de 50% das sementes de guandu cv. Caqui até a concentração salina de 72,09 mM de NaCl, assim como maior IVG nas sementes das leguminosas alfafa cv. Crioula e labe-labe cv. Rongai.
Resumo:
This paper analyzes the growth of the firm by foreign trade. The theory of Adrian Wood is revisited for the analysis of growth and profit trade-off and improved to cope with growth by exports. The main outcome of this paper is that low domestic demand can be a very important factor to firm choices growth by foreign market. However, the growth of domestic demand does not necessarily reduce exports.
Resumo:
China: long-run economic growth. The paper aims to understand on theoretical and empirical grounds the main determinants of China´s long run growth. The econometric analysis suggests the exchange rate as the most important variable in explaining China´s economic growth and in a different model specification using growth rates of exports instead of trade openness, the exchange rate remains as the main variable but export performance has almost the same relevance. Exchange rate policy seems to be a direct road to explain economic growth in China and there is no clear sign that China will increase exchange rate flexibility in the same pattern and pace suggested by most trade partners, which cannot be criticized based on China´s own interest in sustaining its export performance and economic growth.
Resumo:
In this paper, we analyze the relationship between the land market failures and the economic growth in Brazil, starting from an overlapping model including two sectors: agricultural and industrial. The land is both a specific factor for agriculture and an asset that can be substituted to the capital used in industry. The trade-off between land and capital holding depends, among other factors, on the transaction costs on the land market. These costs result from land insecurity and generate a decrease in the land price that favors capital accumulation. Two assumptions follow from our model: one the one hand, land insecurity has a negative effect on the land price; one the other hand it has a positive effect on economic growth. These two hypotheses are tested on panel data for Brazilian Federation. The econometric results do not reject our hypothesis.
Resumo:
Why foreign saving fail to cause growth. The present paper is a formalization of the critique of the growth with foreign savings strategy. Although medium income countries are capital poor, current account deficits (foreign savings), financed either by loans or by foreign direct investments, will not usually increase the rate of capital accumulation or will have little impact on it in so far as current account deficits will be associated with appreciated exchange rates, artificially increased real wages and salaries and high consumption levels. In consequence, the rate of substitution of foreign savings for domestic savings will be relatively high, and the country will get indebted to consume, not to invest and grow. Only when there are large investment opportunities, stimulated by a sizeable difference between the expected profit rate and the long term interest rate, the marginal propensity to consume will get down enough so that the additional income originated from foreign capital flows will be used for investment rather than for consumption. In this special case, the rate of substitution of foreign for domestic savings tend to be small, and foreign savings will contribute positively to growth.
Resumo:
The purpose of this article is to survey the main papers that founded a kaleckian approach of the economic growth. It presents a certain moment of the historical evolution of the non-neoclassical macrodynamics. This analysis can be understood under the political economy tradition in putting together social classes (capitalists and workers), distributive conflict and the relationship between distribution and accumulation.
Resumo:
The aim of this paper is to carry out an empirical analysis about the relation between Capital Account Liberalization and Economic Growth having as object of study the experience of 16 countries of Latin America with annual data for the period 1986-2000. The econometrical calculations do not corroborate the hypothesis that the liberalization of Capital Account would stimulate the economic growth. The results suggest an adverse effect of the liberalization of the Capital Account on the real growth gross domestic product per capita of the countries.
Resumo:
It is discussed the recent Irish experience of sustained economic growth, in which a social pact, the entry in the European Union and the opening of the economy have all played a paramount role. Some remarks on the sustainability of such an experience are also made.
Resumo:
Nicholas Kaldor is known as an author who often changed his mind throughout his career. This is the case of his analyses of the process of economic growth, in which he proposed various models leading to quite different and, occasionally, conflicting conclusions. Specifically, Kaldor changed his position concerning the stability of the full employment situation. This paper shows that, in spite of those changes, Kaldor in fact used different versions of the same basic analytical framework and that this framework has its origin in his paper "Stability and Full Employment" published in the Economic Journal in December 1938.
Resumo:
In this paper, we develop a theoretical model that considers a non-linear relationship between growth and level of education (human capital). Our econometric estimates demonstrated the causality running from human capital to GDP per capita with U inverted shape. The level of education (human capital) that generates the maximum growth rate lies around 4.5 years. The foremost implication of this result is that States with level of education below this range should have as priority educational policies.
Resumo:
The paper aims at analyzing the article by Gerson Lima on the manner by which fiscal deficit should be covered. It presents a more general dynamic model, where the principle of effective demand is explicitly used. By doing that, it is possible to treat as endogenous variables the national income and the government entries, what brings the result that the public debt must not follow an explosive path unless the very restrictive conditions of Lima's paper prevail. It also evaluates Lima's implicit inflation theory, and argues against his approximation to Friedman's framework.