Hypertension et vitamine D: retour sur la scène [Hypertension and vitamin D: not again].

Vitamin D deficiency , defined by a 25-OH vitamin D3 plasma level < 30 ng/ml, is highly prevalent in the population. Several observational studies have suggested that such a deficiency increases the risk of hypertension development. Vitamin D seems to have an inhibitory effect on renin secretion and might by this mechanism exert an antihypertensive effect. Recent randomized trials have failed however to demonstrate a blood pressure lowering effect of vitamin D supplementation.

ATP release due to Thy-1-integrin binding induces P2X7-mediated calcium entry required for focal adhesion formation.

Thy-1, an abundant mammalian glycoprotein, interacts with αvβ3 integrin and syndecan-4 in astrocytes and thus triggers signaling events that involve RhoA and its effector p160ROCK, thereby increasing astrocyte adhesion to the extracellular matrix. The signaling cascade includes calcium-dependent activation of protein kinase Cα upstream of Rho; however, what causes the intracellular calcium transients required to promote adhesion remains unclear. Purinergic P2X7 receptors are important for astrocyte function and form large non-selective cation pores upon binding to their ligand, ATP. Thus, we evaluated whether the intracellular calcium required for Thy-1-induced cell adhesion stems from influx mediated by ATP-activated P2X7 receptors. Results show that adhesion induced by the fusion protein Thy-1-Fc was preceded by both ATP release and sustained intracellular calcium elevation. Elimination of extracellular ATP with Apyrase, chelation of extracellular calcium with EGTA, or inhibition of P2X7 with oxidized ATP, all individually blocked intracellular calcium increase and Thy-1-stimulated adhesion. Moreover, Thy-1 mutated in the integrin-binding site did not trigger ATP release, and silencing of P2X7 with specific siRNA blocked Thy-1-induced adhesion. This study is the first to demonstrate a functional link between αvβ3 integrin and P2X7 receptors, and to reveal an important, hitherto unanticipated, role for P2X7 in calcium-dependent signaling required for Thy-1-stimulated astrocyte adhesion.

Three-dimensional patient-specific dosimetry in radioimmunotherapy with 90Y-ibritumomab-tiuxetan.

Aim of the present article was to perform three-dimensional (3D) single photon emission tomography-based dosimetry in radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with (90)Y-ibritumomab-tiuxetan. A custom MATLAB-based code was used to elaborate 3D images and to compare average 3D doses to lesions and to organs at risk (OARs) with those obtained with planar (2D) dosimetry. Our 3D dosimetry procedure was validated through preliminary phantom studies using a body phantom consisting of a lung insert and six spheres with various sizes. In phantom study, the accuracy of dose determination of our imaging protocol decreased when the object volume decreased below 5 mL, approximately. The poorest results were obtained for the 2.58 mL and 1.30 mL spheres where the dose error evaluated on corrected images with regard to the theoretical dose value was -12.97% and -18.69%, respectively. Our 3D dosimetry protocol was subsequently applied on four patients before RIT with (90)Y-ibritumomab-tiuxetan for a total of 5 lesions and 4 OARs (2 livers, 2 spleens). In patient study, without the implementation of volume recovery technique, tumor absorbed doses calculated with the voxel-based approach were systematically lower than those calculated with the planar protocol, with average underestimation of -39% (range from -13.1% to -62.7%). After volume recovery, dose differences reduce significantly, with average deviation of -14.2% (range from -38.7.4% to +3.4%, 1 overestimation, 4 underestimations). Organ dosimetry in one case overestimated, in the other underestimated the dose delivered to liver and spleen. However, both for 2D and 3D approach, absorbed doses to organs per unit administered activity are comparable with most recent literature findings.

Late Onset Cystoid Macular Oedema Following Surgery for Radiation Induced Cataract in Patient With Retinoblastoma

Purpose: Cystoid macular oedema (CMO) is a very rare condition following cataract surgery in paediatric population. Nevertheless, we report a case series of patients with radiation induced cataract after retinoblastoma (Rb) treatment that underwent cataract surgery and developed subsequently late onset CMO. Methods: Between January 1984 and December 2009, 25 consecutive eyes (25 patients) with Rb presented with radiation induced cataract surgery at the Jules Gonin Eye Hospital. Sixteen eyes (16 patients) had prior radiation induced retinopathy and maculopathy (IRM). Out of these, 3 eyes (3 patients) developed CMO after cataract surgery. Results: One eye had Rb stage B, and 2 eyes had stage D International classification. All of them developed IRM following brachytherapy and/or external beam irradiation. Patients underwent phako-aspiration and in bag intraocular lens implantation after IRM had resolved. Mean age at cataract surgery was 10.7 ± 2.8 (SEM) (range 5-14) years old. Mean time between resolution of IRM and cataract surgery was 76.0 ± 27.2 (SEM) (range 24-116) months. Mean time of onset CMO after cataract surgery was 81.0 ± 34.4 (SEM) (range 13-124) months. There was no other underlying vascular or tractional factor for CMO development. All of them were treated with a combination of oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, topical steroid and topical non-steroid. Mean macular thickness pre-, during-, and post CMO were 134.0 ± 10.3, 298.0 ± 37.1, and 154.0 ± 4.0 (SEM) µm, respectively. Mean best corrected visual acuity pre-, during-, and post CMO were 0.31 ± 0.19, 0.46 ± 0.12, and 0.34 ± 0.18 (SEM) LogMAR, respectively. Mean time for CMO reabsorption was 17.0 ± 9.8 (SEM) months. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, CMO following paediatric cataract surgery is a very uncommon condition. Moreover, late onset CMO after phako-aspiration for radiation induced cataract in Rb patients has never been described. It is a rare complication but can be treated successfully.

