复合藻-菌净化系统处理麦秆造纸废液初步研究

在室内模拟条件下,采用正交设计法建立了一种由蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)、鱼腥藻7120(Anabaena sp.PCC7120)、硝化细菌(Nitrate bacteria)和荚膜红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas capsulata)组成的复合藻-菌净化系统去除造纸废液中有机质和氨态氮的最优化模型,确定了藻类与细菌的最优化数量配比关系为蛋白核小球藻∶鱼腥藻7120∶硝化细菌∶荚膜红假单胞菌=1∶2.17∶2.83∶5.09.比较了复合藻-菌净化系统最优化模型与单

The night purging of a two-storey atrium building

We examine the fluid mechanics of night purging in a two-storey naturally ventilated atrium building. We develop a mathematical model of a simplified atrium building and focus on the rate at which warm air purges from each storey and the atrium by displacement ventilation into a still cool night environment of a constant temperature. To develop a first insight into how the geometry of the building influences the rate at which warm air purges from each storey via the atrium we neglect heat exchange with the fabric (so there is no thermal buffering) and furthermore assume that the warm air layers in each storey and the atrium are of uniform temperature. The plumes of warm air that rise from the storeys into the atrium, causing the atrium to fill with warm air, have a very strong influence on the night purge. Modelling these as axisymmetric turbulent plumes, we identify three forms of purging behaviour. Each purge is characterised by five key times identified in the progression of the night purge and physical rationale for these differing behaviours is given. An interface velocity deficit and volumetric purge deficit are introduced as measures of the efficiency of a night purge. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.

香溪河河流连续统特征研究

以香溪河附石藻类密度、藻类叶绿素a浓度、Shannon Wiener多样性指数及生态系统初级生产力随河流级别的变化为例探索该河流的连续统特征 .结果表明 ,附石藻类密度、藻类叶绿素a浓度和Shan non Wiener多样性指数总体上都有随着河流级别增加而增加的趋势 ,但在 1～ 3级河段之间这种趋势并不明显 ,甚至出现了逆转 .河流初级生产力也有随河流级别增加而增加的趋势 ,并在第 4级河流达到最大 ,随后有所下降 .在全水系范围内河流初级生产力 (P)与群落呼吸 (R)比值P/R均大于 1,说明香溪河

构建湿地堵塞问题的研究

研究了复合垂直流构建湿地 (IVCW)中与填料堵塞相关的填料粒径、渗透性能、有机质含量等因素的变化 .经过颗粒分析得知填料粒径在 2～ 5mm间 ,运用自制的砂样管对填料进行原位采样 ,渗透试验结果表明IVCW填料层的渗透系数随填料深度的增加而增加 .IVCW填料各层中 ,渗透系数最小值存在于表层以下 15～ 30cm处 .IVCW系统运行 5 2个月后 ,仅填料表面至 15cm深处有少量有机质存在 ,15cm深度以下有机质含量极少 ,表明IVCW系统运行稳定 ,未出现堵塞现象 .文中通过分析填料堵塞的影

微囊藻毒素的提取纯化方法比较(英文)

研究了从天然蓝藻水华藻粉中提微囊藻毒素,以及对提取物纯化的方法。通过对比不同提取剂的提取效果,发现浓度为80％的甲醇溶液提取效率最高,但采用乙醇作为替代提取剂也有较好的效率,且方法更为安全。对于提取物的纯化,可通过调节溶剂的pH至等电点以除去对反相填料具有负作用的藻胆蛋白。研究结果为更高效地纯化微囊藻毒素提供了依据。

两种异养性鞭毛虫实验种群数量动态的比较研究

１９９９年４－８月从武昌东湖ＰＦＵ样本中分离纯化了两种异养性鞭毛虫，对四种不同浓度Ｃｅｒａｐｈｙｌ培养液中的种群增长进行了比较研究。结果表明这两种异养性鞭毛虫种群的数量动态显著不同，聚滴虫在四种浓度Ｃｅｒａｐｈｙｌ培养液中均呈逻辑斯谛增长；而舞行波豆虫在四种浓度Ｃｅｒａｐｈｙｌ培养液中的增长曲线均为抛物线。拟合组建了种群增长方程，并论证了方程可信度及其参数的生态学意义。

Americium nuclear battery for space power applications

The work presents simplified242mAm fueled nuclear battery concept design featuring direct fission products energy conversion and passive heat rejection. The performed calculations of power conversion efficiency under thermal and nuclear design constraints showed that 14 W/kg power density can be achieved, which corresponds to conversion efficiency of about 6%. Total power of the battery scales linearly with its surface area. 144 kW of electric power can be produced by a nuclear battery with an external radius of about 174 cm and total mass of less than 10300 kg. The mass of242m Am fuel for such a system is 3200 gram.

稀有鮈鲫对草鱼出血病病毒敏感性的初步研究

本文报道稀有鲫对草鱼出血病病毒（ＧＣＨＶ）的敏感性。ＧＣＨＶ是草鱼出血病的病原，用ＧＣＨＶ人工感好１－６月龄的稀有鲫，在水温２２－３２℃时能导致稀有鲫出现出血病症状。在水温２８℃时，病鱼在ｌｄ内死亡，潜伏期为５ｄ，发病高峰期在感染后第６－８ｄ。ＧＣＨＶ能在稀有鲫体内传代，并诱导８０％以上的稀行鲫患病死亡。将人工感染ＧＣＨＶ的稀有鲫病鱼组织超薄切片，电镜观察，发现在肠道、脾脏、肾脏等组织中存在大小与形态和ＧＣＨＶ相似的病毒颗粒。从稀有鲫出血病病鱼组织中纯化病毒，免疫电镜观察，发现病毒颗粒能被ＧＣＨＶ的特异性

人生长激素基因在转基因鲤鱼体内的遗传

通过有性繁殖转移人生长激素基因鲤鱼(P_1),获得了转基因鲤鱼的子一代(F_1)和子二代(F_2);外源基因在转基因P_1与普通鲤鱼杂交产生的F_1代和转基因F_1代自交产生的F_2代鱼中的存在率分别为45.4%和66.7%;外源基因拷贝数在子代个体之间存在很大差异,从每细胞2拷贝到每细胞200拷贝不等;外源基因在转基因鱼子代中仍可表达具有生物功能的产物,人生长激素(hGH),并能促进鱼的生长。

湖北省的鱼类及其分布

据笔者记录湖北省现有鱼类12目25科106属201种和亚种,其中以鲤科鱼类的东亚地理类群为主。由于湖北省北部、西部和西南部分别受黄河、长江上游、珠江水系的影响,地处南北交错地带,因此,其鱼类区系成分复杂多样,地理分布具有明显的地域性。

On high-frequency noise scattering by aerofoils in flow

Abstract A theoretical model is developed for the sound scattered when a sound wave is incident on a cambered aerofoil at non-zero angle of attack. The model is based on the linearization of the Euler equations about a steady subsonic flow, and is an adaptation of previous work which considered incident vortical disturbances. Only high-frequency sound waves are considered. The aerofoil thickness, camber and angle of attack are restricted such that the steady flow past the aerofoil is a small perturbation to a uniform flow. The singular perturbation analysis identifies asymptotic regions around the aerofoil; local 'inner' regions, which scale on the incident wavelength, at the leading and trailing edges of the aerofoil; Fresnel regions emanating from the leading and trailing edges of the aerofoil due to the coalescence of singularities and points of stationary phase; a wake transition region downstream of the aerofoil leading and trailing edge; and an outer region far from the aerofoil and wake. An acoustic boundary layer on the aerofoil surface and within the transition region accounts for the effects of curvature. The final result is a uniformly-valid solution for the far-field sound; the effects of angle of attack, camber and thickness are investigated. © 2013 Cambridge University Press.

Computational analysis of liquid crystalline elastomer membranes: Changing Gaussian curvature without stretch energy

Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) can undergo extremely large reversible shape changes when exposed to external stimuli, such as mechanical deformations, heating or illumination. The deformation of LCEs result from a combination of directional reorientation of the nematic director and entropic elasticity. In this paper, we study the energetics of initially flat, thin LCE membranes by stress driven reorientation of the nematic director. The energy functional used in the variational formulation includes contributions depending on the deformation gradient and the second gradient of the deformation. The deformation gradient models the in-plane stretching of the membrane. The second gradient regularises the non-convex membrane energy functional so that infinitely fine in-plane microstructures and infinitely fine out-of-plane membrane wrinkling are penalised. For a specific example, our computational results show that a non-developable surface can be generated from an initially flat sheet at cost of only energy terms resulting from the second gradients. That is, Gaussian curvature can be generated in LCE membranes without the cost of stretch energy in contrast to conventional materials. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

青、草、鲢、鳙、鲤对氢离子浓度的生存适应性

<正> 一、引言氢离子浓度(pH值)的变化对于水生生物,特别是鱼类的生活常常被认为是直接或间接发生影响的因子之一。1920年,M.E.Jewell氏开始注意到水质的氢离子浓度变化对于两栖类蝌蚪代谢和再生作用的影响,他发现最适宜的氢离子浓度是中性或接近中性,同时发现再生率和再生总量和水中溶氧含量有密切关系。E.B.Power氏(1922)开始注意到氢离子浓度与鱼类呼吸生理之间的关系。此后,有许多学者研究了氢离子浓度对鱼类耗氧率的影响,以及氢离子浓度对鱼类从水中吸取溶氧机能的影响。其中

Optimization on manifolds: Methods and applications

This paper provides an introduction to the topic of optimization on manifolds. The approach taken uses the language of differential geometry, however,we choose to emphasise the intuition of the concepts and the structures that are important in generating practical numerical algorithms rather than the technical details of the formulation. There are a number of algorithms that can be applied to solve such problems and we discuss the steepest descent and Newton's method in some detail as well as referencing the more important of the other approaches.There are a wide range of potential applications that we are aware of, and we briefly discuss these applications, as well as explaining one or two in more detail. © 2010 Springer -Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Molecular cloning and characterization analysis of immunoglobulin M heavy chain gene in European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

In this study, the immunoglobulin M heavy chain gene of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) was cloned and analyzed. The full-length cDNA of the IgM heavy chain gene (GenBank accession no. EF062515) has 2089 nucleotides encoding a putative protein of 581 amino acids. The IgM heavy chain was composed of leader peptide (L), variable domain (VH), CH1, CH2. Hinge, CH3, CH4, and C-terminus and two novel continuous putative N-glycosylation sites were found close to the second cysteine of CH3 in A. anguilla-H1 and A. anguilla-H2. The deduced amino acid sequence of the European eel IgM heavy chain constant region shared similarities to that of the Ladyfish (Elops saurus). Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Grass carp (Ctenopharingodon idella), Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), and the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) with the identity of 46.1%, 39.7%, 38.9%, 32.4%, 32.3%, 31.7%, and 30.7%, respectively. The highest level of IgM gene expression was observed in the kidney, followed by the spleen, gills, liver, muscle and heart in the apparently healthy European eels. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.