Eficiência de fungicidas para o controle da ferrugem-asiática da soja, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, na safra 2014/15: resultados sumarizados dos ensaios cooperativos.

2015

Desarrollo de líneas de productos a partir del rediseño y diversificación del producto actual en el municipio de Susa departamento de Cundinamarca : quince (15) artesanos asesorados para desarrollo de líneas de productos y diversificación del producto actual.

[20] hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías.

Programa Nacional de Joyería y Orfebrería 2001 – 2002. Taller de dibujo técnico y diseño de joyas básicas para joyeros 15 de mayo de 2002.

12 hojas : Ilustraciones.

Hardware reduction in digital delta-sigma modulators via error masking - part I: MASH DDSM

Two classes of techniques have been developed to whiten the quantization noise in digital delta-sigma modulators (DDSMs): deterministic and stochastic. In this two-part paper, a design methodology for reduced-complexity DDSMs is presented. The design methodology is based on error masking. Rules for selecting the word lengths of the stages in multistage architectures are presented. We show that the hardware requirement can be reduced by up to 20% compared with a conventional design, without sacrificing performance. Simulation and experimental results confirm theoretical predictions. Part I addresses MultistAge noise SHaping (MASH) DDSMs; Part II focuses on single-quantizer DDSMs..

Experimental impulse radio IEEE 802.15.4a UWB based wireless sensor localization technology: Characterization, reliability and ranging

Ultra Wide Band (UWB) transmission has recently been the object of considerable attention in the field of next generation location aware wireless sensor networks. This is due to its fine time resolution, energy efficient and robustness to interference in harsh environments. This paper presents a thorough applied examination of prototype IEEE 802.15.4a impulse UWB transceiver technology to quantify the effect of line of sight (LOS) and non line of sight (NLOS) ranging in real indoor and outdoor environments. Results included draw on an extensive array of experiments that fully characterize the 802.15.4a UWB transceiver technology, its reliability and ranging capabilities for the first time. A new two way (TW) ranging protocol is proposed. The goal of this work is to validate the technology as a dependable wireless communications mechanism for the subset of sensor network localization applications where reliability and precision positions are key concerns.

Impact of non-optimal grounding of the CC2420 RFIC on a 802.15.4 Tyndall sensor wireless mote

The performance of an RF output matching network is dependent on integrity of the ground connection. If this connection is compromised in anyway, additional parasitic elements may occur that can degrade performance and yield unreliable results. Traditionally, designers measure Constant Wave (CW) power to determine that the RF chain is performing optimally, the device is properly matched and by implication grounded. It is shown that there are situations where modulation quality can be compromised due to poor grounding that is not apparent using CW power measurements alone. The consequence of this is reduced throughput, range and reliability. Measurements are presented on a Tyndall Mote using a CC2420 RFIC todemonstrate how poor solder contact between the ground contacts and the ground layer of the PCB can lead tothe degradation of modulated performance. Detailed evaluation that required the development of a new measurement definition for 802.15.4 and analysis is presented to show how waveform quality is affected while the modulated output power remains within acceptable limits.

Algorithms for indoor localization based on IEEE 802.15.4-2011 UWB and inertial sensors

In this thesis, extensive experiments are firstly conducted to characterize the performance of using the emerging IEEE 802.15.4-2011 ultra wideband (UWB) for indoor localization, and the results demonstrate the accuracy and precision of using time of arrival measurements for ranging applications. A multipath propagation controlling technique is synthesized which considers the relationship between transmit power, transmission range and signal-to-noise ratio. The methodology includes a novel bilateral transmitter output power control algorithm which is demonstrated to be able to stabilize the multipath channel, and enable sub 5cm instant ranging accuracy in line of sight conditions. A fully-coupled architecture is proposed for the localization system using a combination of IEEE 802.15.4-2011 UWB and inertial sensors. This architecture not only implements the position estimation of the object by fusing the UWB and inertial measurements, but enables the nodes in the localization network to mutually share positional and other useful information via the UWB channel. The hybrid system has been demonstrated to be capable of simultaneous local-positioning and remote-tracking of the mobile object. Three fusion algorithms for relative position estimation are proposed, including internal navigation system (INS), INS with UWB ranging correction, and orientation plus ranging. Experimental results show that the INS with UWB correction algorithm achieves an average position accuracy of 0.1883m, and gets 83% and 62% improvements on the accuracy of the INS (1.0994m) and the existing extended Kalman filter tracking algorithm (0.5m), respectively.

A variant of SCID with specific immune responses and predominance of gamma delta T cells.

