远紫外辐射对紫杉幼苗针叶膜脂过氧化及内源保护系统的影响

为了探讨远紫外辐射对植物的损伤机理和紫杉的濒杉机制，本文就远紫外辐射对紫杉幼苗针叶膜脂过氧化及内源保护物质的影响进行了模拟研究，初步得到如下结果：UV-C 辐射紫杉针叶离体叶绿体可使膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量增加，类胡萝卜素含量和光系统II（PS II）电子传递少性下降。UV-BC 辐射紫杉幼苗针叶可使叶绿体超氧离子自由基（O~-_2)，单线态氧（~O_2)，针叶有机自由基产额和H_2O_2含量有不同程度增加。针叶MDA，组织自动氧化速率及质膜相对透性也随辐射时间进程面增加。UV-BC处理初期超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量均被诱导增高，21d后SOD活性开始下降，而GSH 含量和CAT活性始终高于对照。维生素C（ASA），类胡萝卜素（Car)，叶绿素（chl），PS II 电子传递活性在处理期间始终呈下降趋势，其中ASA下降最明显。可溶性蛋白21d前变化不大，之后开始下降。外源活性氧清除剂苯甲酸钠和抗坏血酸对针叶膜脂过氧化有抑制作用；甲基紫精和DDC 对针叶膜脂过氧化有促进效果。根据上述结果推测，紫杉的UV-BC伤害可能是由于活性氧产生过剩和清除系统水平下降，而引起的膜脂过氧化损伤。

Calculation of Hugoniot properties for shocked nitromethane based on the improved Tsien's EOS

We have calculated the Hugoniot properties of shocked nitromethane based on the improved Tsien's equation of state (EOS) that optimized by "exact" numerical molecular dynamic data at high temperatures and pressures. Comparison of the calculated results of the improved Tsien's EOS with the existed experimental data and the direct simulations show that the behavior of the improved Tsien's EOS is very good in many aspects. Because of its simple analytical form, the improved Tsien's EOS can be prospectively used to study the condensed explosive detonation coupling with chemical reaction.

矩形液池中热毛细对流起振过程的数值模拟

本文数值研究微重力条件下浅液池中大Pr数流体(Pr=105.6)热毛细对流的转捩过程.当液池两侧的温度差超过临界温度差时,在液池中会出现热毛细振荡对流.振荡对流的涨落值远小于时间平均值,涨落值表现为从冷端向热端传播的热流体波.起振时,涨落值的胞元分布在液层的中心区域;随着外加温度差的增加,涨落值的胞元逐渐充满液层.本文的结果显示了有限延伸矩形容器液层中热毛细对流及其起振过程与其它类型热毛细对流不同的特征

地下结构的爆炸振动效应与冲击破坏行为研究

对爆源近区地下混凝土管道结构在爆炸冲击载荷作用下的动力学响应开展探索性实验研究。选用钢筋混凝土管道模拟地下结构，尺寸为：$\phi_{\hbox{内}}$800mm$\times$2000mm$\times$100mm。通过实验研究定量确定爆炸振动波载荷对地下结构产生的振动效应；定性确定爆炸冲击波载荷对地下管道结构和混凝土材料产生的动态破坏效应。爆炸当量分别为50 g和100 g TNT，爆炸距离取为0.1，0.3，1，7和10m。实验主要涉及地下管道结构在小药量爆炸点近区的破坏效应与爆炸药量和爆炸距离间关系的确定；混凝土材料破坏行为与药量和爆炸距离关系的确定；爆炸冲击波的影响范围以及爆炸振动波的有效影响范围与爆源特性的关系及爆炸响应函数的确定。从小当量地下结构爆炸实验观察到：地下结构的爆炸振动响应，即振动波波长和频率不同于土介质地表的波长和频率。与地表面上建筑物的波长和频率相比，振动波长持续作用时间明显缩短，且振动频率显著提高。这与地下结构的爆炸动力学响应，特别是爆源近距离的结构动力学响应存在着本质的区别。不同的爆炸距离和当量，地下爆炸对地下结构可以产生振动和冲击两种不同特征的动力学效应。在折算距离大于0.22$\sim$0.25 m/W$^{1/3}$时，100 g TNT当量的爆炸以产生振动效应为主。在折算距离小于0.22$\sim$0.25 m/W$^{1/3}$时，爆炸主要产生冲击效应；在爆炸距离小于1.5m/W$^{1/3}$时，地下爆炸振动波对结构产生的动力学响应的明显特征是管道结构发生径向变形。而且，管道上与爆源最近点是管道变形的对称点。管道的轴向和环向动力响应表现为相应方向上的刚体振动。在爆炸距离大于1.5 m/W$^{1/3}$，如等于2.15m/W1/3的情况下，爆炸振动波对管道结构产生的动力学响应主要表现为整体振动。结构的变形特征基本消失；地下爆炸冲击波载荷对爆源近区管道结构和混凝土材料可以产生三种破坏效应：在折算距离等于0.065 m/W$^{1/3}$时，低强度的冲击波载荷仅产生结构破坏效应。实验中观察到混凝土管道只沿其轴线方向上形成贯穿性裂纹，管道内外表面均无损伤和破碎现象；当折算距离等于0.027 m/W1/3时，较强冲击波载荷既引起管道的结构破坏，也产生混凝土材料的破坏。这时观察到沿混凝土管道轴线方向上，以及与轴线成30$^\circ$至50$^\circ$范围内形成贯穿性裂纹。同时在管道内表面出现直径约为210 mm的层裂区，最大层裂厚度约为8$\sim$12 mm；当折算距离等于0.022 m/W$^{1/3}$时，爆炸强冲击波载荷主要引起的混凝土材料破坏形式表现为破碎。即在管道上以爆源最近点为中心形成直径约为370 mm的贯穿性孔洞，还观察到该孔洞周边不同方向上有长度为230$\sim$410 mm不等的数条细裂纹形成。

