Estimativa de biomassa e estoque de carbono de uma floresta secundária em Minas Gerais.

Em virtude das preocupações mundiais com as quantidades acumuladas de gases de efeito estufa na atmosfera, 175 países assinaram, durante a ECO 92, no Rio de Janeiro, relatório sobre o Painel de Mudanças Climáticas, indicando a necessidade de reduzir as emissões desses gases. Um dos mecanismos, com essa finalidade que tem despertado grande interesse é o financiamento de grandes plantios de árvores visando o seqüestro de quantidades significativas de carbono através da fotossíntese. Tendo em vista que a legislação brasileira de meio ambiente determina a manutenção de uma reserva legal de pelo menos 20% de vegetação natural nas propriedades rurais do sudeste e, considerando-se a forte atividade agropecuária dessa região onde, na paisagem rural, predominam pastos, cultivos e reflorestamentos com Eucalyptus a recuperação das áreas de reserva legal pode atingir escala de interesse, além de contemplar demandas por uma maior proteção da biodiversidade. O presente estudo apresenta estimativas de biomassa e estoque de carbono de uma floresta secundária de cerca de 37 anos por meio de medições diretas, utilizando o método da árvore média. O estudo fitossociológico apontou sete espécies cujas árvores representam cerca de 80,5% de dominância e 77,9% de densidade do sítio, sendo Canudo de Pito, (Mabea fistulifera ? Euphorbiaceae) a espécie arbórea dominante. Obtiveram-se, para biomassa, estimativas de 64.005 Kg.ha-1 por densidade e, por dominância, 66.127 Kg.ha-1. A esses totais correspondem, respectivamente, em quantidades de carbono, 28.802 Kg.ha-1 e 29.757 Kg.ha-1.

Analysis of phenols by high-performance liquid chromatography with pre-column derivatization by 2-(9-carbazole)-ethyl-chloroformate

2-(9-Carbazole)-ethyl-chloroformate (CEOC), a novel pre-column fluorescence labeling reagent, has been synthesized and applied for the derivatization of phenols. Taken phenol, p-chlorophenol, 2,5-dimethylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 1,4-dihydroxybenzene as testing standards, the effects of derivatization conditions, such as pH of borate buffer, reaction time and fluorescent tagging reagent concentration, have been systematically studied. Under the optimized conditions, CEOC reacts readily with the phenols to form stable derivatives with excitation and emission wavelengths, respectively, at 293 and 360 nm. The single step derivatization reaction could be finished within 20 min even at room temperature. Such a method has been successfully applied to the analysis of phenols in printing ink by high-performance liquid chromatography. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Instability of anthocyanin accumulation in Vitis vinifera L. var. Gamay Freaux suspension cultures

The inherent instability of metabolite production in plant cell culture-based bioprocessing is a major problem hindering its commercialization. To understand the extent and causes of this instability, this study was aimed at understanding the variability of anthocyanin accumulation during long-term subcultures, as well as within subculture batches, in Vitis vinifera cell cultures. Therefore, four cell line suspensions of Vitis vinitera L. var. Gamay Freaux, A, B, C and D, originated from the same callus by cell-aggregate cloning, were established with starting anthocyanin contents of 2.73 +/- 0.15, 1.45 +/- 0.04, 0.77 +/- 0.024 and 0.27 +/- 0.04 CV (Color Value)/g-FCW (fresh cell weight), respectively. During weekly subculturing of 33 batches over 8 months, the anthocyanin biosynthetic capacity was gradually lost at various rates, for all four cell lines, regardless of the significant difference in the starting anthocyanin content. Contrary to this general trend, a significant fluctuation in the anthocyanin content was observed, but with an irregular cyclic pattern. The variabilities in the anthocyanin content between the subcultures for the 33 batches, as represented by the variation coefficient (VC), were 58, 57, 54, and 84% for V vinifera cell lines A, B, C and D, respectively. Within one subculture, the VCs from 12 replicate flasks for each of 12 independent subcultures were averaged, and found to be 9.7%, ranging from 4 to 17%. High- and low-producing cell lines, VV05 and VV06, with 1.8-fold differences in their basal anthocyanin contents, exhibited different inducibilities to L-phenylalanine feeding, methyl jasmonate and light irradiation. The low-producing cell line, showed greater potential in enhanced the anthocyanin production.

Cultivar de trigo BRS 194 testada e indicada para cultivo nas regiões de adaptação 7 e 8 do Paraná e 9 e 10 do Mato Grosso do Sul.

2005

Cultivar de trigo BRS Camboatá testada e indicada para as regiões de adaptação 7 e 8 do Paraná e 9 e 10 do Mato Grosso do Sul.

2005