998 resultados para temporal bone


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This thesis investigates the problem of estimating the three-dimensional structure of a scene from a sequence of images. Structure information is recovered from images continuously using shading, motion or other visual mechanisms. A Kalman filter represents structure in a dense depth map. With each new image, the filter first updates the current depth map by a minimum variance estimate that best fits the new image data and the previous estimate. Then the structure estimate is predicted for the next time step by a transformation that accounts for relative camera motion. Experimental evaluation shows the significant improvement in quality and computation time that can be achieved using this technique.

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O presente trabalho desenvolve os seguintes temas: Estudo da distribuição temporal das chuvas, determinando a frequencia com que ocorrem veranicos e chuvas maiores que um limite especificado e suas durações médias; Avaliação do ciclo de ocorrência das chuvas dentro do ano, ou seja, o ciclo segue alguma tendência ou ocorre ao acaso; Avaliação de possíveis associações entre a distribuição temporal e espacial das chuvas e os fenômenos La niña, El niño e Dipolo do Atlântico. Assim, o presente trabalho objetiva a determinação da periodicidade da ocorrência de chuvas e veranicos em uma pequena área, sobre a influência de fenômenos climáticos ou não.

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Este trabalho visa o desenvolvimento de um sistema computacional que implemente os conceitos geoestatísticos para estudo de viabilidade temporal e espacial, de maneira amigável, rápida e consistente, em ambiente Windows e integrado à Web.

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Para culturas agrícolas que abrangem grandes áreas, como é o caso da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, técnicas de geoprocessamento aplicadas a imagens orbitais de alta resolução temporal apresentam grande potencial de mapear e monitorar os ciclos fenológicos/agronômicos das lavouras. Para essa finalidade, destaca-se o uso de séries temporais de índices espectrais de vegetação (IV) como NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) e EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) calculados a partir das imagens orbitais de reflectância. Este documento apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que avaliou a utilização de um método de suavização de perfis temporais de IV e a posterior derivação de parâmetros do ciclo fenológico/agrícola de talhões de cana-de-açúcar, com o objetivo de monitorar e mapear áreas ocupadas por cana-de-açúcar e de distinguir áreas de cana-planta e cana-soca. Foram utilizadas séries temporais de NDVI e EVI do sensor MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) a bordo do satélite Terra referentes a uma região do Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo, densamente ocupada por cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados obtidos mostraram grande utilidade das séries temporais de IV do MODIS para monitorar o ciclo agronômico/fenológico de talhões de cana-de-açúcar. Foi possível acompanhar o desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar e identificar a ocorrência de cana-planta ou cana-soca para um determinado talhão. O cultivo de uma cultura de ciclo mais curto, ao fazer a reforma do talhão de cana-de-açúcar, também foi identificado nos perfis temporais. A metodologia desenvolvida para classificação de áreas de cana-de-açúcar obteve erro de comissão relativamente pequeno (<10%), mas ao custo de erro de emissão mais elevado (>40%). A classificação realizada para distinção entre áreas de cana-planta e cana-soca também apresentou resultados interessantes, com erro de emissão em torno de 4% e erro de comissão >30%.

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Para culturas agrícolas que abrangem grandes áreas, como é o caso da cana-de-açúcar no Brasil, técnicas de geoprocessamento aplicadas a imagens orbitais de alta resolução temporal apresentam grande potencial de mapear e monitorar os ciclos fenológicos/agronômicos das lavouras. Para essa finalidade, destaca-se o uso de séries temporais de índices espectrais de vegetação (IV) como NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) e EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) calculados a partir das imagens orbitais de reflectância. Este documento apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que avaliou a utilização de um método de suavização de perfis temporais de IV e a posterior derivação de parâmetros do ciclo fenológico/agrícola de talhões de cana-de-açúcar, com o objetivo de monitorar e mapear áreas ocupadas por cana-de-açúcar e de distinguir áreas de cana-planta e cana-soca. Foram utilizadas séries temporais de NDVI e EVI do sensor MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) a bordo do satélite Terra referentes a uma região do Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo, densamente ocupada por cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados obtidos mostraram grande utilidade das séries temporais de IV do MODIS para monitorar o ciclo agronômico/fenológico de talhões de cana-de-açúcar. Foi possível acompanhar o desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar e identificar a ocorrência de cana-planta ou cana-soca para um determinado talhão. O cultivo de uma cultura de ciclo mais curto, ao fazer a reforma do talhão de cana-de-açúcar, também foi identificado nos perfis temporais. A metodologia desenvolvida para classificação de áreas de cana-de-açúcar obteve erro de comissão relativamente pequeno (<10%), mas ao custo de erro de omissão mais elevado (>40%). A classificação realizada para distinção entre áreas de cana-planta e cana-soca também apresentou resultados interessantes, com erro de omissão em torno de 4% e erro de comissão >30%.

