Morphometric variability in populations of Palaemonetes spp. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon Basin

Morphometric variability among shrimp populations of the genus Palaemonetes Heller, 1869 from seven lakes (Huanayo and Urcococha, in Peru; Amanã, Mamirauá, Camaleão, Cristalino e Iruçanga, in Brasil) in the Amazon Basin, presumably belonging to Palaemonetes carteri Gordon, 1935 and Palaemonetes ivonicus Holthuis, 1950, were studied. The morphometric studies were carried out from the ratios obtained from the morphometric characters. Multivariated analysis (Principal Components Analysis-PCA, Discriminant Function Analysis and Cluster Analysis) were applied over the ratios. Intra- and interpopulation variations of the rostrum teeth, and the number of spines in the male appendix, were analyzed through descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis (Spearman Rank Correlation test). Results indicated a wide plasticity and overlapping in the studied ratios between populations. The Principal Components Analysis was not able to separate different populations, revealing a large intrapopulation plasticity and strong interpopulation similarity in the studied ratios. Although the Discriminant Functions Analysis was not able to fully discriminate populations, they could be allocated in three subgroups: 1) Cristalino and Iruçanga; 2) Huanayo, Urcococha and Camaleão and 3) Mamirauá and Amanã. The first two groups were morphometrically separated from each other, whereas the third one presented a strong overlap with the former two. The Cluster Analysis confirmed the first two subgroups separation, and indicated that the first and third groups were closely related. Rostrum teeth and number of spines in the appendix masculina showed a large intrapopulation variation and a strong overlapping among the studied populations, regardless of the species.

La Phoronomia (1716) de Jacob Hermann (1678 -1733): entre la filosofía natural y la mecánica analítica

La "Phoronomia", primer libro de mecánica escrito tras los "Principia", es representativo del proceso de transición que transformó la dinámica a principios del XVIII y que concluye con la "Mecánica" de Euler (1736). Está escrita en estilo geométrico y algebraico, y mezcla los conceptos y métodos de Leibniz y Newton de forma idiosincrásica. En esta obra se encuentra por primera vez la segunda ley de Newton escrita en la forma en que hoy la conocemos, así como un intento de construcción de la estática y la dinámica de sólidos y fluidos basado en reglas generales diferenciales.

OpenJade development: implementación y formateo del modelo de páginas

Este proyecto trata de añadir nuevas funcionalidades a la herramienta OpenJade, la cual es el único procesador de hojas de estilo DSSSL para documentos SGML, en la comunidad de OpenSource. En concreto se intenta insertar los modelos de páginas para una secuencia de páginas complejas, y a partir de aquí crear un backend en Latex/TeX. Esto supondría un gran salto en la creación de documentos SGML ya que permitiría crear diferentes regiones en una misma página. Se explica todo el procedimiento de implementación, conceptos básicos a tener en cuenta y se muestra cómo se consigue formar el árbol de objetos para poder crear el backend TeX. Finalmente, aunque se consigue construir el backend, donde se muestra que la construcción de la nueva funcionalidad es correcta, no es posible formar una backend en LaTeX sin limitaciones importantes, debido a que LaTeX no está preparado para este tipo de procesamiento automático. Sin embargo se crean diferentes salidas que se fueron formando hasta llegar a la conclusión que se debía implementar una nueva macros en TeX para LaTeX que soportara el modelo de página.

Manifestació dels canvis en la interacció entre el medi natural i la societat: la influència del despoblament a Alins i Farrera

L’objectiu principal d’aquest projecte és analitzar les manifestacions dels canvis produïts en els medis natural i social influenciats pel despoblament (a la segona meitat del s.XX), als municipis d’Alins i Farrera, situats al Pallars Sobirà, i fer-ne una comparació, ja que es tracta de municipis de característiques diferents. Per dur a terme l’estudi, es fa un anàlisi de l’evolució del poblament, un anàlisi dels canvis físics, mitjançant l’avaluació dels canvis en les cobertes del sòl i de la transformació del paisatge amb les fotografies, i un anàlisi dels canvis en les activitats i comportaments socials mitjançant la realització d’entrevistes per elaborar un retrat social de cada època, distingint entre les aportacions de la població autòctona respecte de la nouvinguda. Amb tot, es pretén la realització d’una diagnosi transversal que permeti integrar les diferents temàtiques, i definir unes conclusions generals per mitjà d’uns patrons detectats. Finalment, la conclusió que millor permet recollir tota la informació és la que en resulta d’acceptar el fenomen de despoblament generalitzat, combinat amb el d’un canvi de l’estil de vida global, no només local, que és eina de justificació de moltes de les dinàmiques de canvi observades.