同源四倍体水稻三系亲本的遗传差异、细胞遗传学比较研究及低直链淀粉含量突变体Wx基因序列分析

同源四倍体水稻（2N=4X=48,AAAA）是由二倍体水稻（2N=2X=24,AA）通过秋水仙素诱导染色体加倍后得到的新品系，具有优良的抗病性以及较高的蛋白质含量。因此，在四倍体水平上挖掘水稻的增产潜力成为水稻育种的新手段。同源四倍体水稻具有很强的遗传可塑性和很弱的遗传保守性，利用其作为水稻远缘杂交的桥梁，从野生物种中不断地引进有益的基因，这将有助于杂交水稻的多代利用和固定水稻的杂种优势。但是迄今为止，还没有关于同源四倍体水稻遗传多样性，遗传背景的报道。目前世界关于同源四倍体水稻的研究主要集中在中国，主要研究方向为培育、筛选结实正常的亲本材料，配置和筛选结实率正常或接近正常的组合。经过几十年研究，虽然在材料构建，细胞学研究等方面取得了较大进展，但同样由于结实率低的瓶颈问题未解决，而使多倍体水稻育种未能取得实质性进展。而近年来一些关于同源四倍体水稻低结实率机理的细胞学研究也由于缺乏统计学数据而缺乏说明性。本文用SSR标记，对选取的36个结实率正常同源四倍体水稻三系亲本和14个来源二倍体亲本，分析他们的遗传差异和群体遗传结构。本文还利用我们培育的高、低结实率的同源四倍体水稻恢复系、优良保持系和杂种F1及二倍体对照为材料，进行系统深入的细胞遗传学研究，进一步探讨同源四倍体水稻有性传递后代的发育过程，探索分裂期染色体行为特征与遗传性状稳定性的关系，为进一步选育多倍体水稻品种并将其应用于生产提供理论依据。同源四倍体水稻突变株D4063-1直链淀粉含量比来源二倍体明恢63下降一半,即其直链淀粉含量为5.23%，为研究其直链淀粉含量下降的原因，本文还根据普通水稻Wx基因设计引物，扩增测序获得了D4063-1Wx基因的全序列，与已报道Wx基因进行比对分析，并根据D4063-1和籼稻、粳稻的序列差异并根据D4063-1在该片段上的特征序列位点设计了用于识别D4063-1的寡核苷酸片段,为快速、准确的鉴别低直链淀粉的D4063-1创造了条件。 SSR标记具有基因组分布广泛、数量丰富、多态性高、容易检测、共显性、结果稳定可靠、实验重现性好、操作简单、经济、易于高通量分析等许多优点，被认为是用于遗传多样性、品种鉴定、物种的系统发育、亲缘关系及起源等研究的非常有效的分子标记。本研究选取了中国科学院成都生物所培育的同源四倍体和二倍体水稻亲本，并用36个微卫星标记进行了遗传差异和种群遗传结构分析。在50个品系中，我们观察到较高水平的多态性，每基因等位基因数（Ae）分布于2至6之间（平均值3.028），多态性信息含量（PIC）分布于0.04至0.76之间（平均值0.366）；期望杂合度（He）分布于0.04至0.76之间（平均值0.370），Shannon指数（I）分布于0.098至1.613之间（平均值0.649）。同源四倍体品系的等位基因数，期望杂合性和Shannon指数都比二倍体品系高。在供试50个品系中，较多材料均发现Rare基因，根据SSR多态性指数我们构建了同源四倍体和二倍体水稻的核心指纹库。F-统计值表明遗传差异主要存在于同源四倍体品系中（Fst=0.066）。聚类分析结果表明50个品系可以分为4个组。I组包括所有的同源四倍体和二倍体籼稻保持系，以及一个同源四倍体籼稻雄性不育系及其来源二倍体。II组仅包括IR来源的品系。III组比II组和IV组更复杂，包括同源四倍体和二倍体籼稻恢复系品系。IV组包括同源四倍体和二倍体粳稻品系。此外,由于等位基因及配子的遗传差异,同源四倍体与二倍体品系中存在单位点和双位点的遗传差异。分析结果表明,二倍体和四倍体水稻基因库的不同,其中遗传变异可以区分四倍体与二倍体水稻。同源四倍体水稻具有长期而独立的遗传性，我们能够选育并得到与二倍体亲本相比有特殊优良农艺性状的品系。 本研究以高结实率的同源四倍体水稻恢复系DTP-4、D明恢63及优良保持系D46B为材料进行农艺性状及细胞遗传学比较研究。DTP-4、D明恢63及保持系D46B的的染色体组成均为2N=4X=48，花粉母细胞具有较为理想的减数分裂行为，配对染色体的比率在99%以上，这与理论染色体组构成相符。DTP-4和D明恢63PMC减数分裂各个时期单价体和三价体的比例都非常低，而在MI， PMC观察到较多的二价体和四价体且四价体多以环状形式出现，其最大频率的染色体构型分别为12II 6IV和10II 7IV。恢复系DTP-4和D明恢63在MI四价体频率分别为2.00/PMC和2.26/PMC，而保持系D46B在MI四价体频率为6.00/PMC，极显著地高于恢复系品系，表明保持系D46B具有更好的染色体配对性质；AI保持系D46B的染色体滞后频率为10.62%，远低于恢复系材料DTP－4和D明恢63的19.44％和23.14％，接近二倍体对照明恢63的7.30%水平；TI保持系D46B具有比恢复系更低频率的微核数。而在TII，D46B的正常四分小孢子比率不但高于恢复系品系甚至高于二倍体对照。对高低结实率的同源四倍体水稻恢复系和杂种F1代的花粉育性，结实率和细胞遗传学行为进行了比较研究。DTP-4, D明恢63, D46A´DTP-4和D46A´D明恢63的花粉育性和结实率比D什香和D46A´D什香显著提高。减数分裂分析的结果表明，DTP-4，D明恢63，D什香，D46A´DTP-4，D46A´D明恢63和D46A´D什香其减数分裂染色体构型分别为：0.05I +19.96 II (9.89棒状+10.07环状) +0.01III + 2.20 IV, 0.11I +19.17 II (8.90 棒状+10.37 环状) +0.09III + 2.26 IV + 0.01 VI, 1.33I +9.46 II (4.50 棒状+4.96 环状) +0.44III + 6.02 IV + 0.09VI + 0.09 VIII, 0.02I +14.36 II (6.44 棒状+7.91 环状) +0.01III + 4.80IV + 0.01VIII, 0.06 I +17.67 II (11.01 棒状+6.67 环状) +0.06 III + 3.10 IV + 0.01 VI and 1.11 I +11.31 II (5.80 棒状+5.51 环状) +0.41 III + 5.63 IV+0.03VI+0.03VIII。在同源四倍体水稻恢复系和杂种F1代材料中，最常见的染色体构型为16II +4IV和12II +6IV。在减数分裂过程中，结实率较高的材料染色体异常现象较少而结实率较低的材料染色体异常现象较严重。在杂种F1代中，二价体的比例要低于其相应的恢复系亲本，同样的，单价体，三价体和多价体的比例相比其恢复系亲本也偏低。然而，在减数分裂MI，杂种F1代中四价体的比例要显著高于其恢复系亲本。在中期I，每细胞单价体的比例和花粉育性呈现出极高的负相关(-0.996)，当单价体数目升高时，花粉育性下降。其次是每细胞三价体的比例(-0.987)，之后则是每细胞多价体的比例与花粉育性的负相关(-0.948)。但是统计分析表明，二价体和四价体的比例对花粉育性和结实率没有显著影响。这一结果表明出了花粉育性和细胞减数分裂行为的相关性，同源四倍体的减数分裂行为为筛选高结实率的同源四倍体种系提供了理论依据。 突变体是遗传学研究的基本材料。利用突变体克隆水稻基因,并进而研究基因的生物学功能是水稻功能基因组学的重要研究内容。本课题组在多年的四倍体水稻育种研究中已获得多个低直链淀粉含量突变体，其中一些突变体在直链淀粉含量下降的同时，胚乳外观也发生了显著改变，呈半透明或不透明。同源四倍体水稻突变株D4063-1直链淀粉含量比来源二倍体明恢63下降一半,即其直链淀粉含量为5.23%。为研究其直链淀粉含量下降的原因，我们根据普通水稻Wx基因设计引物，扩增测序获得了D4063-1Wx基因的全序列，与已报道Wx基因进行比对分析；同源四倍体水稻D4063-1Wx基因最显著变化为在外显子序列中发生了碱基缺失，导致移码突变，在第9外显子终止密码子提前出现。D4063-1Wx基因碱基位点的变化还导致了其序列上的酶切位点的变化,对常用限制性内切酶位点分析分析结果表明同源四倍体水稻相对于籼稻和粳稻多了2个sph1酶切位点，相对于粳稻减少了6个Acc1，增加了4个Xba1，1个Xho1，1个Pst1和1个Sal1酶切位点。聚类分析表明D4063-1Wx基因序列与籼稻亲源关系较近，由此推测D4063-1Wx基因来源于籼稻的Wxa基因型。另外，根据D4063-1Wx基因的碱基差异，我们推测D4063-1Wx基因外显子碱基变化导致的RNA加工障碍是其直链淀粉降低的主要原因，并可能与其米饭较软等品质相关。本文还根据D4063-1和籼稻、粳稻的序列差异并根据D4063-1在该片段上的特征序列位点设计了用于识别D4063-1的寡核苷酸片段,并作为PCR反应的引物命名为AUT4063-1,将该引物与我们设计的扩增普通籼稻、粳稻的Wx基因引物F5配合使用建立了识别D4063-1的显性和共显性两种检测方式的分子标记,为快速、准确的鉴别低直链淀粉的D4063-1创造了条件。 研究同源四倍体水稻基因组的遗传差异，探索同源四倍体水稻的遗传规律，研究分裂期染色体行为特征与遗传性状稳定性的关系,旨在揭示四倍体水稻中同源染色体配对能力的遗传差异，为进一步选育多倍体水稻品种并将其应用于生产提供理论依据。 Autotetraploid rice (2N=4X=48, AAAA) is a new germplasm developed from diploid rice (2N=2X=24, AA) through chromosomes doubling with colchicines and is an excellent resource for desirable resistance genes to the pathogens and high protein content. Therefore, heterosis utilization on polyploidy is becoming a new strategy in rice breeding. At present, the main research on autotetraploid rice centralizes in China. Breeding effort has been made to improve autotetraploid rice genetically, however, the progresses are limited due to higher degree of divergence between hybrid sterility and polygenic nature. But to date, almost nothing is reported about the genetic diversity, original and genetic background of autotetraploid rice. Despite several reports on cytological analysis of the mechanisms of low seed set in autotetraploid rice still the results are inconclusive due to lack the statistical evaluation. Therefore, the study on the mechanisms of low seed set in autotetraploid is a priority for rice breeding. Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are the widely used marker for estimating genetic diversity in many species, including wild, weedy, and cultivated rice. In our research, genetic diversity and population genetic structure of autotetraploid and diploid populations collected from Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences were studied based on 36 microsatellite loci. For the total of 50 varieties, a moderate to high level of genetic diversity was observed at population levels with the number of alleles per locus (Ae) ranging from 2 to 6 (mean 3.028) and PIC ranging from 0.04 to 0.76 (mean 0.366). The expected heterozygosity (He) varied from 0.04 to 0.76 with the mean of 0.370 and Shannon’s index (I) ranging from 0.098 to 1.613 (mean 0.649). The autotetraploid populations showed a slightly higher level of effective alleles, the expected heterozygosity and Shannon’s index than that of diploid populations. Rare alleles were observed at most of the SSR loci in one or more of the 50 accessions and core fingerprint database of the autotetraploid and diploid rice was constructed. The F-statistics showed that genetic variability mainly existed among autotetraploid populations rather than among diploid populations (Fst=0.066). Cluster analysis of the 50 accessions showed four major groups. Group I contained all of the autotetraploid and diploid indica maintainer lines and a autotetraploid and its original diploid indica male sterile lines. Groups II contained only original of IR accessions. Group III was more diverse than either group II or IV and comprised of both autotetraploid and diploid indica restoring lines. Group IV included japonica cluster of the autotetraploid and diploid rices. Furthermore, genetic differences at the single-locus and two-locus levels, as well as components due to allelic and gametic differentiation, were revealed between autotetraploid and diploid varieties. This analysis indicated that the gene pools of diploid and autotetraploid rice are somewhat dissimilar, which made a variation that distinguishes autotetraploid from diploid rices. Using this variation, we can breed new autotetraploid varieties with some new important agricultural characters but the diploid rice has not. Cytogenetic characteristics in restorer lines DTP-4, DMinghui63 and maintainer line D46B of autotetraploid rices were studied. DTP-4, DMinghui63 and D46B showed the advantage of high seed set and biological yield. The meiotic chromosome behavior was slightly irregular in DTP-4, DMinghui63 and D46B. We observed less univalent, trivalent and multivalent at MI, but more bivalent and quadrivalent were observed. The most frequent chromosome configurations were 12II 6IVand 10II 7IV in restorer and maintainer lines, respectively. The quadrivalent frequency of DTP-4 and Dminghui63 at metaphase(MI) was respectively 2.00/PMC and 2.26/PMC. However that frequency of D46B was 6.00/PMC, which was greatly significantly higher than DTP-4 and Dminghui63. That indicates the maintainer D46B has better chromosome pairing capability in metaphase (MI). The frequency of lagging chromosomes of the maintainer D46B at anaphaseI (AI) was 10.62%, which was significantly lower than that of DTP-4(19.44%) and Dminghui63(23.14%) and nearly reaching the level of diploid CK(7.30%). In telophaseI (TI) maintainer D46B showed lower frequency of microkernel at TI and lower frequency of abnormal spores at telophaseII(TII). We also studied pollen fertility, seed set and cytogenetic characteristics of restorer lines and F1 hybrids of autotetraploid rice. DTP-4, DMinghui63, D46A´DTP-4 and D46A´DMinghui63 showed significantly higher pollen fertility and seed set than DShixiang and D46A´DShixiang. Pairing configurations in PMC of DTP-4, DMinghui63, DShixiang, D46A´DTP-4, D46A´DMinghui63 and D46A´DShixiang were 0.05 I+19.96 II (9.89 rod+10.07 ring)+0.01 III+2.20 IV, 0.11 I+19.17 II (8.90 rod+10.37 ring)+0.09 III+2.26 IV+0.01 VI, 1.33 I+9.46 II (4.50 rod+4.96 ring)+0.44 III+6.02 IV+0.09 VI+0.09 VIII, 0.02 I+14.36 II (6.44 rod+7.91 ring)+0.01 III+4.80 IV+0.01V III, 0.06 I+17.67 II (11.01 rod+6.67 ring)+0.06 III+3.10 IV+0.01 VI and 1.11 I+11.31 II (5.80 rod+5.51 ring)+0.41 III+5.63 IV+0.03 VI+0.03 VIII, respectively. Configuration 16 II+4 IV and 12 II+6 IV occurred in the highest frequency among the autotetraploid restorers and hybrids. Meiotic chromosome behaviors were less abnormal in the tetraploids with high seed set than those with low seed set. The hybrids had fewer frequencies of bivalents, univalents, trivalents and multivalents than the restorers, but higher frequency of quatrivalents than the restorers at MI. The frequency of univalents