Boat wakes and their influence on erosion in the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, North Carolina

Boat wakes in the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIWW) of North Carolina occur in environments not normally subjected to (wind) wave events, making sections of AIWW potentially vulnerable to extreme wave events generated by boat wakes. The Snow’s Cut area that links the Cape Fear River to the AIWW is an area identified by the Wilmington District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers as having significant erosion issues; it was hypothesized that this erosion could be being exacerbated by boat wakes. We compared the boat wakes for six combinations of boat length and speed with the top 5% wind events. We also computed the benthic shear stress associated with boat wakes and whether sediment would move (erode) under those conditions. Finally, we compared the transit time across Snow’s Cut for each speed. We focused on two size classes of V-hulled boats (7 and 16m) representative of AIWW traffic and on three boat speeds (3, 10 and 20 knots). We found that at 10 knots when the boat was plowing and not yet on plane, boat wake height and potential erosion was greatest. Wakes and forecast erosion were slightly mitigated at higher, planing speeds. Vessel speeds greater than 7 knots were forecast to generate wakes and sediment movement zones greatly exceeding that arising from natural wind events. We posit that vessels larger than 7m in length transiting Snow’s Cut (and likely many other fetch-restricted areas of the AIWW) frequently generate wakes of heights that result in sediment movement over large extents of the AIWW nearshore area, substantially in exceedance of natural wind wave events. If the speed, particularly of large V-hulled vessels (here represented by the 16m length class), were reduced to pre-plowing levels (~ 7 knots down from 20), transit times for Snow’s Cut would be increased approximately 10 minutes but based on our simulations would likely substantially reduce the creation of erosion-generating boat wakes. It is likely that boat wakes significantly exceed wind wave background for much of the AIWW and similar analyses may be useful in identifying management options.

Climate Change and Water Resources Management: A Federal Perspective

Many challenges, including climate change, face the Nation’s water managers. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has provided estimates of how climate may change, but more understanding of the processes driving the changes, the sequences of the changes, and the manifestation of these global changes at different scales could be beneficial. Since the changes will likely affect fundamental drivers of the hydrological cycle, climate change may have a large impact on water resources and water resources managers. The purpose of this interagency report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is to explore strategies to improve water management by tracking, anticipating, and responding to climate change. The key points below briefly summarize the chapters in this report and represent underlying assumptions needed to address the many impacts of climate change.

Applicabilità degli idrogrammi sintetici di progetto nello studio del comportamento idraulico dei corsi d'acqua naturali

Nella protezione idraulica del territorio la previsione e il controllo delle piene sono di fondamentale importanza. I territori sono sempre più antropizzati, pertanto la riduzione dei rischi connessi a eventi idrometeorologici estremi è di notevole interesse. La previsione delle piene è resa difficile dall’innumerevole quantità di variabili che intervengono nel processo della loro formazione. Nelle attività di progettazione e nella verifica di opere idrauliche la identificazione dell’idrogramma di progetto spesso riveste un’importanza fondamentale. Un idrogramma di progetto è definito come un’onda di piena, realmente osservata o sintetica, associata ad un determinato livello di rischio, quantificato usualmente in termini di tempo di ritorno. Con il presente lavoro si cerca di verificare la possibilità di applicazione una metodologia per la stima degli idrogrammi di progetto associati ad un determinato tempo di ritorno, recentemente proposta dalla letteratura scientifica (Maione et al., 2001, Una metodologia per la stima indiretta degli idrogrammi sintetici per il progetto di opere di difesa idraulica del territorio). Il lavoro è riferito al Fiume Secchia, un affluente importante del Po che scorre tra le provincie di Modena e Reggio Emilia.

Wave runup on a 1 on 10 slope /

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Miscellaneous report.

Each issue has also a distinctive title.

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