We describe here a patient with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of recombinase activating gene 1-deficient (RAG1-deficient) SCID, who produced specific antibodies despite minimal B cell numbers. Memory B cells were detected and antibodies were produced not only against some vaccines and infections, but also against autoantigens. The patient had severely reduced levels of oligoclonal T cells expressing the alphabeta TCR but surprisingly normal numbers of T cells expressing the gammadelta TCR. Analysis at a clonal level and TCR complementarity-determining region-3 spectratyping for gammadelta T cells revealed a diversified oligoclonal repertoire with predominance of cells expressing a gamma4-delta3 TCR. Several gammadelta T cell clones displayed reactivity against CMV-infected cells. These observations are compatible with 2 non-mutually exclusive explanations for the gammadelta T cell predominance: a developmental advantage and infection-triggered, antigen-driven peripheral expansion. The patient carried the homozygous hypomorphic R561H RAG1 mutation leading to reduced V(D)J recombination but lacked all clinical features characteristic of Omenn syndrome. This report describes a new phenotype of RAG deficiency and shows that the ability to form specific antibodies does not exclude the diagnosis of SCID.

Cytocidal amino acid starvation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans acetolactate synthase (ilv2{Delta}) mutants is influenced by the carbon source and rapamycin.

The isoleucine and valine biosynthetic enzyme acetolactate synthase (Ilv2p) is an attractive antifungal drug target, since the isoleucine and valine biosynthetic pathway is not present in mammals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ilv2Delta mutants do not survive in vivo, Cryptococcus neoformans ilv2 mutants are avirulent, and both S. cerevisiae and Cr. neoformans ilv2 mutants die upon isoleucine and valine starvation. To further explore the potential of Ilv2p as an antifungal drug target, we disrupted Candida albicans ILV2, and demonstrated that Ca. albicans ilv2Delta mutants were significantly attenuated in virulence, and were also profoundly starvation-cidal, with a greater than 100-fold reduction in viability after only 4 h of isoleucine and valine starvation. As fungicidal starvation would be advantageous for drug design, we explored the basis of the starvation-cidal phenotype in both S. cerevisiae and Ca. albicans ilv2Delta mutants. Since the mutation of ILV1, required for the first step of isoleucine biosynthesis, did not suppress the ilv2Delta starvation-cidal defects in either species, the cidal phenotype was not due to alpha-ketobutyrate accumulation. We found that starvation for isoleucine alone was more deleterious in Ca. albicans than in S. cerevisiae, and starvation for valine was more deleterious than for isoleucine in both species. Interestingly, while the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway inhibitor rapamycin further reduced S. cerevisiae ilv2Delta starvation viability, it increased Ca. albicans ilv1Delta and ilv2Delta viability. Furthermore, the recovery from starvation was dependent on the carbon source present during recovery for S. cerevisiae ilv2Delta mutants, reminiscent of isoleucine and valine starvation inducing a viable but non-culturable-like state in this species, while Ca. albicans ilv1Delta and ilv2 Delta viability was influenced by the carbon source present during starvation, supporting a role for glucose wasting in the Ca. albicans cidal phenotype.

Dynamics of Delta/Notch signaling on endomesoderm segregation in the sea urchin embryo.

Endomesoderm is the common progenitor of endoderm and mesoderm early in the development of many animals. In the sea urchin embryo, the Delta/Notch pathway is necessary for the diversification of this tissue, as are two early transcription factors, Gcm and FoxA, which are expressed in mesoderm and endoderm, respectively. Here, we provide a detailed lineage analysis of the cleavages leading to endomesoderm segregation, and examine the expression patterns and the regulatory relationships of three known regulators of this cell fate dichotomy in the context of the lineages. We observed that endomesoderm segregation first occurs at hatched blastula stage. Prior to this stage, Gcm and FoxA are co-expressed in the same cells, whereas at hatching these genes are detected in two distinct cell populations. Gcm remains expressed in the most vegetal endomesoderm descendant cells, while FoxA is downregulated in those cells and activated in the above neighboring cells. Initially, Delta is expressed exclusively in the micromeres, where it is necessary for the most vegetal endomesoderm cell descendants to express Gcm and become mesoderm. Our experiments show a requirement for a continuous Delta input for more than two cleavages (or about 2.5 hours) before Gcm expression continues in those cells independently of further Delta input. Thus, this study provides new insights into the timing mechanisms and the molecular dynamics of endomesoderm segregation during sea urchin embryogenesis and into the mode of action of the Delta/Notch pathway in mediating mesoderm fate.