at M1 had the most impact on pollen fertility and seed set, i.e., pollen fertility decreased with the increase of univalents. The secondary impact factors were trivalents and multivalents, and bivalents and quatrivalents had no effect on pollen fertility and seed set. The correlative relationship between pollen fertility and cytogenetic behaviors could be utilized to improve seed set in autotetraploidy breeding. The amylose content of autotetraploid indica mutant Rice D4063-1 dropped by half than diploid Minghui 63, that is, its amylose content of 5.23%.The whole sequence of Waxy gene of D4063-1 is amplified and sequenced. And the discrepancy of bases is found comparing to the reported Waxy gene. The Waxy gene of autotetraploid Rice D4063-1 had a base deletion in exon sequence, which resulted frameshift mutation in exon 9 and termination codon occur early. The mutation of Wx also led to the change of some common restriction endonuclease sites. Results showed compared to indica and japonica, D4063-1 had two adding sph1 sites. Compared to japonica, D4063-1 had six decreasing Acc1, a adding Xho1, Pst1 and Sal1 restriction sites. Phylogeny analysis shows that the DNA sequence of Waxy gene of D4063-1 is closer to Indica, and we suppose that the Waxy gene of D4063-1 is origin from genotype Wxa. In addition, according to the base differences of Wx in D4063-1, we deduce that RNA processing obstacle led by base change of intron is the main cause to low the amylose content, and related to phenotype of its soft rice. Based on analysis of fragments of D4063-1, indica and japonica and according to the special point of the three species, primers as markers-AUT4063-I were designed for distinguishing the D4063-1 from other rice. Combining with primer pair F5, dominant and codominant ways were established for discriminating them., rapid and correct identification of D4063-1 from other rice could be done. The genetic analysis is important to ensure the original of autotetraploid rice, for maintaining the “distinctiveness” of autotetraploid varieties, and to differentiate between the various genetic background of autotetraploid rice. The autotetraploid breeding will benefit from detailed analysis of genetic diversity in the germplasm collections. Further investigation on mechanisms of meiotic stability should benefit polyploid breeding. These findings demonstrated opportunity to improve meiotic abnormalities as well as grain fertilities in autotetraploid rice.

