No tan diferentes. La actividad empresarial de los siderúrgicos españoles en el contexto europeo (1891-1936)

A la hora de explicar las causas del atraso relativo de España en las décadas previas a la Guerra Civil, algunos autores han considerado como un factor clave la mayor propensión de los empresarios españoles a las estrategias de búsqueda de rentas, lo que dio lugar a un sector industrial protegido, cartelizado e ineficiente. Dado que la siderurgia es señalada frecuentemente como el paradigma de las funciones improductivas de los empresarios españoles, el presente trabajo pretende, en primer lugar, contrastar las actitudes de los siderúrgicos españoles con las de los franceses y alemanes en las décadas que precedieron a la Primera Guerra Mundial. En segundo lugar, se analizará si la cartelización del mercado entre 1897 y 1936 tuvo consecuencias negativas para el desarrollo económico de España, tales como restricción a la entrada de competidores, ausencia de innovaciones tecnológicas y, como resultado de ello, una oferta rígida para su producción.

Un médico rural contra la viruela, la epidemia de 1891-92 en Huércanos (Logroño)

La práctica inconstante de la vacunación contra la viruela durante el siglo xix tuvo como consecuencia la aparición de varias oleadas epidémicas en España. La baja aceptación de la vacuna entre la población, unida a la incapacidad del estado para organizar campañas y suministrar vacuna, contribuyeron a perpetuar la enfermedad. Durante la segunda mitad del siglo se abrió un debate sobre la necesidad de hacer obligatoria la vacunación y revacunación, incorporándose, además, el uso de la vacuna animalizada. Un texto de Emilio Casas Arriola, médico de Huércanos (Logroño), describe el brote epidémico sufrido entre 1891 y 1892 en este municipio. La obra tiene la estructura de una topografía médica y fue redactada con la intención de concurrir a un premio de la Real Academia Médica de Madrid. Se analizan las dificultades, vicisitudes y medidas adoptadas para afrontar la epidemia en un entorno aislado y rural.

Régimen de incendios y crisis del sistema rural en la zona occidental del Sistema Central (provincia de Cáceres) (1940-1968)

Investigación realizada en el marco del proyecto de investigación Geografía histórica de los incendios forestales en España: viejos y nuevos territorios de riesgo (GEO-INFOR), 2011-2013. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Plan Nacional de I+D+I 2008-2011. CSO2010-21788-C02-01.

Catharine Waugh McCullouch papers in the Mary Earhart Dillon collection, 1869-1945

Collection primarily documents McCulloch's research on women's legal status, and her work with the Illinois Equal Suffrage Association, the National American Woman Suffrage Association, and the League of Women Voters. There is also documentation of women in the legal profession, of McCulloch's friendships with the other women suffragists and lawyers, and some biographical material. The papers contain little information about her family or social life.

Rome, Italy, 1891 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Pianta di Roma, col patrocinio del comune di Roma. It was published by editore Loreto Pasqualucci [per] dall' Istituto cartografico italiano in 1891. Scale 1:6,000. Map in Italian.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 33N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, walls, gates, fortification, ground cover, and more. Relief shown by shading. Includes also index and inset: Receniti di Roma nei successivi periodi della sua storia.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Palermo, Italy, 1891 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Nuova pianta della città di Palermo. It was published by Carlo Clausen, editore in 1891. Scale 1:10,000. Covers a portion of Palermo, Italy. Map in Italian.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 33N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, built-up areas, selected buildings, parks, ground cover, shoreline features, and more. Includes index. Relief shown by shading.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

The Hague, Netherlands, 1891 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Nieuwste plan van 's Gravenhage : met de verschillende hieuwe bouwplannen, John C. Bignell graveur. It was published by John C. Bignell in 1891. Scale 1:10,000. Covers The Hague, Netherlands. Map in Dutch. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'RD_New (Rijksdriehoekstelsel), GCS Amersfoort' coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, street-railroads, drainage, canals, built-up areas and selected buildings, ground cover, parks, cemeteries, and more. Includes also index and advertisements in margins.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

San Francisco, California 1891 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Bancroft's official guide map of city and county of San Francisco : compiled from official maps in surveyor's office. It was published by The Bancroft Co. in 1891. Scale [ca. 1:30,000]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the California Zone III State Plane Coordinate System NAD83 (in Feet) (Fipszone 0403). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, built-up areas, selected public buildings and places of interest, cemeteries, parks, city block numbers, city boundaries, and more. Includes inset: Skeleton map showing the relative position of San Francisco to the surrounding county, and reference list of prominent places below map. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Pacific Coast of Mexico, Central America, and the Region Around the Galapagos Islands Showing Route of the Steamer Albatross, 1891 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Explorations of the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross : Lieut. Comdr. Z. L. Tanner U.S.N. Comdg. : Februrary to April 1891. It was printed for the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University in 1892. Scale [ca. 1:7,500,000]. Covers the Pacific Coast of Mexico, Central America, and the region around the Galapagos Islands. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'Mercator' projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, human settlements, shoreline features, bays, harbors, islands, and more. Relief shown by soundings and bathymetric isolines and tints. Shows the route of the Agassiz-Albatross Cruise 1891. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, 1891 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Galapagos Islands : showing exploration of the U.S. Fish Commission steamer "Albatross" Lieut-Comdr. Z. L. Tanner U.S.N. Comdg. February to April 1891. It was printed for the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 1892. Scale [ca. 1:1,400,000]. Covers Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'Mercator' projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows shoreline features, islands and islets, bays, harbors, inlets, points, rocks, bottom types, and more. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights. Depths shown by soundings. Includes note on legend and source. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Isla Grevy and Isla Bayly Region, Islas Wollaston, Tierra del Fuego, Chile, 1891 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Seagull Harbour, Gretton Bay, Wollaston Island : Tierra del Fuego by the U.S. Ex.Ex. 1839 ; R.H. Wyman, Commo. U.S.N. Hydrographer to the Bureau of Navigation. Extensive corr. July 1891. It was published by the Hydrographic Office in 1891. Scale [ca. 1:10,600]. Covers the Isla Grevy and Isla Bayly Region, Islas Wollaston, Tierra del Fuego, Chile. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'Mercator' projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, shoreline features, bays, harbors, inlets, points, rocks, anchorage points and bottom types, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Depths shown by soundings. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Bahía Orange, Tierra del Fuego, Chile, 1891 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic nautical chart entitled: Orange Harbour : Tierra del Fuego, surveyed by the U.S.Ex.Ex. 1839 ; R.H. Wyman U.S.N. Hydrographer to the Bureau of Navigation. It was published by Hydrographic Office in 1891. Scale [ca. 1:18,700]. Covers Bahía Orange, Tierra del Fuego, Chile. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'Mercator' projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows coastal features such as rocks, channels, points, coves, islands, bottom types, and more. Includes also selected land features such as drainage, relief, and more. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights; depths by soundings. Includes inset view: Pack Saddle off Orange Bay N.N.W. dist. 6 miles This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1891 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Rotterdam. It was published by Geograph. Anstalt von Wagner and Debes in 1891. Scale 1:16,600. Covers Rotterdam, Netherlands. Map in Dutch. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the 'RD_New (Rijksdriehoekstelsel), GCS Amersfoort' coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, ground cover, parks, canals, wharves, docks, and more. Includes index. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.