Interleukin-15 receptor blockade in non-human primate kidney transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-15 is a chemotactic factor to T cells. It induces proliferation and promotes survival of activated T cells. IL-15 receptor blockade in mouse cardiac and islet allotransplant models has led to long-term engraftment and a regulatory T-cell environment. This study investigated the efficacy of IL-15 receptor blockade using Mut-IL-15/Fc in an outbred non-human primate model of renal allotransplantation. METHODS: Male cynomolgus macaque donor-recipient pairs were selected based on ABO typing, major histocompatibility complex class I typing, and carboxy-fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester-based mixed lymphocyte responses. Once animals were assigned to one of six treatment groups, they underwent renal transplantation and bilateral native nephrectomy. Serum creatinine level was monitored twice weekly and as indicated, and protocol biopsies were performed. Rejection was defined as a increase in serum creatinine to 1.5 mg/dL or higher and was confirmed histologically. Complete blood counts and flow cytometric analyses were performed periodically posttransplant; pharmacokinetic parameters of Mut-IL-15/Fc were assessed. RESULTS: Compared with control animals, Mut-IL-15/Fc-treated animals did not demonstrate increased graft survival despite adequate serum levels of Mut-IL-15/Fc. Flow cytometric analysis of white blood cell subgroups demonstrated a decrease in CD8 T-cell and natural killer cell numbers, although this did not reach statistical significance. Interestingly, two animals receiving Mut-IL-15/Fc developed infectious complications, but no infection was seen in control animals. Renal pathology varied widely. CONCLUSIONS: Peritransplant IL-15 receptor blockade does not prolong allograft survival in non-human primate renal transplantation; however, it reduces the number of CD8 T cells and natural killer cells in the peripheral blood.

El reemplazo de pastizales anegadizos por plantaciones de álamos con suelos drenados en el Bajo Delta del río Paraná : cambios físicos y biogeoquímicos en el suelo y el ecosistema

En los humedales del Bajo del Paraná, el drenaje de los suelos, endicamiento y forestación constituyen el cambio de uso más característico. A partir del muestreo de suelos y vegetación en parcelas pareadas de pastizales anegadizos y plantaciones forestales que los reemplazaron tras el drenaje de los suelos, se exploraron los cambios en el volumen y contenido de materia orgánica del suelo y el balance del ecosistema de carbono, nitrógeno (N), fósforo (P), potasio, calcio y magnesio. El estrato de suelo orgánico original se redujo y el suelo mineral perdió volumen (-82 por ciento de porosidad en 0-10 cm de profundidad). Contrarrestó parcialmente estos efectos el aumento del contenido de materia orgánica (1,3 Mg C ha(-1) año(-1) favorecidos por el ingreso de raíces de álamos al suelo drenado (hídrico y libre de raíces en los pastizales). Comparadas con los pastizales, las forestaciones acumularon más carbono y nutrientes en la biomasa aérea y menos en broza y raíces. El balance final fue neutro para carbono y nitrógeno y negativo para fósforo (-0,7 Mg ha (-1) principalmente en los estratos profundos de suelo. Para el calcio, potasio y magnesio las ganancias en el suelo profundo, posiblemente asociadas a los cambios en el balance hídrico (mayor consumo freático, menor aporte superficial), determinaron balances positivos. La relación N/P en hojas de pastos y álamos (7 vs. 18) indicó el cambio de condiciones de limitación por nitrógeno a fósforo. En poco más de una década el drenaje, endicamiento y forestación de pastizales anegadizos redistribuyó el almacenamiento de carbono y nitrógeno sin afectar su magnitud, cambió las limitaciones nutricionales, y generó cambios físicos y químicos en los suelos. Estas modificaciones pueden acentuarse en plazos más largos influenciando la productividad y los servicios ecosistémicos de estos humedales.

Variabilidad genética de poblaciones de Melampsora spp. agente causal de la roya del álamo, en la zona del Delta Inferior del río Paraná

En la zona del Delta del Paraná, Argentina, el cultivo de álamo constituye el principal recurso productivo y económico. La roya del álamo, producida por especies de Melampsora spp., es la enfermedad fúngica de mayor importancia económica por su carácter epidemiológico. El cultivo de un limitado número de clones, altamente especializados y ecológicamente inestables, provocan la evolución de distintos patosistemas generando el reemplazo de ciertos clones por otros más resistentes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la variabilidad genética molecular de la especie Melampsora, sobre 32 aislamientos de ejemplares pertenecientes a clones de Populus spp. durante los años 2007, 2008 y 2009, utilizando las técnicas de AFLPs y SSRs. La utilización de AFLPs permitió diferenciar 32 fenotipos moleculares, mostrando variabilidad genética en la población, mientras que a partir de la utilización de SSRs se confirmó la presencia de M. medusae y M. larici-populina en la zona de estudio. El análisis de agrupamientos (UPGMA) a partir de AFLPs permitió distinguir la cepa de Populus nigra del resto quedando como unidad aislada, a su vez se pudieron identificaron tres clusters de aislamientos provenientes de Populus deltoides, con tendencia a agruparse por origen genético y origen geográfico. El análisis de AMOVA confirmó las diferencias significativas para dichos agrupamientos. Los resultados del presente estudio confirman la existencia de variabilidad genética para los marcadores