998 resultados para liberação do aborto
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Este trabalho descreve a síntese, caracterização e aplicação de sistemas poliméricos baseados em polímeros condutores em sistemas de liberação controlada de drogas. Esta tese pode ser dividida em duas partes: na primeira se apresentam os resultados da aplicação de filmes de polianilina e polipirrol na liberação de drogasmodelo como a dopamina protonada e o ácido salicílico. Na liberação de salicilato utilizou-se um filme polianilina eletrosintetizado e dopado com íons cloreto. Já para a liberação de dopamina protonada (um cátion) a liberação foi conduzida a partir de um sistema bicamadas, com um filme de polianilina recoberta com uma camada de Náfion. É mostrada a liberação controlada nos dois casos, porém também se discutem limitaçãoes deste tipo de sistema que levaram ao estudo de uma forma alternativa de controle eletroquímico utilizando polímeros condutores. A segunda parte do trabalho mostra então esta nova metodologia que se baseia em compósitos de poianilina eletropolimerizada no interior de hidrogéis de poliacrilamida. É mostrado que este novo material é eletroativo e mantém as características de intumescimento dos hidrogéis, tanto necessárias ao desenvolvimento destes sistemas de liberação controlada. Mecanismos para o crescimento e distribuição da polianilina na matriz isolante e para a atuação do compósito no controle eletroquímico da liberação são propostos com base nos dados de microscopia de força atômica, Raman e eletrônica de varredura, além de testes de liberação controlada com moléculas de diferentes cargas.
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Este trabajo de investigación tiene en cuenta la complejidad de la comprensión del aborto provocado desde la propuesta psicoanalítica sobre la feminidad planteada por Sigmund Freud durante los años 1930 y que toma en consideración el aporte, a fin de cuentas tardío, de la importancia de la relación preedípica entre la niña y la madre para reorientar toda la escucha y la comprensión del devenir mujer. Con este enfoque teórico se privilegia el vínculo madre-hija en relación a la decisión de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo. El propósito de esta investigación es abordar el tema del aborto provocado en relación a la feminidad desde la experiencia clínica y revisar los supuestos teóricos psicoanalíticos dejando abierto el diálogo a otras áreas de conocimiento. Es primordial en la investigación de esta tesis la apoyatura en la experiencia, a la que se añade la comprensión de algunos fenómenos históricos y sociales que ayudan a situarnos como sujetos en un momento social determinado respecto al aborto provocado y la feminidad. En ese marco se propone una profundización teórico-clínica que aporte herramientas de trabajo para la atención psicológica y la salud integral de la mujer; en los casos de aborto provocado que contemple la plena realización de los derechos humanos en un marco de libertad y responsabilidad. Para ello se recurrió a una investigación de tipo descriptivo-cualitativo con dos perspectivas, una que analiza el discurso de grupos y la otra de carácter teórico-clínico con una muestra de material de pacientes en proceso psicoanalítico que han pasado por la experiencia del aborto provocado...
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Tesis Univ. Río de Janeiro.
