Predator nonconsumptive effects on prey recruitment weaken with recruit density, supplementary material

We investigated the nonconsumptive effects (NCEs) of predatory dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus) on intertidal barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides) recruitment through field experiments on the Gulf of St. Lawrence coast and the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. We studied the recruitment seasons (May-June) of 2011 and 2013. In 2011, the Gulf coast had five times more nearshore phytoplankton (food for barnacle larvae and recruits) during the recruitment season and yielded a 58% higher barnacle recruit density than the Atlantic coast at the end of the recruitment season. In 2013, phytoplankton levels and barnacle recruit density were similar on both coasts and also lower than for the Gulf coast in 2011. Using the comparative-experimental method, the manipulation of dogwhelk presence (without allowing physical contact with prey) revealed that dogwhelk cues limited barnacle recruitment under moderate recruit densities (Atlantic 2011/2013 and Gulf 2013) but had no effect under a high recruit density (Gulf 2011). Barnacle recruits attract settling larvae through chemical cues. Thus, the highest recruit density appears to have neutralized dogwhelk effects. This study suggests that the predation risk perceived by settling larvae may decrease with increasing recruit density and that prey food supply may indirectly influence predator NCEs on prey recruitment.

Do Institutional Participatory Projects Contribute to the Development of Political Capabilities?

Participation usually sets off from the bottom up, taking the form of more or less enduring forms of collective action with varying degrees of infl uence. However, a number of projects have been launched by political institutions in the last decades with a view to engaging citizens in public affairs and developing their democratic habits, as well as those of the administration. This paper analyses the political qualifying capacity of the said projects, i.e. whether participating in them qualifi es individuals to behave as active citizens; whether these projects foster greater orientation towards public matters, intensify (or create) political will, and provide the necessary skills and expertise to master this will. To answer these questions, data from the comparative analysis of fi ve participatory projects in France and Spain are used, shedding light on which features of these participatory projects contribute to the formation of political subjects and in which way. Finally, in order to better understand this formative dimension, the formative capacity of institutional projects is compared with the formative dimension of other forms of participation spontaneously developed by citizens.

Antropología de la Conservación en España. Balance y perspectivas

En este artículo presentamos un balance de la Antropología de la Conservación en el Estado español. Durante las últimas décadas, la protección de los espacios naturales ha aumentado de una manera exponencial en todo el mundo. A la vez que se extendía esta patrimonialización de la naturaleza, los trabajos etnográficos sobre las áreas protegidas han ido ganando terreno dentro de la disciplina y, en particular, en el campo de la Antropología Ambiental. La mencionada bibliografía ha puesto de relieve los múltiples aspectos derivados de las nuevas políticas territoriales de regulación, apropiación y mercantilización de la ‘naturaleza’. En este trabajo realizamos una revisión exhaustiva de la producción generada a raíz de este interés por las áreas protegidas en nuestro país subrayando sus principales aportaciones, características y debilidades. De este modo pretendemos reflexionar acerca de su continuidad, con el fin de evitar la mera reiteración y favorecer el avance en sus resultados.

Argaric Sociology: Sex and Death

The detailed, rich and diverse Argaric funerary record offers an opportunity to explore social dimensions that usually remain elusive for prehistoric research, such us social rules on kinship rights and obligations, sexual tolerance and the role of funerary practices in preserving the economic and political organization. This paper addresses these topics through an analysis of the social meaning of Argaric double tombs by looking at body treatment and composition of grave goods assemblages according to gender and class affiliation. The Argaric seems to have been a conservative society, scarcely tolerant regarding homosexuality, and willing to celebrate ancestry associated to certain places as a means of asserting residence and property rights.

U. S. 61 Muscatine Bypass Corridor

This report was prepared for the Iowa Department of Transportation to document the results of a comprehensive study of the US 61 bypass corridor in Muscatine, Iowa. The focus of the study was to address community concerns regarding traffic safety and traffic operations. In completing the study, accident and traffic volume data was collected and analyzed. Input from the public and elected officials of the Muscatine community was also obtained. The goals of the project were to: Accurately identify the nature of the types of problems and the locations where the problems were occurring; Formulate a range of possible remedial measures; Analyze and test those proposed measures; Inform the community of the nature of the traffic problems and of the proposed remedies; Seek feedback from the community on those proposed remedies; Develop a comprehensive list of recommended improvements; Develop cost estimates and assign priorities to those possible improvements. An additional goal of this project was to identify possible Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) measures that could be used to address the safety and operations problems that have developed along this corridor. The proposed ITS measures were also to be analyzed to determine their likely benefits and their likely success if used at other locations elsewhere in Iowa.

