飞秒激光诱导玻璃功能微结构

玻璃是一种传统材料，通过利用外场对玻璃进行空间选择性的微结构调控，发挥微结构的协同效应、量子效应和干涉效应等，可以赋予玻璃高功能和全新性能。本文阐述了近年来发展迅速的飞秒激光与玻璃相互作用的特征，介绍了我们利用飞秒激光诱导折射率变化直写三维光波导、微光栅和光散射型光纤衰减器，进行活性离子（稀土、过渡和重金属离子）的价态操作及应用和发现的基于飞秒激光与玻璃非线性相互作用的偏振依赖的纳米光栅形成机制。

Circulation dans la partie orientale de l'Atlantique sud

The authors studied the circulation in the South Tropical Atlantic from hydrology and current measurements made during a cruise of the N.O. Capricorne in Nov 1971. Direct current measurements confirm the existence of the eastwards South Equatorial Counter-Current. The authors discuss the counter-current as confirmed by current measurements and high salinity core.

Newly designed multilayer thin film mirror for dispersion compensation in Ti:sapphire femtosecond lasers

There are two different effects to generate group delay dispersion by multilayer thin film mirrors: chirper effect and Gires-Tournois effect. Both effects are employed to introduce desired dispersion in the designed mirror. Thus the designed mirror provides large dispersion throughout broad waveband. Such mirror can be used for dispersion compensation in Ti:sapphire femtosecond lasers. Most group delay dispersion of a 5-mm Ti:sapphire crystal can be compensated perfectly with only four bounces of the designed mirror.

Nonpolarizing guided-mode resonance filter

A normal-incidence nonpolarizing guided-mode resonance filter is designed. There are two waveguide layers and one grating layer in the filter. By adjusting the distance between the two waveguide layers, the same resonance wavelength for both TE and TM polarization can be achieved. An antireflection design method is also used to decrease the sideband reflection of the filter. The results show that the filter has high reflection, more than 99.9% at 500 nm, and the FW-HMs of TE- and TM-polarized light are 2.16 and 0.15 nm, respectively. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America

Species of the rougheye rockfish complex: resurrection of Sebastes melanostictus (Matsubara, 1934) and a redescription of Sebastes aleutianus (Jordan and Evermann, 1898)(Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes)

The widespread and commercially important rougheye rockfish, Sebastes aleutianus (Jordan and Evermann, 1898), has been considered a single variable species, with light- and dark-colored forms, found on the outer continental shelf and upper slope of the North Pacific Ocean. Genetic analysis of 124 specimens verified the presence of two species in new specimens collected from Alaska to Oregon, and the two species were analyzed for distinguishing color patterns and morphological characters. Characters distinguishing the two were extended to an analysis of 215 additional formalin-fixed specimens representing their geographic ranges. Sebastes aleutianus is pale, often has dark mottling on the dorsum in diffuse bands, and does not have distinct dark spots on the spinous dorsal fin; it ranges from the eastern Aleutian Islands and southeastern Bering Sea to California. Sebastes melanostictus (Matsubara, 1934), the blackspotted rockfish, ranges from central Japan, through the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, to southern California. It is darker overall and spotting is nearly always present on the spinous dorsal fin. Sebastes swifti (Evermann and Goldsborough, 1907) is a synonym of S. aleutianus; S. kawaradae (Matsubara, 1934) is a synonym of S. melanostictus. The subgenus Zalopyr is restricted to S. aleutianus and S. melanostictus. Nomenclatural synonymies, diagnoses, descriptions, and distributions are provided for each species.

Estimating consumption rates of juvenile sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus) in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, using a bioenergetics model*

Using a bioenergetics model, we estimated daily ration and seasonal prey consumption rates for six age classes of juvenile sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus) in the lower Chesapeake Bay summer nursery area. The model, incorporating habitat and species-specific data on growth rates, metabolic rate, diet composition, water temperature (range 16.8−27.9°C), and population structure, predicted mean daily rations between 2.17 ±0.03 (age-0) and 1.30 ±0.02 (age-5) % body mass/day. These daily rations are higher than earlier predictions for sandbar sharks but are comparable to those for ecologically similar shark species. The total nursery population of sandbar sharks was predicted to consume ~124,000 kg of prey during their 4.5 month stay in the Chesapeake Bay nursery. The predicted consumption rates support the conclusion that juvenile sandbar sharks exert a lesser top-down effect on the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem than do teleost piscivores and hu