Diseño de una nave almacén, con instalación solar fotovoltaica conectada a red sobre la cubierta, para la base aérea de Lubia (Soria)

El presente proyecto tiene como objetivo, diseñar, calcular, describir y valorar las obras e instalaciones necesarias para la construcción de una nave almacén y llevar a cabo el aprovechamiento de 16,2kW de energía solar para la producción de electricidad, mediante paneles fotovoltaicos, para la posterior venta de ésta.

Propagação de Dovyalis sp. pelo processo de mergulhia aérea

Com objetivo de avaliar a capacidade de propagação vegetativa de Dovyalis sp. pelo método da alporquia, realizou-se o presente trabalho. Foram utilizados ramos com cerca de 50 centímetros, os quais receberam os tratamentos: 0; 1.000; 3.000; 5.000 e 7.000 mg/kg de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) diluídos em lanolina, em duas épocas do ano: outono e primavera. No outono, considerou-se como subparcelas as localizações dos alporques por toda a planta, analisando-as como alporques da parte superior e inferior da copa e das faces norte e sul da planta. Na primavera, por insuficiência de ramos, apenas foram consideradas as doses com AIB. Nas épocas estudadas, o outono foi a que demonstrou maior percentagem de enraizamento e número de raízes (93,93 e 10,26 %, respectivamente). Obteve-se que o enraizamento independe da posição do ramo na planta, para esta época. O maior comprimento de raízes foi obtido na primavera.

Leaf area estimatites of custard apple tree progenies

Leaf area measurements are required in several agronomical studies. Usually, there is an interest for measurement methods that are simple, quick and that will not destroy the leaf. The objectives of this work were to evaluate leaf area (y), length (l) and width (w) of 20 half-sibling progenies of custard apple tree (Annona squamosa L.), and to fit regression equations of the type y = a + bx, where x = l.w, that will allow y to be estimated based on l and w. The experiment was conducted as random blocks with five replicates and four plants per plot. Five mature leaves were randomly collected from each plant. Leaf area was measured with an automatic measuring device and leaf dimensions were determined with a ruler. All values of b were different from zero. Differences occurred only in 11% of the 190 possible comparison pairs between progenies, with regard to the estimates of b. No differences were observed between progenies with respect to leaf length, width and area. In view of this fact, the equation y = 0.72 x (R² = 0.77) was fitted for all progenies.

Evolução do estado fisiológico da parte aérea do morangueiro durante a armazenagem em câmara frigorífica

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o estado fisiológico da parte aérea das plantas de morangueiro das cultivares Gariguette e Elsanta durante estocagem em câmara fria (-2ºC), de janeiro a agosto. Pelo teste biológico, a capacidade de crescimento manteve-se alta, sem evolução significativa durante a estocagem. O fluxo de calor metabólico (Q) e a intensidade respiratória (RCO2) dos tecidos da zona apical, medidos pela microcalorimetria na saída da câmara fria, não evoluíram significativamente, mas aumentaram após 48 e 72 horas de aclimatação a 20ºC. Existiu um estreito paralelismo entre os valores de Q e RCO2 e da umidade ponderal (UP) dos tecidos. A parte aérea das plantas manteve a capacidade de crescimento mesmo após oito meses de estocagem.

Enraizamento de jabuticabeira (Plinia trunciflora) por mergulhia aérea

Este trabalho teve por objetivo testar a técnica de mergulhia aérea (alporquia) na produção de mudas de jabuticabeira utilizando diferentes concentrações de ácido indolbutírico - AIB (0; 4.000 e 6.000 mg.L-1), em quatro épocas e dois locais: agosto, outubro, dezembro e maio de 2004-2005, em Vitorino-PR (Sítio 1); e agosto, setembro, outubro e novembro de 2004, em Chopinzinho - PR (Sítio 2). Foi avaliado o percentual de enraizamento, através da observação de raízes visíveis externamente ao substrato, aos 180 dias após a realização da alporquia. Com base nestes resultados, é possível afirmar que: a alporquia é um método eficiente para a propagação assexuada da jabuticabeira; a concentração de 4.000 mg.L-1 de AIB foi eficiente na indução de enraizamento em todas as épocas estudadas, exceto quando se realiza a alporquia no mês de dezembro, que dispensa o uso de AIB.

Innovative LIDAR 3D dynamic measurement system to estimate fruit-tree leaf area

In this work, a LIDAR-based 3D Dynamic Measurement System is presented and evaluated for the geometric characterization of tree crops. Using this measurement system, trees were scanned from two opposing sides to obtain two three-dimensional point clouds. After registration of the point clouds, a simple and easily obtainable parameter is the number of impacts received by the scanned vegetation. The work in this study is based on the hypothesis of the existence of a linear relationship between the number of impacts of the LIDAR sensor laser beam on the vegetation and the tree leaf area. Tests performed under laboratory conditions using an ornamental tree and, subsequently, in a pear tree orchard demonstrate the correct operation of the measurement system presented in this paper. The results from both the laboratory and field tests confirm the initial hypothesis and the 3D Dynamic Measurement System is validated in field operation. This opens the door to new lines of research centred on the geometric characterization of tree crops in the field of agriculture and, more specifically, in precision fruit growing.

Monitorizacion de los cambios de uso del suelo en la cabecera de cuenca de la ribera salada mediante fotografía aérea y S.I.G. (El Solsonès, Lleida, España)

Durante estos últimos 50 años ha tenido lugar un abandono de las masías y de los cultivos tradicionales en los Prepirineos catalanes. En este trabajo se han estudiado los cambios de usos del suelo desde los años 50 hasta la actualidad en una cuenca de 6577 ha situada en la cabecera de la Ribera Salada (El Solsonès). Para ello se han utilizado fotografías aéreas del año 1957 y del año 1992. Como base cartográfica sirvieron los ortofotomapas del año 1993. El análisis de los cambios de usos según diferentes variables (pendiente y orientación) y según diferentes enfoques (intensidad del cambio y uso final), se ha llevado a cabo mediante el programa de SIG ARC/INFO®. Se han establecido tendencias en la evolución de los usos según la pendiente y la orientación. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los campos de cultivo son los que han disminuido más en superficie, dando lugar a pastos. Por otro lado, el bosque denso ha aumentado considerablemente su extensión (845 ha).

Phosphorous and nitrogen changes in compost-amended schist soils in vineyards in the D.O. Priorat wine-producing area (NE Spain)

The impact, on nitrogen and phosphorous dynamics, of applying compost at different rates was investigated in soils developed on schist in new terraced vineyards (NTV) and in undisturbed areas (NC). Repacked soil columns amended with 0 (control), 50 t ha –1 (T1) and 100 t ha–1 (T2) of compost were studied under laboratory conditions simulating both situations. The columns were maintained for 1 year, during which time a total of 300 mm of simulated rainfall was applied in ten 30 mm applications. Soil organic matter (OM), nitrogen and phosphorous contents were analysed at the end of the study period and leachates were analysed after each simulated rainfall event. Significant differences in nitrate leaching were observed between the control and the treated soils and these differences were greater in the NC (control = 1.368 g, T1 = 1.526 g and T2 = 1.686 g) than in the NTV soils (control = 0.61 g, T1 = = 1.068 g and T2 = 1.283 g). The relative effect was greater in the NTV soils (T1/control = 1.11 vs. 1.75 and T2/control = 1.23 vs. 2.1 for NC and NTV, respectively). The nitrate concentration in the leached water reached up to 400 mg L–1, which implied a risk of groundwater pollution. Phosphorous losses through leaching were very low with concentrations of < 0.15 mg L–1, without any significant differences between treatments. The phosphorous concentrations in the surface horizon increased by 50.8% in T1 and by 66.8% in T2 in the NC soils, compared with increases of 20.3% and 38%, respectively, in the NTV soils. Due to the high infiltration capacity of the study soils, leaching effects must be considered in order to prevent groundwater pollution.

La forma del area de mercados y el transporte

En este artículo se presenta un método para determinar la forma del área de mercado de una planta industrial agraria asilada cuando el espacio isótropo para el transporte que rodea a la misma se halla atravesado por rutas en las cuales los costes unitarios de transporte son menores. Se plantea también qué hipótesis implícitas sobre los costes de transportes se encuentran en los esquemas publicados sobre la forma del área de mercado.

A detailed stream sediment Geochemical survey in the Canoves St. Pere de Vilamajor area (Montseny massif. NE Spain)

Se ha realizado una prospección geoquímica táctica de sedimentos aluviales en el Brea de Cánoves-St. Pere de Vilamajor (Macizo del Montseny, Barcelona), como consecuencia de una exploración geoquimica estratégica de sedimentos aluviales previa, en la que se localizó un Brea anómala en Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Cd, Ni, y Co. El Brea estudiada tiene 35 km2 y esta constituida por materiales sedimentarios y volcánicos del Paleozoico, metamorfizados en mayor o menor grado e intruidos por el granito de Vallfornés, y materiales detríticos terciarios...

Business potential evaluation of wireless local area networks: Teleoperator’s view

The objective of the thesis was to evaluate business potential of wireless local area networks (WLAN, Wireless LAN). At first, the scope of business potential evaluation of technology was introduced. Next, a general framework of business potential evaluation of technology based on literature was presented. In addition, convergence of cellular networks and data networks was studied in order to get an insight of current situation of mobile telecommunications industry. Finally, wireless local area networks business potential was evaluated. A wireless local area network is a data communication system, which combines data connectivity with mobility and is implemented in unlicensed frequency bands, allowing new business opportunities to emerge. The main markets of WLAN are corporate networks, public area networks and access networks. At the moment the penetration of WLAN terminals is low which derives to low demand of wireless LAN services. In addition, unlicensed spectrum forces the teleoperators to set the service price relatively low. The business potential is in integrating wireless LANs to cellular networks and in offering value added services to end users. The future of wireless LAN is to be complementary network to cellular networks. In this vision cellular networks provide voice and low data services and broadband wireless networks enable multimedia services.