下辽河平原不同磷肥用量对作物产量及潜在养分的影响

通过6年的定位试验,对下辽河平原不同磷肥用量条件下,土壤养分库的建立及磷肥的肥料效应、土壤磷的自然释放速率等进行了研究。结果表明:磷肥可以提高作物的产量,且对大豆的增产幅度大于玉米,但磷肥年用量超过25kg·hm-2时,增产效果不明显;磷肥也可以提高作物的养分移出量,但养分移出量增加的比例大于作物产量增加的比例;磷肥利用率随着磷肥用量的增加而减小,当磷肥年用量为25kg·hm-2时,磷肥利用率约为30%,但残留磷肥转化为有效磷的比例随着磷肥用量的增加而增大;磷肥施入土壤后,残留磷肥转化为迟效磷的比例高达80%,且残留磷肥转化为迟效磷的量随着磷肥用量的增加而增加,这对于构建土壤磷库有重要意义。

基于遥感-过程耦合模型的1988～2004年青海三江源区净初级生产力模拟

三江源区不仅是地处青藏高原的全球气候变化的敏感区,也是我国甚至亚洲最重要河流的上游关键源区。作为提供物质基础的植被净初级生产力(Netprimaryproduction,NPP),是评价生态系统状况的重要指标。该文应用已在碳通量观测塔验证,扩展到区域水平的遥感-过程耦合模型GLOPEM-CEVSA,以空间插值的气象数据和1km分辨率的AVHRR遥感反演的FPAR数据为模型主要输入,模拟并分析了1988～2004年该区NPP时空格局及其控制机制。结果表明,该区植被平均NPP为143.17gC·m–2·a–1,呈自东南向西北逐渐降低的空间格局,其中,以森林NPP最高(267.90gC·m–2·a–1),其次为农田(222.94gC·m–2·a–1)、草地(160.90gC·m–2·a–1)和湿地(161.36gC·m–2·a–1),荒漠最低(36.13gC·m–2·a–1)。其年际变化趋势在空间上呈现出明显的差异,西部地区NPP表现为增加趋势,每10a增加7.8～28.8gC·m–2;而中、东部表现为降低趋势,每10a降低13.1～42.8gC·m–2。根据显著性检验,NPP呈增加趋势(趋势斜率b>0),显著性水平高于99%和95%的区域占研究区总面积的13.43%和20.34%,主要分布在西部地区;NPP呈降低趋势(趋势斜率b<0),显著性水平高于99%和95%的区域占研究区面积的0.75%和3.77%,主要分布在中、东部地区,尤以该区长江和黄河等沿线区分布更为集中,变化显著性也更高。三江源NPP的年际变化趋势的气候驱动力分析表明,整个区域水平上该地区植被生产力受气候变化的主导,西部地区暖湿化趋势,造成了该地区生产力较为明显的、大范围的增加趋势;但东、中部地区则主要受人类活动的影响,特别是长江、黄河等河流沿线,是人类居住活动密集的地区,造成这些地区放牧压力较大、草地退化严重,而该地区暖干化趋势加剧了这一过程。

Biophysical characterization of the interaction of p21 with calmodulin: A mechanistic study

p21 is a protein with important roles in cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Several studies have demonstrated that its intracellular localization plays an important role in the functional regulation and binding of calmodulin favors its nuclear translocation. However, the detail mechanism of the interaction with p21 and calmodulin is not well understood. In this report, peptides derived from the C-terminal of p21 that cover the binding domain of calmodulin were used to investigate the association of p21 with calmodulin.

Preparation of Prussian blue@Pt nanoparticles/carbon nanotubes composite material for efficient determination of H2O2

In this study, the fabrication of an efficient amperometric hydrogen peroxide sensor with favorable properties is presented. Prussian blue (PB) was catalytically synthesized by Pt nanoparticles (Pt-nano) from ferric ferricyanide aqueous solution to form PB@Pt-nano hybrid, and it was confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and optical spectra. The electrochemical behavior of PB@Pt-nano was highly improved through its integration with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) modified carbon nanotubes (PCNTs).

