Aplicações da função logarítmica em sala de aula no ensino médio: uma proposta de solução de problemas pela transposição para a linguagem matemática

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Educação física escolar: estado da arte e direções futuras

The aim of this paper is to characterize and discuss the School Physical Education as a profession and subarea of research in the broader academic fi eld of Physical Education and educational research. To do that, it initially defi nes the difference between research in School Physical Education from research about School Physical Education, and point out the themes and research hypotheses for this subarea. It also analyses 289 articles characterized as research in School Physical Education, published in 11 Brazilian periodicals, classifying them in the following categories: “level of schooling”, “bodily practice” and “theme”. The results indicate that the majority of studies are carried out in elementary school, in “games” and “sports”, and in descriptive and interpretative research in School Physical Education practices in several dimensions and interrelations. In conclusion, it points to the need to a focus in the research in teaching, the implementation of public curricula, and teacher education. Finally, it alerts to the need for Brazilian postgraduate programs in the academic fi eld of physical education to invest more in research in School Physical Education subarea.

Profissão professor: olhares de professores de Educação Física escolar

No presente artigo abordou-se o processo de profissionalização e formação acadêmica em Educação Física, buscando evidenciar as implicações surgidas em decorrência da trajetória de formação do professor dessa área. Embora esta se configure também como uma profissão docente, sua história apresenta particularidades com relação às outras áreas da docência escolar. Diante disto, o objetivo do estudo consistiu em estabelecer um diálogo entre as dimensões da profissionalização e da formação de professores de Educação Física para auxiliar na compreensão da situação atual da disciplina e do processo de construção da profissionalidade docente. Em articulação com a revisão da literatura foram discutidas as concepções de um grupo representativo de professores de Educação Física escolar da rede pública de ensino estadual de São Paulo - Brasil, coletadas por intermédio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Constatou-se que para os depoentes persistem, ainda, equívocos no imaginário da comunidade escolar a respeito do valor e da função da disciplina Educação Física para o desenvolvimento do alunado, sendo a disciplina freqüentemente indicada como sinônimo de esporte. Entende-se que a compreensão da trajetória dessa profissão até o momento (que pode ser considerada uma profissão recente), assim como os fatores que contribuíram para a desvalorização do professor da área, são importantes recursos para começar a pensar o futuro. Concluiu-se que cabe, especialmente, à formação docente constituir-se num componente que efetivamente contribua para a (re)construção da profissionalidade do professor e para a legitimação da disciplina Educação Física no campo educacional.

Possibilidades e limitações da prática do professor na experiência com a temática energia e desenvolvimento humano no ensino de ciências

Reflections on the Movement STSE, in basic education, have pointed to the introduction of discussions involving the socio-scientific issues, as a way of organization and development of forming processes in science classes. In this sense, the research that we developed sought to bring to physics classes of basic education, the discussions surrounding the relationship between science, technology, society and environment issues related to production and access to electricity and human development. In order to interpret formative aspects of this approach was achieved through a short course. Thus, we discuss in this paper, the discourse of students and a professor of physics who participated in this short course. Therefore, we seek in discourse analysis, reflection on this practice, which has limitations such as lack of recognition of this type of training status by the students as well as possibilities represented by the establishment of training spaces that contribute to the discussion of socio-scientific issues.

Lutas na Educação Física escolar: relação entre conteúdo, pedagogia e currículo

Vítima de restrição nas aulas de Educação Física, o tema “lutas” foi incluído no Currículo de Educação Física do Estado de São Paulo (CEF-SP) como conteúdo próprio da disciplina. Nesse sentido, o professor precisa ter tido uma vivência de lutas para tratar deste conteúdo? Que saberes são necessários para dar aula de luta na escola? Como se dá a transposição prática das lutas sugeridas no CEF-SP? O objetivo do trabalho é refletir sobre o ensino de lutas nas aulas de Educação Física com o foco nos saberes profissionais docentes. Foram entrevistados três professores: (i) professor especialista em lutas; (ii) professor de Educação Física sem histórico de práticas de lutas (iii) professor de Educação Física com histórico de prática de lutas. Os resultados permitem concluir que não se exige que o professor seja um treinador ou especialista em lutas e artes marciais, no entanto, é necessário estudar, confrontar e reformular seus saberes docentes para ministrar os conteúdos luta em suas aulas.

As diretrizes curriculares para os cursos de Educação Física no Brasil: uma breve revisão cronológica e análise desse processo sobre as implicações para a formação profissional

The law of Guidelines and Bases for National Education-LDB established the need to ensure at Universities a greater flexibility in the Organization of courses and careers, taking into account the heterogeneity of prior education and training, as well as the expectations and interests of students. Since the deployment of the first courses of Physical Education in Brazil, in the 30 's decade, the formation was only in Degree Course. On a pioneer way, resolution CFE 031987 allowed the Universities could organise their own pedagogical projects and curriculum, allowing even the Bachelor Course contemplating the dynamics of the evolution of the area and encouraging a change in attitudes of professionals. The Bachelor Course, with an offer of disciplines to other areas higher than education, openness also allowed to research, promoting an increasing interaction of the Physical Education with other professions od health. Physical education stands out as interareas instrument in the promotion of health and quality of life of the population. With the regulation of the Profession through the law No. 9696/98, grows the discussion around the definition of professional delimitations in this close relationship with other areas. With the need for a reformulation in teaching projects, Degree and Bachelor Courses, express the new curricular guidelines and resolutions of the MEC, as well as the professional delimitations by CONFEF for each formation. Given these aspects, the objective of the present study was to describe the chronology of such facts and a expose a critical opinion of the authors about the course and consequences of this process.