活性炭纤维(ACF)吸附法处理河流突发污染事故模拟研究

环境突发污染事故给人民生活、经济发展和生态环境造成重大影响，研究污染物泄漏造成河流突发污染事故的应急处理方法十分必要。本论文选取苯酚、苯胺和亚甲基蓝等典型污染物为实验对象，采用吸附容量大、密度与水接近的活性炭纤维(ACF)为吸附剂。在自制的河流模型中，研究了ACF以苯酚、苯胺和亚甲基蓝为典型污染物的吸附过程，考察了吸附剂投加量、污染物浓度、吸附剂比表面积、吸附剂投加方式、水流速度与水质等对吸附速率与吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明，ACF能以较快的速率吸附苯酚、苯胺和亚甲基蓝，吸附率都在95％以上； ACF投加量是影响吸附速率最重要的因素，当一次性投加ACF质量之比为 1:2:4时，吸附速率常数之比近似为1:2:4；污染物浓度对吸附速率的影响显著，浓度较低时吸附速率较高。苯酚初始浓度为7mg·L-1时，经过86分钟的吸附，处理后的浓度可以达到地表水Ⅴ类水中挥发酚的限值要求(0.1mg·L-1)；在吸附11分钟左右追加适量的ACF，能够明显提高吸附速率；河水流速和河流中的天然有机物、浊度、河水硬度对ACF吸附都不产生显著影响，这说明ACF作为河流突发污染事故应急处理的吸附剂，有广泛的适应性。在实际河水中，ACF对苯酚的吸附过程与在模拟河水中相似，吸附效果显著。实验结果还表明，ACF对苯酚的吸附是放热反应，符合Freundlich模型和Langmuir模型。事故应急处理后，应该及时将吸附了污染物的ACF打捞上来，有利于进行后续处理。 Emergency environmental pollution accidents pose significant impacts on our living, economic development and ecological environment. The study on the approach of emergency control for the contingency caused by leakage of pollutants in rivers is very necessary. In the experiment, phenol, aniline and methylene blue were selected as representative pollutant and activated carbon fiber (ACF) was selected as adsorbent, which has strong adsorption capacity and similar density to water. In the self-made river model, the effects of ACF dosage, pollutant concentration, ACF surface area, ACF adding ways, water flow rate and water quality on adsorption courses were investigated. The experimental results showed that ACF could adsorb pollutant quickly and effectively. The ACF dosage was the most important factor that affected adsorption rate .When the ACF dosage rate was 1:2:4, the constants of adsorption rate was approximately 1:2:4. The effect of pollutant concentrations on the adsorption rate was notable. Faster adsorption rates were achieved at low pollutant concentrations. Phenol concentration reached the limits of volatile phenol in Category Ⅴ surface water (0.1 mg·L-1) after 86 minutes of adsorption with initial phenol concentration of 7 mg·L-1. After 11 minutes of adsorption, certain amount of ACF was added and the adsorption rate was improved significantly. River flow rate and water quality have little effect on the adsorption rate. The adsorption results obtained in actual river water were comparable with that in simulating river water. The results also showed that, ACF on the absorption of phenol is exothermic reaction, witch matched with the Freundlich model and the Langmuir model. After emergency treatment, the ACF absorbed pollutants should be promptly salvaged for follow-up treatment.