La retórica comunicativa de Abraham Lincoln a través de sus discursos

El presidente Abraham Lincoln triunfaba en sus discursos gracias a sus artes retóricas y oratorias. Estas técnicas y recursos lingüísticos que empleaba Lincoln para que sus disertaciones fueran de lo más claras y concisas serán mostradas y evaluadas. Además, se analizarán tres de sus discursos más célebres y se intentará demostrar el estilo lincolniano que existe en ellos. También, se expondrán las características de un buen orador y se relacionarán con las que usaba el presidente. Para poder presentar toda esta investigación se ha buscado y averiguado en libros especializados sobre Lincoln, volúmenes sobre oratoria y retórica, revistas, periódicos de la época, Internet y en sus discursos. También, ha sido necesario asistir a exposiciones y exhibiciones sobre la figura de Abraham Lincoln celebradas en Nueva York y Washington.

Como conducimos después de un programa formativo de seguridad vial?

Evaluación del estilo de conducción y del estado psicológico de los participantes en programas formativos en delitos de tráfico

Missatgeria instantània usant els recursos dels membres d'una xarxa col·laborativa distribuïda descentralitzada

El projecte consisteix a implementar una aplicació de missatgeria instantània a l'estil de les tradicionals que es fan servir a Internet, però sobre una infraestructura P2P anomenada LaColla, que és una implementació d'una xarxa distribuïda col·laborativa descentralitzada orientada a grups.

JBother per a LaColla

La tasca realitzada consisteix en la implementació d'una aplicació de missategria instantània (IM) a l'estil d'altres aplicacions tipus jabber o Messenger. A diferència d'aquestes però, l'aplicació serà totalment descentralitzada i ha d'utilitzar LaCOLLA.

Sistema de missatgeria instantània punt a punt mitjançant xifrat per intercanvi de clau de sessió

L'objectiu del projecte es crear una aplicació de missatgeria instantània punt a punt de l'estil de ICQ o MSN Messenger amb la particularietat que la informació viatgi xifrada. D'aquesta manera els participants a la comunicació generaran automàticament una clan de cessió amb la que es xifraran els missatges que intercanvien.

Hábitos y estilos de vida modificables en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad.

INTRODUCTION In the prevention for being overweight and for obesity, much attention is given to the influence of dietary factors, making the joint evaluation with other modifiable factors necessary. OBJECTIVES The aim of this project is to study the association between modifiable factors (physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and dietary habits) with the prevalence of being overweight or obese in the youth population. METHODS Cross-Sectional study of 1283 school children between the ages of 3 and 16 years old, with measurements of the MBI, dietary habits, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and family history of being overweight. Physical activity measured in MET was classified according to Pate criteria. RESULTS 22.4% of the boys and 32.9% of the girls were overweight. The presence of a BMI>25 in parents multiplied by 2.4 the risk of being overweight in children (OR CI 95% 1.5-3.7). 63.6% of overweight boys meet physical activity recommendations compared with 52.2% of girls, although in their case, it was greater than the average (45%). Sedentary time was 141 minutes for men and 128 minutes for women, with more sedentary behaviors associated with being overweight, especially in girls over 12 years of age (66.7%). Consuming cereal (OR 0.8) and having five meals per day (OR 0.5) act as protective factors. CONCLUSIONS In subjects with overweight, the levels of physical activity are close to those recommended levels, so which the values of a sedentary lifestyle together with dietary habits (if the parents have overweight) acquire a new relevance in intervention strategies of this problem.

