Long Distance Wireless Networking for Site - Office Data Communications

Effective data communications between the project site and decision making office can be critical for the success of a construction project. It allows convenient access to centrally stored information and allows centrally located decision makers to remotely monitor the site and collect data in real-time. However, high bandwidth, flexible data communication networks, such as wired local area networks, can often be time-consuming and costly to deploy for such purposes especially when project sites (dams, highways, etc.) are located in rural, undeveloped areas where networking infrastructure is not available. In such construction sites, wireless networking could reliably link the construction site and the decision-making office. This paper presents a case study on long-distance, site – office wireless data communications. The purpose was to investigate the capability of wireless technology in exchanging construction data in a fast and efficient manner and in allowing site personnel to interact and share knowledge and data with the office staff. This study took place at the University of Michigan’s campus where performance, reliability, and cost/benefit tests were performed. The indoor and outdoor tests performed demonstrated the suitability of this technology for office-site data communications and exposed the need for more research to further improve the reliability and data handling of this technology.

The influence of turbine stator well coolant flow rate and passage configuration on cooling effectiveness

Market competitiveness for aero engine power plant dictates that improvements in engine performance and reliability are guaranteed a priori by manufacturers. The requirement to accurately predict the life of engine components makes exacting demands of the internal air system, which must provide effective cooling over the engine duty cycle with the minimum consumption of compressor section air. Tests have been conducted at the University of Sussex using a turbine test facility which comprises a two stage turbine with an individual stage pressure ratio of 1.7:1. Main annulus air is supplied by an adapted Rolls-Royce Dart compressor at up to 440 K and 4.8 kg s-1. Cooling flow rates ranging from 0.71 to 1.46 Cw, ent, a disc entrainment parameter, have been used to allow ingress or egress dominated stator well flow conditions. The mechanical design of the test section allows internal cooling geometry to be rapidly re-configured, allowing the effect of jet momentum and coolant trajectory to be investigated. An important facet to this investigation is the use of CFD to model and analyse the flow structures associated with the cavity conditions tested, as well as to inform the design of cooling path geometry. This paper reports on the effectiveness of stator well coolant flow rate and delivery configurations using experimental data and also CFD analysis to better quantify the effect of stator well flow distribution on component temperatures. Copyright © 2011 by Rolls-Royce plc.

微囊藻毒素-RR对反硝化细菌生长及生理特性的影响

用0.01、5.00mg/L微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)处理反硝化细菌,研究了MC-RR对反硝化细菌的生长、培养液中NO3--N和NO2--N含量以及细胞内硝酸还原酶活性的影响。结果表明,高浓度MC-RR能显著抑制反硝化细菌的生长,延缓其细胞增殖,抑制培养液中硝酸盐含量的降低和亚硝酸盐含量的升高以及细胞内硝酸还原酶的活性,因而可能抑制或减缓生态系统中氮循环的进程。这表明,微囊藻毒素在一定程度上可能调节水体细菌群落。

An investigation of the effects of pneumatic actuator design on slip control for heavy vehicles

Progress in reducing actuator delays in pneumatic brake systems is opening the door for advanced anti-lock braking algorithms to be used on heavy goods vehicles. However, little has been published on slip controllers for air-braked heavy vehicles, or the effects of slow pneumatic actuation on their design and performance. This paper introduces a sliding mode slip controller for air-braked heavy vehicles. The effects of pneumatic actuator delays and flow rates on stopping performance and air (energy) consumption are presented through vehicle simulations. Finally, the simulations are validated with experiments using a hardware-in-the-loop rig. It is shown that for each wheel, pneumatic valves with delays smaller than 3ms and orifice diameters around 8mm provide the best performance. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

水华蓝藻生物质对沉水植物五刺金鱼藻生长的影响

本文研究了蓝藻水华不同的生物质形式对金鱼藻生长和光合活性的影响,结果表明:蓝藻水华的不同生物质形式均不同程度地促进了金鱼藻的生长。在促进金鱼藻植株的长度增长方面,干燥蓝藻的作用最强,新鲜蓝藻次之,腐烂蓝藻作用最弱,但都比对照增长显著。而在促进金鱼藻植株鲜重增长上,干燥蓝藻和新鲜蓝藻的作用几乎相同,为最为明显的;腐烂蓝藻次之;而对照植株的鲜重先增加后下降。在促进金鱼藻分枝上,新鲜蓝藻的作用最强,干燥蓝藻和腐烂蓝藻次之,对照的分枝随时间也逐渐增加,但是要比经过蓝藻处理的试验组少。测定的叶绿素荧光参数表明,干燥

