Storage stability of solid rocket fuels. 2. Effect of oxidizer loadings

Ageing behaviour, leading to ballistic changes, has been studied as a function of oxidizer loading in polystyrene/ammonium perchlorate solid-propellants. The ageing studies were carried out at 100 °C in air. Change in burning rate decreased as the oxidizer loading increased from 75 to 80%. The change in thermal decomposition rates both at 230 and 260 °C also decreased as the oxidizer loading in the propellants increased. The shapes of the plots of the changes in burning rate and thermal decomposition rate (230 and 260 °C) at different storage times for different oxidizer-loaded propellants seem to be exactly similar. These results lead to the conclusion that the thermal decomposition of the propellant may be responsible for bringing about the ballistic changes during the ageing process. Infrared studies of the binder portion of the aged propellant indicate that peroxide formation takes place during the course of ageing and that peroxide formation for a particular storage time and temperature increases as the loading decreases.

L_{2}- stability of a class of nonstationary feedback systems with dynamical nonlinear subsystems

A class of feedback systems, consisting of dynamical non-linear subsystems which arise in many diverse control applications, is analyzed for L2-stability. It is shown that, although a transformation of these systems to the familiar Lur'e configuration does not seem to be possible, a one-to-one correspondence may be effected between the stability properties of these and the Lur'e systems. Interesting stability criteria are developed by exploiting this characteristic.

Knoevenagel condensation of 2-carbethoxycyclohexanone and malononitrile: Synthesis of 4-cyano-3-ethoxy-1-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline, an isomer of the abnormal product

The structure of the abnormal product 1a formed in the Knoevenagel condensation of 2-carbethoxycyclohexanone and malononitrile has been further confirmed. Oxidation of the tetrahydroisoquinoline 3b using Na2Cr2O-AcOH-H2SO4 gave the keto isoquinoline 3d and the isoquinoline-1-carboxylic acid 5a. The acid chloride of 5a was condensed with diethyl ethoxymagnesiomalonate to afford after decarbethoxylation the methyl ketone 5d which on Baeyer-Villiger oxidation gave a mixture of the acetate 1g and the title compound 1b. The unambiguous synthesis of 1b confirms the structure assigned earlier to the title compound also formed during the partial hydrolysis of the diethoxy compound 1c. Condensation of 2-acetylcyclohexane-1,3-dione with malononitrile gave the quinoline derivative 4c which on ethylation yielded the ketoquinoline 4d. The present studies have confirmed that the quinoline compound 4a is also formed in the condensation of 2-acetylcyclohexanone and cyanoacetamide.

Separation of sulfur-containing components of transfer ribonucleic acid on Bio-Gel P-2 and Sephadex G-10 columns

S-Labeled nucleosides of E. coli tRNA and some of the derivatives of thionucleosides were separated on Bio-Gel P-2 and Sephadex G-10 columns employing buffers of low salt concentration and high pH.

Bromination of Intermolecular Chelate Linkage Isomers of 3-Oximino-4,9-Dimethyl (or 4,7,9-Trimethyl)-5,8-Diazadodeca-4,8-Diene-2,11-Dionato Nickel(II)

The reaction of the title complexes (FIG. 1) with N-bromosuccinimide or bromine in chloroform yields isomeric bromo complexes on substitution of the γ-CH carbon proton by bromine. The brominated products have been characterised by ir, pmr, electronic absorption spectra, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The linkage isomerisation of the brominated products in chloroform has been shown to depend on the diamine residue.

Web 2.0 technology: Social learning tools in higher education in Saudi Arabia

Information and communication technology (ICT) has created opportunities for students' online interaction in higher education throughout the world. Limited research has been done in this area in Saudi Arabia. This study investigated university students' engagement and perceptions of online collaborative learning using Social Learning Tools (SLTs). In addition, it explored the quality of knowledge construction that occurred in this environment. A mixed methods case study approach was adopted, and the data was gathered from undergraduate students (n=43) who were enrolled in a 15-week course at a Saudi university. The results showed that while the students had positive perceptions towards SLTs and their engagement, data gathered from their work also showed little evidence of high levels of knowledge construction.

The construction of feminism in Indonesian film: Arisan 2!

Feminism in Indonesian society is related to the emancipation term that women nowadays have still been bringing up this issue. However, Arisan 2! film showed a shift in film discourse regarding the representation of cosmopolitan women in Indonesia. This research examines on how Arisan 2! film as a media portrays feminism in the society of Jakarta. Feminism in Arisan 2! film was likely to expose the liberal feminism in nowadays modern society through several issues of women’s emancipation, specifically in the areas of marriage, job, and social life.