Adjuvant Effect of Leuprolide on Stroke: A Case report

Objectives: To contribute to current knowledge on the vascular risk of oestrogens. Materials and methods: A 44-year-old woman received a 11.25 mg Leuprolide exteneded release injection to control bleeding from a 7 cm uterine fibroid tumour; 45 days later, she had a stroke due to right frontal lobe ischaemia. Thrombolysis induced complete remission. Three years previously, while taking a birth control pill, the patient had suffered from a stroke that involved her left temporal lobe. She was heterozygous for Factor V R2 H1299R locus and homozygous for the 4G/4G mutation of the PAI-1 gene. Even though her homocysteine level was normal, the patient was homozygous for the MTHFR C677T mutation and although she had never had severe bleeding, she was also homozygous for Factor XIII V34L. Results and conclusion: This patient’s prothrombotic condition could have been enhanced by leuprolide since its stimulatory effect on oestrogen production would still have been minimally present at the time of cerebral thrombosis.

Spondylodiscitis as Complication of Transrectal Ultrasonography-guided Prostate Biopsy: a Case Report

A 61-year-old man presented with high fever, and severe back and abdominal pain following transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. Diagnosis of spondylodiscitis and psoas abscesses was made based on MRI images of the lumbar tract of the spine. Six-month broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and immobilization with a girdle overcame the disease without any relapse at the 1-year follow-up. Spondylodiscitis after TRUS-guided prostate biopsy is a rare event, which is not yet included as a major complication of the procedure. It is probably due to the presence of fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria in faeces. It is, therefore, important to highlight this possibility and to stress the use of targeted antibiotic prophylaxis after rectal flora swabbing with selected antibiotics at sufficient concentrations to be effective.

Hepcidin and Ferritin Levels in Fever of Unknown Origin: Is There a New Biomarker?

Background and objectives: Significantly elevated serum ferritin levels are associated with both iron overload and some inflammatory conditions. Hepcidin is a protein that interferes with iron absorption in inflammatory states and acts as an acute-phase reactant. Materials and methods: Here we report the case a 33-year-old patient who presented with high fever, skin lesions and arthralgia lasting for 2 weeks. His ferritin level was 13,800 µg/l and his hepcidin level was 61 ng/dl. Results: The final diagnosis was adult onset Still's disease. The condition evolved satisfactorily with steroid treatment, but after several weeks the patient presented with an unexpected recurrence. Conclusions: Hepcidin is a good inflammatory marker that could be useful in the differential diagnosis of hyperferritinaemia.

Caracterización clínico epidemiológica del cáncer de mama en el Hospital Nacional Rosales

El cáncer de mama es el más frecuente en mujeres con 1.38 millones de casos nuevos para el 2008 (23%) y el segundo más frecuente en general (10.9%). Es el más frecuente tanto en países desarrollados como en desarrollo (690 000 casos nuevos). En El Salvador es la segunda causa de cáncer y la tercera causa de muerte por cáncer. El riesgo de enfermar es superior en las mujeres de países con nivel socioeconómico alto, pero el riesgo de morir es mayor entre las mujeres que habitan países pobres. Se realiza este estudio para conocer el comportamiento de esta patología en nuestra población. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de seguimiento de una cohorte con cáncer de mama, tratados en el Hospital Nacional Rosales en un periodo de tiempo. Resultados: Se encontró una muestra de 132 pacientes. La edad media fue 54.61 años (DS +13.61). 55 pacientes (41.7%) provenían del departamento de San Salvador. De 119 pacientes en que se obtuvo datos de paridad se encontró una mediana de 3 hijos. 15.52% tenían antecedentes familiares. El 91.7% consultaron por presencia de tumor, con una mediana de consulta de 6 meses. Biopsia fue el método diagnostico en 84.41% de las pacientes. El tipo Ductal invasor fue el más frecuente (78.8%) y el estadio de presentación más frecuente fue IIb y IIIa correspondiendo al 50% de la población total. 5 pacientes no fueron sometidos a ninguna terapia quirúrgica, 20% recibido neoadyuvancia, 50% adyuvancia y 35.6% tamoxifeno. Hubo una pérdida de vista al año del 31% de pacientes, y en los restantes se obtuvo una sobrevida del 97.8%.

Factores de riesgo asociados con la mortalidad de los pacientes con histiocitosis de células de Langerhans, en las edades desde el nacimiento hasta los 12 años, diagnosticados en el Hospital Nacional de Niños Benjamín Bloom, entre el período comprendido entre julio de 2002 y julio de 2012

La Histiocitosis de Células de Langerhans (HCL) es una patología compleja, infrecuente pero con mayor incidencia en niños. Hay pocos estudios al respecto y ninguno en nuestro país. Por ello, este estudio define factores de riesgo de mortalidad, encontrados en los pacientes con HCL en nuestro centro. Objetivo: definir factores de riesgo, asociados con la mortalidad de los pacientes con HCL. Materiales y Métodos: El estudio realizado fue observacional, comparativo, analítico, retrolectivo, de corte transversal. Se registraron 65 pacientes con HCL, con expedientes clínicos completos, diagnóstico y seguimiento adecuado, en el período comprendido entre julio 2002 y julio 2012. Los datos se recolectaron a través de una ficha y el análisis se realizó con los programas EPIDAT y EXCEL. Previo a la ejecución, este estudio fue aprobado por el comité de ética en investigación de nuestro centro. Resultados: La mediana de la edad fue de 22 meses, con un promedio de 2.9 meses entre el inicio de síntomas y el diagnóstico. La relación Hombre-mujer fue de 1.5:1 y las tres manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron: hueso (61.5%), piel (35.4%) y linfadenopatías (23.1%). El 27.7 % de la población estaba desnutrida al debut de la enfermedad y la mortalidad general fue 15.4%. Los factores de riesgo asociados con la mortalidad fueron: sexo masculino, desnutrición al diagnóstico, debut de HCL en menores de 28 días de vida, afección cutánea, afección hematológica con bicitopenia que incluya anemia y afección de la médula ósea. Conclusiones: El presente estudio determinó los siguientes factores de riesgo, asociados con la mortalidad de los pacientes de nuestro centro: género masculino, debut de la enfermedad en menores de 28 días de vida, desnutrición, manifestaciones clínicas que incluyan lesiones cutáneas secundarias a HCL, afección hematológica con bicitopenia que incluya anemia y la afección de médula ósea.

Super-orbital variability of LS I+61 degrees 303 at TeV energies

Context. The gamma-ray binary LS I +61º303 is a well-established source from centimeter radio up to very high energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV). The broadband emission shows a periodicity of ∼26.5 days, coincident with the orbital period. A longer (super-orbital) period of 1667 ± 8 days was proposed from radio variability and confirmed using optical and high-energy (HE; E ¿ 100 MeV) gamma-ray observations. In this paper, we report on a four-year campaign performed by MAGIC together with archival data concentrating on a search for a long-timescale signature in the VHE emission from LS I +61º303. Aims. We focus on the search for super-orbital modulation of the VHE emission, similar to that observed at other energies, and on the search for correlations between TeV emission and an optical determination of the extension of the circumstellar disk. Methods. A four-year campaign has been carried out using the MAGIC telescopes. The source was observed during the orbital phases when the periodic VHE outbursts have occurred (φ = 0.55 – 0.75, one orbit = 26.496 days). Additionally, we included archival MAGIC observations and data published by the VERITAS collaboration in these studies. For the correlation studies, LS I +61◦303 has also been observed during the orbital phases where sporadic VHE emission had been detected in the past (φ = 0.75 – 1.0). These MAGIC observations were simultaneous with optical spectroscopy from the LIVERPOOL telescope. Results. The TeV flux of the periodical outburst in orbital phases φ = 0.5 – 0.75 was found to show yearly variability consistent with the long-term modulation of ∼4.5 years found in the radio band. This modulation of the TeV flux can be well described by a sine function with a best-fit period of 1610±58 days. The complete data, including archival observations, span two super-orbital periods. There is no evidence for a correlation between the TeV emission and the mass-loss rate of the Be star, but this may be affected by the strong, short-timescale (as short as intra-day) variation displayed by the Hα fluxes.