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Existe una profunda tensión que atraviesa la demanda de reconocimiento de los derechos de la mujer relativos al propio cuerpo. Esto puede ser visto en la distante relación que se verifica entre un concepto abstracto de igualdad ciudadana en las mujeres y, por otro lado, el cuerpo real haciendo ejercicio de esa igualdad. La tensión que existe entre la abstracción de las normas jurídicas y el cuerpo real, puede verse con contundencia en el aborto en tanto problema de salud pública. El trabajo tiene por objeto el análisis del marco sobre el cuál debería versar la discusión sobre el derecho al aborto, cumplimentando un modelo de razón pública como ideal normativo de la igualdad real de las mujeres como ciudadanas. Dado que el concepto rawlsiano de razón pública constituye el centro de una concepción deliberativa de la democracia, veremos, en relación al tema del aborto, dos elementos constitutivos, a saber: la idea que el liberalismo expone de la legitimidad política y, conjuntamente, la posición de neutralidad propia del Estado
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A presente dissertação procura apresentar uma análise sobre a relação entre política e religião numa perspectiva de gênero, com o objetivo de evidenciar de que maneira a relação entre Igreja e Estado legitima as desigualdades sexuais presentes na sociedade brasileira. Essa análise procura demonstrar/ressaltar como as práticas políticas do país tem prejudicado a possibilidade de ampliação dos direitos reprodutivos devido à influência histórica da cosmovisão católica no que se refere à moral sexual. Essa influência religiosa, no que diz respeito à ampliação das políticas públicas para a reprodução, afeta negativamente a vida das mulheres, principalmente as mulheres pobres e fere o caráter laico do Estado brasileiro. Neste sentido, a dissertação, além de evidenciar esta situação, procura apresentar no trabalho da organização Católicas pelo Direito de Decidir, uma possibilidade de atuação política e teórica, que se posiciona contra o discurso radical sobre o aborto advindo da hierarquia da Igreja Católica e que é compartilhado por setores fundamentalistas de outras denominações cristãs. Católicas pelo Direito de Decidir têm como objetivo a construção de um discurso ético-teológico feminista de apoio a descriminalização do aborto e pelo direito das mulheres decidirem sobre a sua vida reprodutiva sem sofrerem nenhum tipo de impedimento ou discriminação por suas decisões.
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O trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso do site Wikileaks, fundado pelo ex-hacker australiano Julian Assange, que ganhou fama mundial em 2010 por vazar documentos secretos dos Estados Unidos relacionados às guerras do Afeganistão e Iraque, e das embaixadas americanas de todo o mundo. A publicação de todo este conteúdo gerou uma grande controvérsia no alto escalão da política internacional e trouxe a tona como os donos do poder e da mídia monopolizada agem para calar os discursos de narradores que podem colocar a sobrevivência política destes atores do poder em risco. Este trabalho, portanto, apresenta um caso onde as novas mídias digitais promoveram aquele que foi chamado de o maior vazamento da história e como os atores políticos reagiram a este fenômeno, com uma campanha de pressão e difamação de Assange para tentar cessar as ações do site.
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Biodegradable microspheres used as controlled release systems are important in pharmaceutics. Chitosan biopolymer represents an attractive biomaterial alternative because of its physicochemical and biological characteristics. Chitosan microspheres are expected to become promising carrier systems for drug and vaccine delivery, especially for non-invasive ways oral, mucosal and transdermal routes. Controlling the swelling rate and swelling capacity of the hydrogel and improving the fragile nature of microspheres under acidic conditions are the key challenges that need to be overcomed in order to enable the exploration of the full pharmaceutical potential use of these microparticles. Many studies have focused on the modification of chitosan microsphere structures with cross-linkers, various polymers blends and new organic-inorganic hybrid systems in order to obtain improved properties. In this work, microspheres made of chitosan and nanosized hydrophobic silica (Aerosil R972) were produced by a method consisting of two steps. First, a preparation of a macroscopically homogeneous chitosan-hydrophobic silica dispersion was prepared followed by spray drying. FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the microspheres. Also, the were conducted acid stability, moisture sorption capacity, release properties and biological assays. The chitosan-hydrophobic silica composite microspheres showed improved thermal degradation, lower water affinity, better acid stability and ability to retard rifampicin and propranolol hydrochloride (drug models) release under simulated physiological conditions. In vitro biocompatibility studies indicated low cytotoxicity and low capacity to activate cell production of the pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide. The results show here encourage further studies on the use of the new chitosan-hydrophobic silica composite microspheres as drug carrier systems via oral or nasal routes.