Alternative approaches to slum upgrading in Kibera, Nairobi

This paper discusses the sustainability of two different approaches to upgrade water and sanitation infrastructure in Kenya's largest informal settlement, Kibera. A background to the urbanisation of poverty is outlined along with approaches to urban slums. Two case studies of completed interventions of infrastructure upgrading have been investigated. In one case study, the upgrading method driven by a non-government organisation uses an integrated livelihoods and partnership technique at community level to create an individual project. In the other case study, the method is a collaboration between the government and a multi-lateral agency to deliver upgraded services as part of a country-wide programme. The 'bottom-up' (project) and 'top-down' (programme) approaches both seek sustainability and aim to achieve this in the same context using different techniques. This paper investigates the sustainability of each approach. The merits and challenges of the approaches are discussed with the projected future of Kibera. The paper highlights the valuable opportunity for the role of appropriate engineering infrastructure for sustainable urban development, as well as the alleviation of poverty in a developing context.

五氯苯酚与腐殖酸作用的荧光猝灭效应研究

通过对五氯苯酚与腐殖酸作用的荧光猝灭效应研究,探讨了五氯苯酚与腐殖酸之间的相互作用机理．结果表明,五氯苯酚可以有规律地猝灭腐殖酸的内源荧光,其猝灭机理可认为是五氯苯酚和腐殖酸形成复合物的静态猝灭,五氯苯酚与腐殖酸的结合常数较大,说明腐殖酸能够有效吸附五氯苯酚分子,形成复合物;并获得了不同温度下,五氯苯酚与腐殖酸作用的结合常数和热力学参数．根据所得结果可推断五氯苯酚与腐殖酸的主要作用力为氢键和范德华力．

复合垂直流人工湿地污水处理系统硝化与反硝化作用

研究了复合垂直流人工湿地各基质层的硝化与反硝化菌数量以及硝化与反硝化作用强度 .结果表明 ,基质中硝化菌数量为 7 5× 10 3 ～ 1 1× 10 5MPN·g-1,反硝化菌数量为 7 5× 10 6～ 1 1× 10 7MPN·g-1.硝化作用强度为 0 0 1～ 6 35 μg·(g·d) -1,反硝化作用强度为 3 37～ 4 19μg·(g·d) -1.沿水流方向硝化菌数量和硝化作用强度明显降低 ,其变化趋势呈显著正相关 (r =0 96 6 1,p <0 0 0 1) .反硝化菌数量和反硝化

人工湿地基质中酶活性和细菌生理群的时空动态特征

对复合垂直流人工湿地基质中 6种酶酶活性和 5种细菌生理类群数量进行了测定 .结果表明各种酶酶活性在不同月份存在显著差异 (p <0 . 0 5 ) :纤维素酶、蛋白酶和磷酸酶在 6月、9月和 12月时都表现出较高的酶活性 ,并且都显著地高于 3月的酶活性 ;β 葡萄糖苷酶在 6月时酶活性显著地高于其它月 ;而脲酶活性在 9月和 12月时极显著地高于 3月和 6月 (p <0 . 0 1) ;脱氢酶酶活性在 6月和 12月时明显高于 3月和 9月 .相比较而言 ,6种酶酶活性的空间特征较为一致 ,下行流池

人工湿地-氧化塘工艺组合对氮和磷去除效果研究

本文在小试规模上,研究了下行流湿地、推流床湿地、氧化塘和兼性塘四种处理单元的四种工艺组合对氮、磷的去除效果,研究结果表明:下行流湿地+氧化塘工艺组合具有较好的充氧效果,推流床湿地后置也可以提高出水的溶解氧。四种工艺组合对离子和TP、IP的去除无显著差异。人工湿地中硝化作用的发生有利于NH+4 N的去除,增加氧化塘可以提高系统的硝化能力,但同时也会增加出水中的NO-3 N浓度。

水生植物在污水处理和水质改善中的应用

介绍了水生植物在污水治理中的应用。通过与其他方法的比较 ,说明了水生植物净化法有其独特的优点。分别阐述了低等植物藻类及高等水生植物净化污水的应用类型、方式 ,应用范围及净化机理 ,还对高等水生植物的选取标准作了描述。指出了该方法使用的可行性 ,并对其应用前景作出了展望。