Life-style factors associated with overweight and obesity among Spanish adults

OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between life styles and eating habits with the overweight and obesity prevalence in a Spanish adult population. METHODS A population-based, cross-sectional study conducted on 2640 subjects older than 15 years, in Cádiz (Spain). Surveys were conducted in subjects' homes to obtain life styles, eating habits, and anthropometric data. Logistic regression has been used to study the association between the life style variables and overweight and obesity. RESULTS Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Cadiz is 37% and 17%, respectively; higher in males and increases with age. BMI has an inverse relationship with educational level (PR = 2.3, 1.57-2.38). The highest levels of obesity are associated with daily alcohol consumption (PR = 1.39, 1.29-1.50), greater consumption of television,and sedentary pursuit (PR 1.5, 1.07-1.24). A lower prevalence of obesity is observed among those with active physical activity (10.9% vs 21.6%), with differences between sex. Following a slimming diet is more frequent in the obese and in women but dedicate more hours than men to passive activities. In men is greater the consumption of alcohol, high energy foods and snacks. Overweight and obesity is associated with the male sex (OR = 3.35 2.75-4.07), high consumption of alcohol (OR = 1.38 1.03-1.86) and watching television (OR = 1.52 1.11-2.07), and foods likes bread and cereals (OR = 1.47 1.13-1.91). Exercise activities is a protective factor (OR = 0.76 0.63-0.98). CONCLUSIONS Life styles factors associated with overweight and obesity present different patterns in men and women and is necessary to understand them to identify areas for behavioural intervention in overweight and obesity patients.

Intake and home use of olive oil or mixed oils in relation to healthy lifestyles in a Mediterranean population. Findings from the prospective Pizarra study.

Discordances exist in epidemiological studies regarding the association between the intake of nutrients and death and disease. We evaluated the social and health profile of persons who consumed olive oil in a prospective population cohort investigation (Pizarra study) with a 6-year follow-up. A food frequency questionnaire and a 7 d quantitative questionnaire were administered to 538 persons. The type of oil used in food preparation was determined by direct measurement of the fatty acids in samples obtained from the kitchens of the participants at baseline and after follow-up for 6 years. The fatty acid composition of the serum phospholipids was used as an endogenous marker of the type of oil consumed. Total fat intake accounted for a mean 40 % of the energy (at baseline and after follow-up). The concordance in intake of MUFA over the study period was high. The fatty acid composition of the serum phospholipids was significantly associated with the type of oil consumed and with fish intake. The concentration of polar compounds and polymers, indicative of degradation, was greater in oils from the kitchens where sunflower oil or refined olive oil was used, in oils used for deep frying and in oils that had been reused for frying five times or more. Consumption of olive oil was directly associated with educational level. Part of the discordance found in epidemiological studies between diet and health may be due to the handling of oils during food preparation. The intake of olive oil is associated with other healthy habits.

Determinants of non- response to a second assessment of lifestyle factors and body weight in the EPIC-PANACEA study.

BACKGROUND This paper discusses whether baseline demographic, socio-economic, health variables, length of follow-up and method of contacting the participants predict non-response to the invitation for a second assessment of lifestyle factors and body weight in the European multi-center EPIC-PANACEA study. METHODS Over 500.000 participants from several centers in ten European countries recruited between 1992 and 2000 were contacted 2-11 years later to update data on lifestyle and body weight. Length of follow-up as well as the method of approaching differed between the collaborating study centers. Non-responders were compared with responders using multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Overall response for the second assessment was high (81.6%). Compared to postal surveys, centers where the participants completed the questionnaire by phone attained a higher response. Response was also high in centers with a short follow-up period. Non-response was higher in participants who were male (odds ratio 1.09 (confidence interval 1.07; 1.11), aged under 40 years (1.96 (1.90; 2.02), living alone (1.40 (1.37; 1.43), less educated (1.35 (1.12; 1.19), of poorer health (1.33 (1.27; 1.39), reporting an unhealthy lifestyle and who had either a low (<18.5 kg/m2, 1.16 (1.09; 1.23)) or a high BMI (>25, 1.08 (1.06; 1.10); especially ≥30 kg/m2, 1.26 (1.23; 1.29)). CONCLUSIONS Cohort studies may enhance cohort maintenance by paying particular attention to the subgroups that are most unlikely to respond and by an active recruitment strategy using telephone interviews.

Ir en bicicleta, una forma de movilidad saludable y sostenible

Boletín semanal para profesionales sanitarios de la Secretaría General de Salud Pública y Participación Social de la Consejería de Salud

Recomendaciones para la promoción de la actividad física

Boletín semanal para profesionales sanitarios de la Secretaría General de Salud Pública y Participación Social de la Consejería de Salud