The Capillary Force In Micro- And Nano-Indentation With Different Indenter Shapes

The influence of the indenter shapes and various parameters on the magnitude of the capillary force is studied on the basis of models describing the wet adhesion of indenters and substrates joined by liquid bridges. In the former, we consider several shapes, such as conical, spherical and truncated conical one with a spherical end. In the latter, the effects of the contact angle, the radius of the wetting circle, the volume of the liquid bridge, the environmental humidity, the gap between the indenter and the substrate, the conical angle, the radius of the spherical indenter, the opening angle of the spherical end in the truncated conical indenter are included. The meniscus of the bridge is described using a circular approximation, which is reasonable under some conditions. Different dependences of the capillary force on the indenter shapes and the geometric parameters are observed. The results can be applicable to the micro- and nano-indentation experiments. It shows that the measured hardness is underestimated due to the effect of the capillary force. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Robust Nanoadhesion Under Torque

In this article, optimization of shear adhesion strength between an elastic cylindrical fiber and a rigid substrate under torque is studied. We find that when the radius of the fiber is less than a critical value, the bonding-breaking along the contact interface occurs uniformly, rather than by mode III crack propagation. Comparison between adhesion models under torque and tension shows that nanometer scale of fibers may have evolved to achieve optimization of not only the normal adhesive strength but also the shear adhesive strength in tolerance of possible contact flaws.

Tuning The Geometrical Parameters Of Biomimetic Fibrillar Structures To Enhance Adhesion

Fibrillar structures are common features on the feet of many animals, such as geckos, spiders and flies. Theoretical analyses often use periodical array to simulate the assembly, and each fibril is assumed to be of equal load sharing (ELS). On the other hand, studies on a single fibril show that the adhesive interface is flaw insensitive when the size of the fibril is not larger than a critical one. In this paper, the Dugdale Barenblatt model has been used to study the conditions of ELS and how to enhance adhesion by tuning the geometrical parameters in fibrillar structures. Different configurations in an array of fibres are considered, such as line array, square and hexagonal patterns. It is found that in order to satisfy flaw-insensitivity and ELS conditions, the number of fibrils and the pull-off force of the fibrillar interface depend significantly on the fibre separation, the interface interacting energy, the effective range of cohesive interaction and the radius of fibrils. Proper tuning of the geometrical parameters will enhance the pull-off force of the fibrillar structures. This study may suggest possible methods to design strong adhesion devices for engineering applications.

随机变幅荷载作用下焊接节点海水腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展试验

本工作采用国产海上平台用钢的T型和十字形板状焊接节点试件,模拟导管架臂节点的弯曲受力状态,在随机变幅荷载下进行了海水腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展试验,分别测得在海水自由腐蚀和阴极保护条件下的(~—da/dN)-AK~(NM)关系曲线。对于十字型焊接节点试件,根据试验测得的裂纹扩展速率曲线,用断裂力学方法对其海水腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命(有阴极保护)进行了估算,估算得到的裂纹扩展寿命曲线与试验数据,以及用线性累积损伤理论估算的寿命曲线,进行了分析比较和讨论。

焊接接头热影响区的海水腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率

本文采用T型板状焊接接头试件承受弯曲循环载荷进行空气中和海水自由腐蚀条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展试验(海水中试验条件为R=0-0.1,加载频率0.2Hz,海水温度20℃±1℃),得到了海上平台钢E36-Z35焊接接头热影响区在空气中和海水中裂纹扩展速率da/dN～AK曲线和Paris公式中相应的C和m值,并进行了讨论. 应用本文得到的试验数据,用断裂力学方法对板状焊接接头在空气中和海水中自由腐蚀条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行了估算,结果表明,在适当考虑裂纹起始寿命的情况下,用断裂力学方法估算的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命与试验结果相当符合.文中还讨论了初始裂纹尺寸的选取对估算裂纹扩展寿命的影响.

分层流体中推广的Boussinesq方程和斜相互作用的孤立波

本文按Boussinesq浅水理论建立了适用于一种分层流体的基本方程——推广的Boussinesq方程,借此研究了两对斜交的孤立波的弱相互作用,给出了波形和最大波幅的二阶近似解,并指出,当两对孤立波传播方向夹角小于120°时,斜相互作用强于迎撞相互作用;当该角大于120°时,前者略弱于后者。