Synthesis, structure and photochromic properties of a novel 1,6-hexanediamine trimolybdate supramolecular compound

A novel supramolecular compound 1,6-hexanediamine trimolybdate ((C6H18N2[Mo3O10], denoted as HDAMo) has been synthesized by a hydrothermal method and its structure has been characterized by elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. This single crystal compound consists of protonated 1,6-hexanediamine (HDA) cations and polyoxometalate [Mo3O10](2-) anions. Its crystal structure belongs to monoclinic system (space group P2(1)/n) with a = 7.7508(14), b = 11.467(2), c = 16.167(3) angstrom, beta = 92.689(3)degrees, V = 143 5.3(5) angstrom(3), Z = 4 and D-ealc = 2.619 g cm(-3). The final statistics based on F-2 are GOF = 0.980, R-1 = 0.0261 and wR(2) = 0.0506 for I > 2 sigma(I). XRD analysis revealed that in the crystal structure of HDAMo, novel infinite [Mo3O10](2-) chains parallel to a axis are made up of distorted MoO6 octahedra connected by corners and edges. The protonated HDA cations occupy channels formed by [Mo(3)O3(10)](2-) Chains and exhibit strong hydrogen bond interactions to terminal and bridging oxo groups of the chains. The [Mo3O10](2-) chains linked through protonated HAD cations formed a one-dimensional network. The HDAMo compound shows novel photochromic properties, i.e., its color changes from white to reddish brown gradually under UV irradiation. XRD, FT-IR, ESR spectra and XPS are used to investigate the photochromic behavior of the compound.

Self-assembled gold nanoparticle chains in presence of silver ions

A simple method has been developed to assemble gold nanoparticles to generate 1D assemblies by the assistance of silver ions. The lengths of nanoparticle chains can be controlled by adjusting the content of silver ions in the system. The assembly procedure of gold nanoparticles chains requires no template. The gold nanoparticle chains were characterized using TEM and XPS techniques.

Influence of structure and lonic radius on solubility limit in the Mg-Re systems

The relationship between structure, ionic radius and electronegativity and solubility of the various rare-earth elements in Mg was studied. It is found that light RE(La-Sm, Eu, Yb) have more complicated phase relation with Mg but the heavy RE(Gd-Lu, Sc) have the similar crystal structure with magnesium. Also it is found that the less electronegativity difference between Mg and RE is, the more solubility limit of RE in Mg is. The fact of the RE solubility decreased in magnesium with lowering temperature suggests that there is a possibility of Mg supersaturated solid solution formation and it will decomposition during aging. According to the rule, an megnesium alloy with higher strength feature was developed. Their mechanical properties are UTS 347MPa, YTS 290MPa and elongation 12.5% at room temperature.

Preparation and microstructure of piezoelectric composites PZT/PVDF

0-3 connectivity piezoelectric composites lead zirconate titanate(PZT)/polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) were prepared. Crystallininity and microstructure of the samples were characterized by SEM, FTIR and WAXD. The results indicated that the PZT powder was blended with non-crystalline phase of PVDF. The composites presented different net-morphology. PVDF existed as g crystalline phase in the composites. The composites presented island type structure with low content of PZT and hard sphere stack in irregular type with high content of PZT.

A Monte Carlo simulation for the micellization of ABC 3-miktoarm star terpolymers in a selective solvent

We have used Monte Carlo simulation to study the micellization of ABC 3-miktoarm star terpolymers in a selective solvent (good to A segment, bad to B and C segments). The simulation results reveal that the self-assembled morphology is determined by the block length, molecular architecture, terpolymer concentration and insolubility of insoluble block in the solvent. In dilute solution, symmetric terpolymers (N-B = N-C = 30) tend to aggregate into a novel wormlike pearl-necklace structure linked by an alternating arrangement of B and C spheres, whereas the asymmetric terpolymers (NB = 10, NC = 50) are likely to aggregate into spherical or cylindrical micelles (formed by C blocks) connected with some small B spheres, when the concentration of terpolymer is relatively low (chain number is 100). However, when the concentration of terpolymer is relatively high (chain number is 250), the symmetric terpolymers tend to aggregate into a netlike structure linked by an alternation of B and C spheres, whereas the asymmetric terpolymers are likely to aggregate into wormlike micelles (formed by C blocks) connected with some of small spheres (formed by B blocks). Moreover, when the insolubility of insoluble block in the solvent is weak, the insoluble blocks aggregate into some incompact micelles.