Relationships between host plant architecture and gall abundance and survival

The plant architecture hypothesis predicts that variation in host plant architecture influences insect herbivore community structure, dynamics and performance. In this study we evaluated the effects of Macairea radula (Melastomataceae) architecture on the abundance of galls induced by a moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Plant architecture and gall abundance were directly recorded on 58 arbitrarily chosen M. radula host plants in the rainy season of 2006 in an area of Cerrado vegetation, southeastern Brazil. Plant height, dry biomass, number of branches, number of shoots and leaf abundance were used as predicting variables of gall abundance and larval survival. Gall abundance correlated positively with host plant biomass and branch number. Otherwise, no correlation (p > 0.05) was found between gall abundance with shoot number or with the number of leaves/plant. From a total of 124 galls analyzed, 67.7% survived, 14.5% were attacked by parasitoids, while 17.7% died due to unknown causes. Larvae that survived or were parasitized were not influenced by architectural complexity of the host plant. Our results partially corroborate the plant architecture hypothesis, but since parasitism was not related to plant architecture it is argued that bottom-up effects may be more important than top-down effects in controlling the population dynamics of the galling lepidopteran. Because galling insects often decrease plant fitness, the potential of galling insects in selecting for less architectural complex plants is discussed.

O Uso de Técnicas Isotópicas na Discriminação dos Processos Envolvidos na Mineralização das Águas Subterrâneas da Ilha de Maio (Cabo Verde): Contributo para a Gestão dos Recursos Hídricos Subterrâneos

ara além dos processos naturais, a mineralização das águas subterrâneas em ambientes costeiros e insulares pode ser influenciada diretamente pela massa de água oceânica. Este processo está relacionado com o equilíbrio da chamada interface água doce/água salgada que, mesmo em condições naturais, poderá contribuir para a salinização das águas doces continentais. O presente estudo foi realizado na ilha de Maio (Cabo Verde), uma das quatro ilhas pertencentes ao grupo do sotavento. É uma das mais planas ilhas do Arquipélago, atingindo uma altitude máxima de 436 m no Monte Penoso. Inserida na região Saheliana, a ilha de Maio apresenta um clima do tipo árido, com uma precipitação média anual de 124 mm e uma temperatura média de 24,4 ºC. Os aspectos climáticos da ilha do Maio e as suas características geológicas determinam uma mineralização relativamente elevada das águas subterrâneas, com valores de condutividade eléctrica maioritariamente superiores a 1 mS/cm. Além dos factores antes referidos, a mineralização destas águas parece estar, pelo menos em alguns casos, influenciada pela fraca inclinação da interface água doce/água salgada nas áreas litorais. Não obstante, subsistem dúvidas sobre a intervenção relativa dos diferentes processos na mineralização global das águas subterrâneas. As técnicas isotópicas têm-se revelado uma ferramenta útil na discriminação dos diferentes processos e na identificação do fenómeno de intrusão salina. Desta forma, no presente estudo apresentam-se resultados isotópicos de amostras de águas subterrâneas da ilha de Maio, no sentido de averiguar da existência de situações de salinização resultantes da intrusão das massas de água oceânicas.

Comentario general sobre el desarrollo del crucero de evaluación del recurso merluza en invierno de 1996. Cr. BIC SNP-1 9607-08

Describe los aspectos metodológicos aplicados en el desarrollo del crucero de evaluación del recurso merluza en invierno de 1996, consistente en dos etapas: un rastreo acústico basado en un muestréo sistemático con lances de comprobación y una evaluación por área barrida propiamente dicha. Así mismo, presenta la estructura y nivel de la población de merluza, las condiciones oceanográficas y la estructura del subsistema demersal.

Situación del stock de merluza (Merluccius gayi peruanus) en invierno de 1996

Describe las acciones ejecutadas por el Crucero evaluación del recurso merluza, en el invierno de 1996, para determinar las características del stock y conocer la biomasa, concluyendo en sus estudios que la actividad pesquera de la merluza ha mostrado un crecimiento inusitado desde hace tres años, alcanzando niveles de desembarque muy altos, con una incidencia en la captura de juveniles.

Comportamiento de la red de arrastre de fondo granton 400/127 en la evaluación de los recursos demersales. Invierno 1996

Resultados del monitoreo del comportamiento de la red Granton 400/127, utilizada durante el crucero de evaluación de recursos demersales del Crucero BIC SNP-1 9607-08. Se analizan mediante modelos de regresión lineal y múltiple transformada, las relaciones entre los principales factores que intervienen en la geometría de la red de arrastre de fondo. Se desprende que existe una gran variación entre la abertura horizontal (AH) abertura vertical (AV) y área de la boca de la red, a mayor profundidad (Estrato II y III), debido a la configuración del fondo, velocidad de arrastre, cantidad de cable principal, condiciones de corrientes, etc.

Respuesta selectiva de la red de fondo granton 400/127 en el estudio de recursos demersales. Invierno 1966

Se estudia la respuesta selectiva de la red de la arrastre de fondo Granton 400/127, durante el crucero de evaluación de recursos demersales a bordo del BIC SNP-1 9607-08, empleando el método de copo cubierto, con un tamaño de malla de 90 mm (Poliamida PA-nylon). Se obtuvieron las ojivas de selección mediante los métodos de ojiva natural y curva logística, para la zona de pesca de Paita (03°30 ' S- 06°00 'S), presentando un L50% =35,9 y 35,71 cm respectivamente. Se encontró un factor de selección (FS) = 3,95, factor de perímetro (FP) = 0,46 y un máximo factor de selección igual a 4,34. Los resultados fueron mayores que en el experimento modelo de selectividad con red de arrastre de fondo, realizado en verano de 1996.