A study of the deformation slip lines in quenched and aged Al-2% Ge alloy

Optical microscopy has been employed to observe the slip lines in deformed Al-2% Ge alloy samples. Slip lines have been observed in the as-quenched, partially-aged, fully-aged and over-aged states. The lines tend to traverse fairly straight paths in the case of quenched and partially-aged conditions. Fully-aged samples also reveal such straight running lines when tested at low-temperatures. However, the density of the lines generally decreases as the peak-aged state is approached. These results are in agreement with the idea that thermally activated shearing of the precipitates is occurring in the alloy aged up to peak-hardness. The irregular lines for the over-aged specimens support the view that the moving dislocations by-pass the precipitates during deformation. The influence of test-temperature on the appearance of slip traces has been briefly examined.

Effect of 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide on poly(adenylic acid)-containing ribonucleic acid.

A single administration of 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide, a porphyrinogenic drug, enhanced the 32P-labelling of nucleoplasmic as well as cytoplasmic poly(A)-containing RNA in rat liver. The synthesis of total microsomal RNA is only marginally increased under these conditions. The drug enhances the labelling of a variety of cytoplasmic poly(A)-containing RNA species, and this effect is counteracted by the simultaneous administration of haemin. 2-Allyl-2-isopropylacetamide also enhanced the release of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Mechanism of aromatic hydroxylation *1, , *2, , *3: Properties of a model for pyridine nucleotide-dependent flavoprotein hydroxylases

A model (NADH-phenazine methosulfate-O2) formally similar to pyridine nucleotide-dependent flavoprotein hydroxylases catalyzed the hydroxylation of several aromatic compounds. The hydroxylation was maximal at acid pH and was inhibited by ovine Superoxide dismutase, suggesting that perhydroxyl radicals might be intermediates in this process. The stoichiometry of the reaction indicated that a univalent reduction of oxygen was occurring. The correlation between the concentration of semiquinone and hydroxylation, and the inhibition of hydroxylation by ethanol which inhibited semiquinone oxidation, suggested the involvement of phenazine methosulfate-semiquinone. Activation of hydroxylation by Fe3+ and Cu2+ supported the contention that univalently reduced species of oxygen was involved in hydroxylation. Catalase was without effect on the hydroxylation by the model, ruling out H2O2 as an intermediate. A reaction sequence, involving a two-electron reduction of phenazine methosulfate to reduced phenazine methosulfate followed by disproportionation with phenazine methosulfate to generate the semiquinone, was proposed. The semiquinone could donate an electron to O2 to generate O2 which could be subsequently protonated to form the perhydroxyl radical.

A new family of low-power CT/SUP 2/L circuits

A new family of low-power logic circuits, employing a multiemitter transistor input circuit and a modified complementary p-n-p n-p-n output stage, having almost the same performance as standard TTL circuits and suitable for IC use, is reported in this correspondence.

Degradation of (+/-)-synephrine by Arthrobacter synephrinum. Oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate to 2-hydroxy-5-carboxymethyl-muconate semialdehyde.

1. Cell-free extracts of Arthrobacter synephrinum catalyse the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetate. 2. The product of oxidation was characterized as 2-hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde from its chemical behaviour as well as from nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectra. 3. A 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.15) was partially purified from A. synephrinum. 4. The enzyme had a Km of 25 micrometer towards its substrate and exhibited typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. 5. The enzyme also catalysed the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxymandelate and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionate, at reaction rates of 0.5 and 0.04 respectively of that for 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate. 6. The enzyme was sensitive to treatment with thiol-specific reagents. 7. The molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by Sephadex G-200 chromatography was approx. 282000.

In-plane normal vibrations of 1,2,5-oxa-, thia- and selena-diazoles, 1,3,4-oxa- and thia-diazoles and 1,2,3,4-thiatriazoles

In-plane vibration modes of 1,2,5- and 1,3,4-oxa- and thia-diazoles, and 1,2,5-selenadiazole have been assigned on the basis of detailed normal coordinate analysis employing data on several deuterated species. In-plane vibration frequencies of two 1,2,3,4-thiatriazole derivatives have been calculated and compared with observed values.

Zeeman effect of NQR in 4,6-dichloropyrimidine and 6-chloro 2,4-dimethoxypyrimidine

Zeeman (35Cl) NQR studies in polycrystalline samples of 4,6-dichloropyrimidine and 6 chloro 2,4 dimethoxypyrimidine show that the asymmetry at the four chemically inequivalent chlorine sites in the former is about 10%, while in the latter (one line) the asymmetry is almost zero. Using a valence-bond picture, C-Cl bonds in 4,6-dichloropyrimidine have been characterised, and the results are also compared with those in a corresponding benzene compound using a simple molecular orbital calculation. The axial symmetry of C-Cl bond in the second compound has been attributed to mesomeric effects.