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RESUMO:Com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento agronômico de genótipos de girassol no Cerrado do Distrito Federal, foram conduzidos ensaios na safrinha dos anos de 2014 e 2015, na estação experimental da Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, DF. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, e foram avaliados 12 genótipos de girassol: HLA 2015, NTC 90, SYN 065, M734, BRS G44, HLA 2014, BRS G45, BRS G43, HLA 2013, HLA 2017, BRS G46, HLA 2016. As características avaliadas foram rendimento de grãos, tamanho do capitulo, peso de mil aquênios, altura de plantas e dias de floração inicial. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas para as características avaliadas. Os genótipos que se destacaram em relação ao rendimento de grãos foram HLA 2014 (3.161 kg ha-1) e a testemunha M743 (3.212 kg ha-1). Além disso, o ensaio do ano 2014 apresentou uma média de rendimento maior (2.829 kg ha-1) e mais precoces (63,10 dias) em relação a 2015. O trabalho permitiu a identificação de materiais promissores para exploração em programas de melhoramento genético. ABSTRACT: Aiming the evaluation on agronomic behavior of sunflower genotypes in the Brazilian savannah, experiments were carried on in the second crop of 2014 and 2015 at Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados (Embrapa), Planaltina, DF. A complete randomized block design was used with four replications and 12 genotypes of sunflower were analyzed: HLA 2015, NTC 90, SYN 065, M734, BRS G44, HLA 2014, BRS G45, BRS G43, HLA 2013, HLA 2017, BRS G46, HLA 2016.The evaluated characteristics were grain yield, head, weight thousand achenes, plant height, and flowering time. Significant differences were found in all evaluated characteristics. The genotypes that stood out in seed yield were HLA 2014 (3161 kg ha-1) and M743 (3212 kg ha-1). Besides, the 2014 experiment presented a seed yield average higher (2829 kg ha-1), and earlier flowering (63,10 days) when compared to 2015 experiment. This study allowed the identification of promising materials to explore in breeding programs.

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Wallace, Joanne, et al., 'Body composition and bone mineral density changes during a premier league season as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry', International Journal of Body Composition Research (2006) 4(2) pp.61-66 RAE2008

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In this article, we present a short historical summary of the following terms: the aspect and the imperfective /perfective opposition to answer the question if the imperfective /perfective opposition has an aspectual or temporal character. We distinguish two types of the aforementioned opposition: the temporal imperfective /perfective opposition expressed by the Spanish tenses Pretérito Indefinido / Pretérito Imperfecto that is characterized by the property of [± temporal delimitation]; and the aspectual imperfective /perfective opposition recognizable in the aspectual system of the Slavonic languages that is characterized by the property of [± conclusion of the process].

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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária

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BACKGROUND:Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and compromised bone structure, heritable traits that contribute to fracture risk. There have been no genome-wide association and linkage studies for these traits using high-density genotyping platforms.METHODS:We used the Affymetrix 100K SNP GeneChip marker set in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) to examine genetic associations with ten primary quantitative traits: bone mineral density (BMD), calcaneal ultrasound, and geometric indices of the hip. To test associations with multivariable-adjusted residual trait values, we used additive generalized estimating equation (GEE) and family-based association tests (FBAT) models within each sex as well as sexes combined. We evaluated 70,987 autosomal SNPs with genotypic call rates [greater than or equal to]80%, HWE p [greater than or equal to] 0.001, and MAF [greater than or equal to]10% in up to 1141 phenotyped individuals (495 men and 646 women, mean age 62.5 yrs). Variance component linkage analysis was performed using 11,200 markers.RESULTS:Heritability estimates for all bone phenotypes were 30-66%. LOD scores [greater than or equal to]3.0 were found on chromosomes 15 (1.5 LOD confidence interval: 51,336,679-58,934,236 bp) and 22 (35,890,398-48,603,847 bp) for femoral shaft section modulus. The ten primary phenotypes had 12 associations with 100K SNPs in GEE models at p < 0.000001 and 2 associations in FBAT models at p < 0.000001. The 25 most significant p-values for GEE and FBAT were all less than 3.5 x 10-6 and 2.5 x 10-5, respectively. Of the 40 top SNPs with the greatest numbers of significantly associated BMD traits (including femoral neck, trochanter, and lumbar spine), one half to two-thirds were in or near genes that have not previously been studied for osteoporosis. Notably, pleiotropic associations between BMD and bone geometric traits were uncommon. Evidence for association (FBAT or GEE p < 0.05) was observed for several SNPs in candidate genes for osteoporosis, such as rs1801133 in MTHFR; rs1884052 and rs3778099 in ESR1; rs4988300 in LRP5; rs2189480 in VDR; rs2075555 in COLIA1; rs10519297 and rs2008691 in CYP19, as well as SNPs in PPARG (rs10510418 and rs2938392) and ANKH (rs2454873 and rs379016). All GEE, FBAT and linkage results are provided as an open-access results resource at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gap/cgi-bin/study.cgi?id=phs000007.CONCLUSION:The FHS 100K SNP project offers an unbiased genome-wide strategy to identify new candidate loci and to replicate previously suggested candidate genes for osteoporosis.