Formación de profesores en Educación Física en Brasil: comprensión de estudiantes noveles de la Universidad Federal de San Carlos

The frequent characterization about the Physical Education Degree is associated to technical-sport and training aspects and this is the reason of this study. The objective is to understand the motives to the basis of this situation. In this sense, a theoretical study was developed regarding the Physical Education Teaching Training in Brazil; at the same time, an empirical investigation was carried out with first-year students of the cited degree. The register tool to collect the students' understandings was an open question expressed as: "Why did you choose the course of Physical Education Degree?" which was answered in written form by the students. So as to make up an understanding of the data collected, the information was organized in two thematic categories; Category A: no identification with schooling; Category B: reasons in relation to the (lack) of professional vocation. Based on the students' answers, it was possible to comprehend that choosing the mentioned degree it is mostly set up by a lack of option, instead of a real professional identity and thoughtful processes of transformation in society.

Entre os muros da escola: o saber experiencial emergente nas aulas de educação física da periferia

This study aimed to analyze the teachers´ knowledge of a physical education teacher network state of São Paulo. The interviewed reported having problems regarding the use of the court, especially because there is invasion of the community to smoking marijuana and/ou playing football, revealing the predominance of experiential knowledge to work in a new school, whose location and local culture do not seem to prioritize this social space as learning, dissemination and preservation of other bodily manifestations of the process of human civilization. It was found in such a setting an imbalance of the relative strengths of power between teacher and students, from schools, football and drugs in relation to body movement culture, it being understood that the relationships between these individuals are interdependent and dynamic. Finally, it urges an integrated process in educational, family, social and political fields from the perspective of balancing forces in relation to the use of that space, providing conditions for teaching and propagation of content (games, sports, gymnastics, dances and fights) of the body movement culture.

A formação inicial para o ensino de Ciências e aEducação Inclusiva: o currículo das licenciaturas

O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a inserção da temática Educação Inclusiva (EI) em cursos de licenciatura da área de Ciências (Biologia, Física e Química), das universidades públicas estaduais do estado de São Paulo. Analisou-se o projeto políticos pedagógicos (PPP) e planos de ensino das disciplinas da área pedagógica, através da análise documental. Dos PPPs das licenciaturas em Ciências, apenas um curso de Física (FIS 4), um de Química (QUIM 6) e Ciências Biológicas (BIO 13) tratam da EI. Em relação às disciplinas que abordam a EI, dos 13 cursos de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas, apenas três apresentam disciplinas que abordam a temática. Dos nove cursos de licenciatura em Física, quatro possuem disciplina que abordam a temática. Dos oito cursos de licenciatura em Química, dois contam com disciplinas que abordam a temática “Educação Inclusiva”.

Concepções de alunos do ensino médio sobre o tema água: subsídios para o planejamento de atividades investigativas interdisciplinares

Meaningful learning occurs when new knowledge to be aggregated are grounded in other students already possess. In preparing didactic sequences for teaching concepts, one should take into account these concepts and knowledge to produce more effective and lasting learning, and build new concepts that will become subsumes for subsequent learning. This research was developed in a subproject linked to institutional Scholarship Program Initiation to Teaching (PIBID) of a Universidade Estadual Paulista. The proposal is based on the articulation of the Public School and the University, strengthening the initial training of undergraduates, and continued teacher network, improving the quality of education. The proposed work is based on interdisciplinary research and teaching by investigation. Undergraduates in Biology, Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry jointly propose interdisciplinary teaching activities and investigative applied to high school students of Public School partner. To survey the views of these students on the theme Water, they were asked to draw up an essay entitled "The importance of water", with the aim of organizing information for planning a teaching strategy that articulates the disciplines of training of undergraduates. In this paper we present a qualitative analysis of these essays, performed based on content analysis. The analysis allowed to identify existing concepts in students' cognitive structure and classify them into adequate and inadequate compared to scientifically accepted concepts. Several misconceptions were raised indicating the need to produce didactic sequences that in addition to working the concepts presented in the curriculum of disciplines take into consideration the possibility of more meaningful learning. This research produced the elucidation of existing concepts, indicating where deficiencies were larger. One major contribution was the realization that concepts that may be considered by teachers as simple and already acquired by the students often come so misguided in their explanations. From the results obtained, integrated activities have been planned and implemented, and more relevant to the needs of students aiming to recover and enrich the knowledge they possessed, encouraging the use of scientific concepts and their application to daily living situations.

