Iowa Civil Rights Commission Agency Performance Plan and Action Plan,FY 2011-2012

Agency performancce plan and action plan for the Iowa Civil Rights Commission

An Essential Role for Insulin and IGF1 Receptors in Regulating Sertoli Cell Proliferation, Testis Size, and FSH Action in Mice.

Testis size and sperm production are directly correlated to the total number of adult Sertoli cells (SCs). Although the establishment of an adequate number of SCs is crucial for future male fertility, the identification and characterization of the factors regulating SC survival, proliferation, and maturation remain incomplete. To investigate whether the IGF system is required for germ cell (GC) and SC development and function, we inactivated the insulin receptor (Insr), the IGF1 receptor (Igf1r), or both receptors specifically in the GC lineage or in SCs. Whereas ablation of insulin/IGF signaling appears dispensable for GCs and spermatogenesis, adult testes of mice lacking both Insr and Igf1r in SCs (SC-Insr;Igf1r) displayed a 75% reduction in testis size and daily sperm production as a result of a reduced proliferation rate of immature SCs during the late fetal and early neonatal testicular period. In addition, in vivo analyses revealed that FSH requires the insulin/IGF signaling pathway to mediate its proliferative effects on immature SCs. Collectively, these results emphasize the essential role played by growth factors of the insulin family in regulating the final number of SCs, testis size, and daily sperm output. They also indicate that the insulin/IGF signaling pathway is required for FSH-mediated SC proliferation.

Des Eaux gazeuses alcalines de Soultzmatt... Histoire et topographie des bains... analyse des eaux, leur action physiologique... par M. le Dr Bach,... Suivi d'une nouvelle analyse des eaux... par M. Béchamp,... et de la Flore des environs de Soultzmatt, par M. Kirschleger,...

Comprend : Nouvelle Analyse des eaux de Soultzmatt

The role of actions in auditory object discrimination.

Action representations can interact with object recognition processes. For example, so-called mirror neurons respond both when performing an action and when seeing or hearing such actions. Investigations of auditory object processing have largely focused on categorical discrimination, which begins within the initial 100 ms post-stimulus onset and subsequently engages distinct cortical networks. Whether action representations themselves contribute to auditory object recognition and the precise kinds of actions recruiting the auditory-visual mirror neuron system remain poorly understood. We applied electrical neuroimaging analyses to auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in response to sounds of man-made objects that were further subdivided between sounds conveying a socio-functional context and typically cuing a responsive action by the listener (e.g. a ringing telephone) and those that are not linked to such a context and do not typically elicit responsive actions (e.g. notes on a piano). This distinction was validated psychophysically by a separate cohort of listeners. Beginning approximately 300 ms, responses to such context-related sounds significantly differed from context-free sounds both in the strength and topography of the electric field. This latency is >200 ms subsequent to general categorical discrimination. Additionally, such topographic differences indicate that sounds of different action sub-types engage distinct configurations of intracranial generators. Statistical analysis of source estimations identified differential activity within premotor and inferior (pre)frontal regions (Brodmann's areas (BA) 6, BA8, and BA45/46/47) in response to sounds of actions typically cuing a responsive action. We discuss our results in terms of a spatio-temporal model of auditory object processing and the interplay between semantic and action representations.

Site of the action of a synthetic atrial natriuretic peptide evaluated in humans.

The renal site of the natriuretic effect of human, atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) was studied using clearance techniques in eight salt-loaded normal volunteers undergoing maximal water diuresis. Lithium was used as a marker of proximal sodium reabsorption. According to a two-way, single blind, crossover design, hANP (Met12-(3-28)-eicosahexapeptide, (2 micrograms/min) or its vehicle (Ve) were infused for two hours, followed by a two-hour recovery period. Blood pressure, heart rate and insulin clearance remained unchanged. During hANP infusion, the filtration fraction increased slightly from 19.6 to 24.3% (P less than 0.001), fractional water excretion rose transiently at the beginning of the infusion. Fractional excretion of sodium increased markedly from 2.2% to 7.4% (P less than 0.001) but remained unchanged with Ve. ANP increased fractional excretion of lithium slightly from 46 to 58% (P less than 0.01), while it remained stable at 47% during Ve. The distal tubular rejection fraction of sodium calculated from sodium and lithium clearances rose markedly from 4.7 to 13% (P less than 0.001) and returned to 6.2% at the end of the recovery period. Thus, under salt loading and water diuresis conditions, hANP infusion did not alter GFR, but reduced proximal reabsorption of sodium, and markedly enhanced the fraction of sodium escaping distal tubular reabsorption, suggesting that hANP-induced natriuresis is due, for an important part, to inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron.