Wound infection after excision and primary midline closure for pilonidal disease: risk factor analysis to improve patient selection.

BACKGROUND: Excision and primary midline closure for pilonidal disease (PD) is a simple procedure; however, it is frequently complicated by infection and prolonged healing. The aim of this study was to analyze risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) in this context. METHODS: All consecutive patients undergoing excision and primary closure for PD from January 2002 through October 2008 were retrospectively assessed. The end points were SSI, as defined by the Center for Disease Control, and time to healing. Univariable and multivariable risk factor analyses were performed. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-one patients were included [97 men (74%), median age = 24 (range 15-66) years]. SSI occurred in 41 (31%) patients. Median time to healing was 20 days (range 12-76) in patients without SSI and 62 days (range 20-176) in patients with SSI (P < 0.0001). In univariable and multivariable analyses, smoking [OR = 2.6 (95% CI 1.02, 6.8), P = 0.046] and lack of antibiotic prophylaxis [OR = 5.6 (95% CI 2.5, 14.3), P = 0.001] were significant predictors for SSI. Adjusted for SSI, age over 25 was a significant predictor of prolonged healing. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the rate of SSI after excision and primary closure of PD is higher in smokers and could be reduced by antibiotic prophylaxis. SSI significantly prolongs healing time, particularly in patients over 25 years.

Effects of sodium arsenite on neurite outgrowth and glutamate AMPA receptor expression in mouse cortical neurons.

There has been broad concern that arsenic in the environment exerts neurotoxicity. To determine the mechanism by which arsenic disrupts neuronal development, primary cultured neurons obtained from the cerebral cortex of mouse embryos were exposed to sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) at concentrations between 0 and 2μM from days 2 to 4 in vitro and cell survival, neurite outgrowth and expression of glutamate AMPA receptor subunits were assessed at day 4 in vitro. Cell survival was significantly decreased by exposure to 2μM NaAsO2, whereas 0.5μM NaAsO2 increased cell survival instead. The assessment of neurite outgrowth showed that total neurite length was significantly suppressed by 1μM and 2μM NaAsO2, indicating that the lower concentration of NaAsO2 impairs neuritogenesis before inducing cell death. Immunoblot analysis of AMPA receptor subunit expression showed that the protein level of GluA1, a specific subunit of the AMPA receptor, was significantly decreased by 1μM and 2μM NaAsO2. When immunocytochemistry was used to confirm this effect by staining for GluA1 expression in neuropeptide Y neurons, most of which contain GluA1, GluA1 expression in neuropeptide Y neurons was found to be significantly suppressed by 1μM and 2μM NaAsO2 but to be increased at the concentration of 0.5μM. Finally, to determine whether neurons could be rescued from the NaAsO2-induced impairment of neuritogenesis by compensatory overexpression of GluA1, we used primary cultures of neurons transfected with a plasmid vector to overexpress either GluA1 or GluA2, and the results showed that GluA1/2 overexpression protected against the deleterious effects of NaAsO2 on neurite outgrowth. These results suggest that the NaAsO2 concentration inducing neurite suppression is lower than the concentration that induces cell death and is the same as the concentration that suppresses GluA1 expression. Consequently, the suppression of GluA1 expression by NaAsO2 seems at least partly responsible for neurite suppression induced by NaAsO2.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity among migrants in Switzerland: association with country of origin.

Migrants tend to present higher overweight and obesity levels, but whether this relationship applies to all nationalities has seldom been studied. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity according to nationality in adults. Cross-sectional population-based samples. Five-year nationwide interview surveys (Swiss Health Surveys - SHS) from 1992 to 2007 (n 63 766) and a local examination survey (CoLaus Study in Lausanne 2004-2006, n 6743). Participants were separated into Swiss, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish nationals, those from the former Republic of Yugoslavia and from other European and other countries. Compared with Swiss nationals, German and French nationals presented a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity, whereas nationals from Italy, Spain, Portugal and the former Republic of Yugoslavia presented higher levels. Adjusting the SHS data for age, gender, education, smoking, leisure-time physical activity and survey year, a lower risk for overweight and obesity was found for German (OR = 0·80, 95 % CI 0·70, 0·92) and French (OR = 0·74, 95 % CI 0·61, 0·89) nationals, whereas higher risks were found for participants from Italy (OR = 1·45, 95 % CI 1·33, 1·58), Spain (OR = 1·36, 95 % CI 1·15, 1·61), Portugal (OR = 1·25, 95 % CI 1·06, 1·47) and the former Republic of Yugoslavia (OR = 1·98, 95 % CI 1·69, 2·32). Similar findings were observed in the CoLaus Study for Italian (OR = 1·63, 95 % CI 1·29, 2·06), Spanish (OR = 1·54, 95 % CI 1·17, 2·04) and Portuguese (OR = 1·49, 95 % CI 1·16, 1·91) participants and for those from the former Republic of Yugoslavia (OR = 5·34, 95 % CI 3·00, 9·50). Overweight and obesity are unevenly distributed among migrants in Switzerland. Migrants from Southern Europe and from the former Republic of Yugoslavia present higher prevalence rates. This suggests that preventive messages should be tailored to these specific populations.

Comportamiento alimentario de los principales recursos pelágicos peruanos en verano y comienzos de otoño 1997

Se han analizado 626 contenidos estomacales de "anchoveta peruana" Engraulis ringes, 251 de "caballa" Scomber japonicus peruanus y 206 de "jurel" Trachurus picturatus murphyi, colectados entre lo 5°12 ' a 18°17 'S durante el verano de 1997. El alimento de la anchoveta estuvo compuesto por diatomeas, silicoflagelados, dinoflagelados, tintínidos, copépodos, entre los más importantes. La caballa y el jurel se alimentaron de crustáceos planctónicos destacando los eufáusidos; en la caballa, además e presentaron peces de las familias Engraulidae y Myctophidae. Usando el software MAXIMS se ha calculado la ración diaria de alimentación de la anchoveta en 0,4391 g.dia-1. Respecto a la caballa y al jurel se vienen realizando las primeras observaciones con este software, habiéndose determinado las raciones en 6,4452 g.dia-1 y 2,9129 g.dia-1, respectivamente. La similaridad alimentaria entre los mismos fue calculada utilizando el Índice de JACCARD que permitió observar diferencias sólo en la utilización del ítem anchoveta siendo la caballa la única que la consumió. En líneas generales la composición alimentaria observada corresponde a patrones e años normales.

L'Écho de Paris

1884/10/03 (Numéro 206).

Dialogus creaturarum, moralisatus, jucundus, fabulis plenus

[Dialogus creaturarum (latin). 1480]

Vetus Testamentum, pars.

Ce volume a été relié avec le BnF, Ms., Latin 104 pour former une bible complète, mais il semble que ces deux manuscrits ont été réalisés séparément, à une date et par un atelier différent. F. B, plusieurs notes du XIIIe siècle de mains différentes : au centre du feuillet : "Anno MCIII (sic) setagesimo IIII fu la fami per tutto lu mundu, et vauze lu tumenu de lu granu tr. XII" ; "Pahnutius humilis servus vestre sanctitatis".Au bas du feuillet : "Pahnutius humilis servus vestre sanctitatis" ; "Religioso viro venerabili abbati Santi Stephani de Nemore, salutem in Domino" ; "apnutius". F. 1, titre du XIIIe siècle : "Incipit epistula sancti Jeronimi presbiteri ad Paulinum de studio Scripturarum." Le manuscrit contient : Genesis (4) ; Exodus (20v) ; Levit. (34) ; Numeri (44v) ; Deuteron. (59) ; Josue (73) ; Judices (81v) ; Ruth (90) ; Reg. I-IV (91) ; Isaias (136) ; Jeremias (152) ; Baruch (170v) ; Jeremiae Lament. et Oratio (173, 174v) ; Ezechiel (175) ; Daniel (191v) ; XII Proph. min. (199).Avec prologues et « capitula » (sauf aux f. 90, 136, 152, 175, 192 et 199) . Quelques leçons en marge. F. 1-3v: Frater Ambrosius tua mihi munuscula perferens destulit...-... scripti sunt libri in latinum eos transferre sermonem. Explicit prefatio.F. 3v, tablesF. 4-124. "In principio creavit Deus caelum et terram ...-... et percutiam terram anathemate. Explicit Malachias propheta.

Missale benedictinum ad usum Trecensem.

F. 1v et 16v Ordinaire de la messe. F. 7 Vers relatifs à l'évangéliaire offert à la cathédrale de Troyes par l'évêque Prudence (M. G., Poet. lat., II, 679). F. 9 Oraisons et préface de la messe de s. Frobert, abbé de Montier-la-Celle (fin XIe s.). F. 9v Calendrier-martyrologe avec éléments troyens. F. 15v Table de comput. F. 24-58 et 81-91 Temporal (incompl. du début) : « Ypapanti » (24) ; — « Dom. oct. Pent. » (85v) ; — « Sabbato in XII lectiones » (89v). F. 91v-96v 58v-81 et 97-124. Sanctoral : sa Eufemia (91v) ; — sa Mastidia (addit. marg. XIIIe s.) (96) ; — s. Theobaldus (addit. marg. XIIIe s.) (67) ; — Vig. et Translatio s. Benedicti (68v) ; — Oct. s. Andreae (123v). F. 124 Préfaces. F. 128 Commun des saints. F. 132 Messes votives. F. 135v Épîtres et évangiles du commun. F. 146v Oraisons diverses. F. 159v Messes diverses. F. 176v Ordo ad visitandum infirmum, etc. F. 188 Messe des morts. F. 194bis Bénédictions et prières. F. 204 « Compotus Graecorum sive Latinorum ». F. 205v « Missa de Sancto Sepulcro » (XIe s.). F. 206 « Transfiguratio Christi » (XIe s.). F. 252 Dom. XXVI post Pent. F. 254 Dom. V ante Nat. Domini (incompl. de la fin). F. 255-256 Fragment d'un compte de Thibaut de Champagne (1258-1259). (Bourquelot, dans Bibl. Éc. Ch., XXIV, 1863, 69-79.)

Troparium, Cantatorium et officia adusum Sancti Martialis Lemovicensis.

F. 1-8v Pièces diverses : — l'une en l'honneur de s. Martin (3-4) ; — « Versus de sancto martirio » (5). F. 9-61v et 86-109v Tropaire des principales fêtes du temporal, du sanctoral et du commun : — De s. Martiale (42) ; — De sa Valeria (57v) ; — De s. Austricliniano (59). F. 61v-85v, 110-125v et 198-205v Alleluias, séquences, offices divers, office, messe et proses pour la fête de s. Martial : — Dédicace de Saint-Étienne de Limoges (77v). F. 126 Traits. F. 140 « Trium puerorum benedictio. » F. 142-149v et 166-197v Versets alléluiatiques, antiennes de procession. Le début est au f. 190 (nombreux feuillets intervertis). F. 150-165v et 246-248 « Processionales per circulum anni » (le texte se lit : ff. 158-165v et 150-157v). F. 206-245v Offertoires. F. 248 « In veneratione se Marie ». F. 251 Tonaire. F. 258 Fragm. d'un antiphonaire ; antiennes pour les « bénédictions » des laudes et les cantiques évangéliques. F. 270 Office de la Trinité et additions.