Representações de conteúdo inseridos no plano de ensino de professores em formação continuada

A partir de um curso com abordagem interdisciplinar contemplando as áreas: Química, Física e Ciências Biológicas, solicitou-se aos professores de Química a elaboração de Planos de Ensino, sobre o tema Equilíbrio Químico. O objetivo foi construir uma análise das representações de conteúdo (CoRe) no planejamento. A pesquisa realizada caracteriza-se como qualitativa descritiva e a análise foi realizada com base na análise de conteúdo. Inicialmente os professores apresentavam preocupação com relação à memorização dos conceitos pelos alunos. Ao final, pode-se perceber uma ligeira mudança no discurso dos professores e sua postura valoriza a compreensão dos conceitos relacionados ao conteúdo, e os conhecimentos prévios dos alunos como requisitos de aprendizagem.

A transferência e o processo pedagógico na Educação Física Escolar

In spite of education it was not main element of Freud's work, in elapsing of work he considered it in chapter denominated “Education Interest of the psychoanalysis” (1913). The objective is to intend to the teacher to consider the importance of psychoanalytic focus in pedagogic extent, demonstrating her contribution for understanding of the students' formative processes. Consequently, to contemplate, starting from the Freudian work, on transfer concept in that relationship introducing intervention forms in the teaching process and learning. We adopted the revision of literature related to the psychoanalytic aspect that it approaches the education, in interface with school physical education. In other words, we specifically looked for aspects on the theme of transfer in the interface of psychoanalysis with pedagogy. Also, part of the Freudian work was used regarding the theme approached in analytical indexes. Since then, we detected that the observed authors affirm that between teachers and students relationship transferencial exists. Therefore, the selection of contents sends the educators to organize and systematize as it will be worked in curriculum and transmitted to the students, since it should go to the encounter of students’ expectations, doing with that school physical education has sense and meaning. Therefore, it is important the physical education teacher, in school, to analyze that when working with the human being there are just no effects of work on content or about the use of correct teaching methodology, but, also the actions transferenciais that are present in learning process.

Os saberes da Educação Física nas perspectivas dos alunos: panorama da literatura e uma proposta de investigação a partir da 'teoria da relação com o saber'

The lack of interest and motivation, and the self-exclusion from Physical Education classes by Secondary and High School students is pointed out in the specific literature as a pedagogical problem for that discipline. Most studies dealing with the issue present only descriptive data, gathered from the quantification of responses given by students to questionnaires, and they lack a more consistent theoretical framework for both the generation of data as to its interpretation. The objectives of this article are: (i) to present an overview of published studies that address the perspectives of students in relation to their Physical Education classes at school, in terms of attitudes, opinions, tastes, motivation, and development; and (ii) to propose theoretical foundation and methodological guidelines for one future field based research that allows better understanding on how Secondary and High School students’ relationship to school Physical Education knowledge occurs, in order to contribute for advances regarding the results and conclusions on such thematics. We suggest that the definition of the research problem, the generation and interpretation of the data must take as reference the "theory of the notion of the relationship to knowledge", by Bernard Charlot, for whom the school knowledge must be understood in its relations with learning beings. The methodological direction should be guided by "qualitative research" general parameters in Education, using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with students. Hopefully, in this way, indicators informed by research might contribute to improving the quality of teaching in lessons, in order to provide the students with opportunities for meaningful learning.

O uso das TIC para ensinar a temática da saúde nas aulas de educação física

Os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (BRASIL, 1997) é um documento que procura auxiliar o professor na execução de seu trabalho na escola, e dentre os temas contemplados neste documento encontramos a temática da saúde. Desde a origem deste documento, a saúde é um tema considerado importante de ser ensinado na escola, mas atualmente tem recebido destaque nas mídias, chamando a atenção de toda população para o desenvolvimento de um estilo de vida saudável, ao mesmo tempo em que, existe uma crescente preocupação quanto à saúde das crianças relacionada à obesidade e sedentarismo. Desta forma, o presente estudo procurou organizar materiais didáticos em forma de tecnologias da informação e comunicação que fiquem a disposição dos professores para ensinar alguns temas relacionados à saúde. Para a organização desses materiais, foi necessária uma revisão da literatura e em especial uma revisão documental dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais no que diz respeito à saúde, que resultaram em quatro eixos de conteúdos a serem desenvolvidos, sendo eles: higiene pessoal, alimentação, atividade física e padrões de saúde e beleza apresentados pelas mídias. A tecnologia de informação e comunicação foi escolhida como ferramenta para o desenvolvimento das aulas, pois é utilizada com prazer pelos estudantes. Conclui-se que este material é importante, principalmente para os professores de Educação Física escolar, que encontram uma escassez de materiais didáticos na área e sobre as possibilidades de utilização da tecnologia de informação e comunicação em ambiente escolar, e principalmente, que mais estudos sobre a saúde são necessários, pois o mesmo proporciona muitas possibilidades e formas de abordagens