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Temporal locality of reference in Web request streams emerges from two distinct phenomena: the popularity of Web objects and the {\em temporal correlation} of requests. Capturing these two elements of temporal locality is important because it enables cache replacement policies to adjust how they capitalize on temporal locality based on the relative prevalence of these phenomena. In this paper, we show that temporal locality metrics proposed in the literature are unable to delineate between these two sources of temporal locality. In particular, we show that the commonly-used distribution of reference interarrival times is predominantly determined by the power law governing the popularity of documents in a request stream. To capture (and more importantly quantify) both sources of temporal locality in a request stream, we propose a new and robust metric that enables accurate delineation between locality due to popularity and that due to temporal correlation. Using this metric, we characterize the locality of reference in a number of representative proxy cache traces. Our findings show that there are measurable differences between the degrees (and sources) of temporal locality across these traces, and that these differences are effectively captured using our proposed metric. We illustrate the significance of our findings by summarizing the performance of a novel Web cache replacement policy---called GreedyDual*---which exploits both long-term popularity and short-term temporal correlation in an adaptive fashion. Our trace-driven simulation experiments (which are detailed in an accompanying Technical Report) show the superior performance of GreedyDual* when compared to other Web cache replacement policies.

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The relative importance of long-term popularity and short-term temporal correlation of references for Web cache replacement policies has not been studied thoroughly. This is partially due to the lack of accurate characterization of temporal locality that enables the identification of the relative strengths of these two sources of temporal locality in a reference stream. In [21], we have proposed such a metric and have shown that Web reference streams differ significantly in the prevalence of these two sources of temporal locality. These finding underscore the importance of a Web caching strategy that can adapt in a dynamic fashion to the prevalence of these two sources of temporal locality. In this paper, we propose a novel cache replacement algorithm, GreedyDual*, which is a generalization of GreedyDual-Size. GreedyDual* uses the metrics proposed in [21] to adjust the relative worth of long-term popularity versus short-term temporal correlation of references. Our trace-driven simulation experiments show the superior performance of GreedyDual* when compared to other Web cache replacement policies proposed in the literature.

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Personal communication devices are increasingly equipped with sensors that are able to collect and locally store information from their environs. The mobility of users carrying such devices, and hence the mobility of sensor readings in space and time, opens new horizons for interesting applications. In particular, we envision a system in which the collective sensing, storage and communication resources, and mobility of these devices could be leveraged to query the state of (possibly remote) neighborhoods. Such queries would have spatio-temporal constraints which must be met for the query answers to be useful. Using a simplified mobility model, we analytically quantify the benefits from cooperation (in terms of the system's ability to satisfy spatio-temporal constraints), which we show to go beyond simple space-time tradeoffs. In managing the limited storage resources of such cooperative systems, the goal should be to minimize the number of unsatisfiable spatio-temporal constraints. We show that Data Centric Storage (DCS), or "directed placement", is a viable approach for achieving this goal, but only when the underlying network is well connected. Alternatively, we propose, "amorphous placement", in which sensory samples are cached locally, and shuffling of cached samples is used to diffuse the sensory data throughout the whole network. We evaluate conditions under which directed versus amorphous placement strategies would be more efficient. These results lead us to propose a hybrid placement strategy, in which the spatio-temporal constraints associated with a sensory data type determine the most appropriate placement strategy for that data type. We perform an extensive simulation study to evaluate the performance of directed, amorphous, and hybrid placement protocols when applied to queries that are subject to timing constraints. Our results show that, directed placement is better for queries with moderately tight deadlines, whereas amorphous placement is better for queries with looser deadlines, and that under most operational conditions, the hybrid technique gives the best compromise.