Growth and optical properties of peculiar ZnO tetrapods

Regular ZnO tetrapods with different morphologies have been obtained on Si(100) substrate via the chemical vapour deposition approach. Varying the growth temperature and gas rate, we have obtained different structured ZnO materials: tetrapods with a large hexagonal crown, a flat top and a small hexagonal crown. The results suggest that these tetrapods are all single crystals with a wurtzite structure that grow along the (0001) direction. However, photoluminescence spectra shows that their optical properties are quite different: for those with large hexagonal crown, the green emission overwhelms that of the near band-edge (NBE) ultraviolet (UV) peak, while others have only a strong NBE UV peak at ~386 nm.

Molecular dynamics simulation of hydrogen enhancing dislocation emission

The interactive pair potential between Al and H is obtained based on the ab initio calculation and the Chen-Mobius 3D lattice inversion formula. By utilizing the pair potentials calculated, the effects of hydrogen on the dislocation emission from crack tip have been studied. The simulated result shows that hydrogen can reduce the cohesive strength for Al single crystal, and then the critical stress intensity factor for partial dislocation emission decreases from 0.11 MPa root m (C-H = 0) to 0.075 MPa root m (C-H=0.72%) and 0.06 MPa root m (C-H = 1.44%). This indicates thar hydrogen can enhance the dislocation emission. The simulation also shows that atoms of hydrogen can gather and turn into small bubbles, resulting in enhancement of the equilibrium vacancy concentration.

The hemodynamic effects of in-tandem carotid artery stenosis: implications for carotid endarterectomy.

OBJECTIVES: It remains controversial whether patients with severe disease of the internal carotid artery and a coexisting stenotic lesion downstream would benefit from a carotid endarterectomy (CEA) of the proximal lesion. The aim of this study was to simulate the hemodynamic and wall shear effects of in-tandem internal carotid artery stenosis using a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) idealized model to give insight into the possible consequences of CEA on these lesions. METHODS: A CFD model of steady viscous flow in a rigid tube with two asymmetric stenoses was introduced to simulate blood flow in arteries with multiple constrictions. The effect of varying the distance between the two stenoses, and the severity of the upstream stenosis on the pressure and wall shear stress (WSS) distributions on the second plaque, was investigated. The influence of the relative positions of the two stenoses was also assessed. RESULTS: The distance between the plaques was found to have minimal influence on the overall hemodynamic effect except for the presence of a zone of low WSS (range -20 to 30 dyne/cm2) adjacent to both lesions when the two stenoses were sufficiently close (<4 times the arterial diameter). The upstream stenosis was protective if it was larger than the downstream stenosis. The relative positions of the stenoses were found to influence the WSS but not the pressure distribution. CONCLUSIONS: The geometry and positions of the lesions need to be considered when considering the hemodynamic effects of an in-tandem stenosis. Low WSS is thought to cause endothelial dysfunction and initiate atheroma formation. The fact that there was a flow recirculation zone with low WSS in between the two stenoses may demonstrate how two closely positioned plaques may merge into one larger lesion. Decision making for CEA may need to take into account the hemodynamic situation when an in-tandem stenosis is found. CFD may aid in the risk stratification of patients with this problem.

Evaluación de diferentes niveles de ofrecimiento de concentrado comercial adicionando forraje verde ad libitum en conejos durante el período de ceba

El ensayo estudió el efecto de cuatro niveles de ofrecimiento de concentrado comercial, adicionando forraje verde ad libitum en conejos durante el período de ceba. El forraje verde suministrado, consistió en una mezcla pi­cada, que contenía en base a peso fresco el 75% de hojas de musa. sp (plátano), 15% de hojas cajanus cajan (gandul) y 15% de hojas de pennisetum purpureum (taiwán). En el tratamiento utilizado como testigo T1, se suministró pienso comercial en cantidades en gramos por día por gazapo de 96, 129, 145, 158 y 162 para las semanas uno, dos, tres y cuatro respectivamente, para el tratamiento T2, se suministró el 75% del concentrado comercial ofrecido en T1, para el trata­ miento T3, se suministró el 50% del concentrado comercial ofre­cido en T1 y para el tratamiento T4, se suministró el 25% del concentrado comercial ofrecido en T1. Se utilizó un D C A (Diseño completamente aleatorio), incluyendo la covariable peso inicial. El período de evaluación fue de 35 días, con un tiempo de adaptación al alimento de 5 días. Las unidades experimentales fueron 22 gazapos al destete de 34 y 35 días de edad, nacidos en la granja, presentado caracteristicas entre las razas: Neozelandis, California, Pardo, Mariposa y Chinchilla. Se encontró efecto significativo al 0.05 para los tratamientos y no significativo al 0.05 para la covariable peso inicial, siendo las variables respuestas: Consumo de concentrado, consumo de forraje, ganancia media diaria, relación consumo de concentrado entre incremento de peso y relación consumo de forraje entre incremento de peso. Se obtuvieron ganancias medias promedios en gramos por día de 32.2, 28.57, 25.03 y 12.82. Los costos de alimentación en córdobas por gazapo en los 35 días de evaluación fueron 8.23, 6.29, 4.33 y 2.39, que se determinaron en base al análisis de presupuestos parciales, obteniendo un beneficio neto en córdobas de 32.95, 31.66, 30.28 y 21.619 para los tratamientos T1, T2, T3 y T4 respectivamente, a una taza de cambio de C$8.05: US$ 1.