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The present paper discusses the experience of a psychological emergency attendance in Maternidade Escola Januário Cicco (MEJC) in Natal and has as main objective to investigate the limits and possibilities of this practice in offering psychological care to women in abortion situation. The Ministry of Health considers the abortion a serious medical problem in Brazil and acknowledge the repercussions it causes in personal life and between the women’s family, most of all among the younger ones, in fully productive and reproductive age, that if not supported may suffer deep psychological and physical wounds. This research inserts itself in the field of psychological practices in institutions, by many ways, and aim to offer, by different approaches, among then the psychological emergency attendance, a psychological attention at the institutions. This attention refers to a care during the suffering at the time of crisis and in the many ways that the problem is present. The results were analyzed at a heideggerian hermeneutics optics, which search a determined aspect of reality that intends to know/understand, accompanied by the man’s own movement in existence. The cartography and the logbook were chosen in narrative form as a resource to allow the approximation of daily experience. The emergency psychological attendance was realized on curettage setor of MEJC between march of 2013 and february 2014 at tuesdays and Thursdays from 9h to 12h. The existential plot unveiled at this experience showed some possibilities and limits of emergency psychological attendance as studied. Among the possibilities, the emergency attendance helped the women that suffered an abortion to find new meanings, as: realize the need to self-care; see in the attendance a way to cope with the lost or other issues in their life’s; to enlarge the possibilities of her choice; to rethink her sex e reproductive life, and rethink her relationships and life projects. The attendance has proven itself as a health care mechanism showing the women the need to search for the necessary condition to self-care and to question what in that environment was saw as natural. The attendance showed itself as a suitable practice to the health care demand by creating/inventing ways of meet the woman needs. The attendance promoted an opening at the technical horizons of women’s, what was realized when the complaints moved past the physical health. As refered to the limits, some needs was beyond the emergency attendance service and demanded forwarding to regular psychological care or others specialized services. The service was not able to attend all of the demands of the sector. The attendance did not touched the medical staff to its need or made a change in posture to act beyond the technicality. The attendance, although has not made change in this context, was able to show the main difficulties, like the lack on prepare of the medical staff to deal with the abortion past beyond the technical procedure and the precariousness of the infrastructure of the services offered. At last, the attendance represented a shelter to the women in abortion situation, allowing the suffering to have a place.
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Chitosan is a polymer biocompatibility and biodegradability widely used in drug delivery systems. The co-crosslinking of chitosan with sodium sulfate and genipin, to form particulate systems is related of making them more resistant to acidic pH and to modulate the release kinetics for the oral route. Triamcinolone is a glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions. The nanoparticles were prepared by co-crosslinking and characterized for particle size, PDI, zeta potential, crosslinking degree, encapsulation rate, morphology, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, release kinetics and cells studies. The nanoparticles were prepared initially without genipin with sodium sulphate and the particles parameters were monitored in function of different ratio of drug / polymer, different concentrations of sodium sulfate and polysorbate 80 and the drip mode of crosslinkers on polymers. After optimizing conditions, the chosen system parameters without genipin included mean diameter of 312.20 ± 5.70 nm, PDI 0.342 ± 0.013 and zeta potential of 20.18 ± 2.28 mV. The genipin was introduced into the system analyzing different concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) and crosslinking times (3, 6, 12 and 24 h). Evaluating crosslinking time with genipin (0.5 mM) it was showed that varying the genipin reaction time the systems size ranged from 235.1 to 334.4 nm, the PDI from 0.321 to 0.392 and zeta potential 20.92 to 30.39 mV. The crosslinking degree that coud vary from 14 to 30 %. Nanoparticles without genipina, 6 h and 24 h crosslinking time were dried by spray-drying method. Analysis by scanning electron micrograph (SEM) revealed that the microparticles showed spherical morphology. The encapsulation rate was 75 ± 2.3 % using validated HPLC methodology. The infrared analysis showed chemical interactions between the components of the formulation. Thermal analysis showed that systems with a higher degree of crosslinking had a higher thermal stability. On release kinetics, increasing the degree of crosslinking was able to decrease the concentration and rate of release of triamcinolone. In studies with liver cancer cells (HepG2) and colon (HT-29), the microparticulate prepared with triamcinolone and 24 h of crosslinking with genipin showed a potential for antitumor activity in hepatic cell line HepG2. Therefore, a new delivery system for triamcinolone on polymeric nanoparticles of chitosan cocrosslinked with genipin and sodium sulfate was obtained with hepatic antitumor potential.