铁的添加方式对Cu-Mn/ZrO2合成低碳醇催化剂的影响

中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所

Capillary liquid chromatographic-high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis of ribonucleotides

A method of capillary HPLC-high-resolution MS was developed for the trace analysis of ATP, GTP, dATP and dGTP Dimethylhexylamine (DMHA) was used as ion-pairing agent for the HPLC retention and separation of the nucleotides and positive ion electrospray time-of-flight MS was used for the detection. The application of capillary HPLC allowed minimal usage of DMHA while providing excellent peak retention and resolution, which significantly reduced the ion suppression in electrospray ionization-MS analysis and thus increased the sensitivity. Adduct ions of nucleotides and DMHA were used as quantitative ions in order to achieve the best sensitivity. DMHA concentration at 5 mM in the aqueous mobile phase at pH 7 was found to be the optimal conditions for the C Is capillary column. The method was applied to determine ATP level in cultured C6 glioma cells that were treated with toxic concentrations of Zn. The results showed that the cellular ATP level decreased from 2.7 pmol/cell (<10% cell death) in average control cell samples to 0.36 pmol/cell as the concentration of Zn increased to 120 mg/l (>35% cell death) in culture medium.

Amperometric glucose biosensor based on lipid film

A novel glucose biosensor based on cast lipid film was developed. This model of biological membrane was used to supply a biological environment on the surface of the electrode, moreover it could greatly reduce the interference and effectively exclude hydrophilic electroactive material from reaching the detecting surface. TTF was selected as a mediator because of its high electron-transfer efficiency, and it was incorporated in the lipid film firmly. Glucose oxidase was immobilized in hydrogel covered on the lipid film. The effects of pH, operating potential were explored for the optimum analytical performance by using amperometric method. The response time of the biosensor was less than 20 s, and the linear range is up to 10 mmol l(-1) (corr. coeff. 0.9932) with the detection limit of 2 x 10(-5) mol l(-1). The biosensor also exihibited good stability and reproducibility. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

Mechanical properties of poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(ethylene oxide) blends

Tensile properties of poly (P-hydroxybutyrate)/poly (ethylene oxide) (PHB/PEO) blends were reported in this paper. It was found that the blends of PHB with different molecular-weight PEO exhibited different mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the blends of PHB and PEO3 (M-w=0.3x10(6)) were very poor. However, the blends of PHB and PEO5 (M-w=5x10(6)) showed compatible in mechanical properties. Excellent synergism was observed not only in tensile stress and tensile elongation but also in modulus. Moreover, the ductility of the blends could be improved further under proper heat-treatment.

聚β-羟基丁酸酯/聚氧化乙烯共混体系力学性能研究

本文详细研究了可完全生物降解的聚 β 羟基丁酸酯 (PHB)与水溶性聚氧化乙烯 (PEO)两元共混体系的拉伸力学性能 .讨论了PEO分子量、共混组成及热处理条件对共混体系力学性能的影响 .其中 ,PHB与超高分子量PEO(重均分子量 5× 10 6)共混 ,两组分力学上具有相容性 ,共混物的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及模量都有明显的正的协同效应 .共混改性效果显著PHB的力学性能得到很大改善 ,尤其PHB的脆性缺陷 .并且 ,共混物在经过适当温度退火处理之后 ,共混物性能还可进一步改善

Advanced research work on radiation cross-linking of polymers in CIAC

Recent research carried out at the Chinese Institute of Applied Chemistry has contributed significantly to the understanding of the radiation chemistry of polymers. High energy radiation has been successfully used to cross-link fluoropolymers and polyimides. Here chain flexibility has been shown to play an important role, and T-type structures were found to exist in the cross-linked fluoropolymers. A modified Charlesby-Pinner equation, based upon the importance of chain flexibility, was developed to account for the sol-radiation dose relationship in systems of this type. An XPS method has been developed to measure the cross-linking yields in aromatic polymers and fluoropolymers, based upon the dose dependence of the aromatic shake-up peaks and the F/C ratios, respectively. Methods for radiation cross-linking degrading polymers in polymer blends have also been developed, as have methods for improving the radiation resistance of polymers through radiation cross-linking.