982 resultados para Transferencia Temporal de Valores (TTV)


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Entre enero y noviembre de 1986, se colectaron un total de 216 muestras de fitoplancton en siete estaciones frente al Callao, Perú y 200 millas náuticas de distancia a la costa en profundidades de 0-50 m. Se determinaron las composiciones especiológicas y las densidades en relación a los factores ambientales.

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Procesa datos provenientes de los anáisis histológicos de ovarios de anchoveta y sardina durante los años 1993-1995 y de enero a marzo de 1996, con la finalidad de obtener valores estadísticamente significativos que permitan tener mayor confianza en la determinación del inicio y fin de las época de mayor intensidad de desove.

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La variabilidad temporal de baja frecuencia en Ecosistema de la Corriente Humboldt (ECH) frente a Perú se caracteriza por cambios abruptos en la dominancia de anchoveta y sardinas, así como por drásticas disminuciones en los desembarques de anchoveta durante la fase calidad del ciclo El Niño Oscilación del Sur (ENOS) (e.g. 1972-73 y 1982 – 1983). Sumado a esta características, estudios recientes sugieren que existen señales de largo plazo en el ECH frente a Perú (e. G. Tendencia decreciente de la abundancia de aves guaneras y volúmenes de mesozooplancton). Sin embargo, respuestas biológicas a tales señales físicas de largo plazo son crípticas o poco conocidas. En este estudio se analiza por una parte la variabilidad internual en las variables físicas y biológicas asociadas con El Niño. Esta señal se expresó en el Índice de oscilación Peruano (IOP), basado en las temperaturas superficiales del mar (TSM), en la variabilidad del viento del área EL NIÑO 3,4 y en el Índice de Oscilación del Sur (IOS), basado en la presión superficial del mar.

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Se analizó la distribución espacio temporal de la abundancia fitoplanctónica, asociándola con la temperatura, salinidad, nutrientes y clorofila "a" en el perfil Callao 12 ºS, durante el año 1987. Se determinó la estructura de las asociaciones del fitoplancton mediante la composición específica, la riqueza específica (S), diversidad (H') y la dominancia ( D ) . La variación anual fitoplanctónica presentó un comportamiento similar al ciclo anual de producción del mar peruano, con dos picos de abundancia; el primero en primavera y el segundo en verano. Los eventos de surgencias que enriquecen de nutrientes las aguas del área del Callao son los responsables de que en esta zona se hayan registrado las concentraciones más altas de fitoplancton. Las diatomeas, los cocolitofóridos y los fitoflagelados fueron los componentes dominantes en los muestreos; siendo los dinoflagelados y los silicoflagelados ligeramente abundantes en el verano. La composición específica arrojó un total de 172 especies, comprendidos en 91 diatomeas, 52 dinoflagelados, 21 cocolitofóridos, 6 fitoflagelados y 2 silicoflagelados . Las especies Thalassiosira mínima, Skeletonema costatum, Nitzschia bicapitata, Nitzschia closterium, Navícula sp ., Guinardia delicatula, Gymnodinium splendens, Emiliania huxleyi y Eutreptiella gimnastica, fueron características de la temporada de la Primavera y Verano, mientras que Planktoniella sol, Rhizosolenia bergonii, Gymnodinium sp. y Nonada sp. lo fueron para la temporada del Otoño e Invierno. La variación de la diversidad específica y la dominancia estuvo relacionada por la influencia del fenómeno El Niño, así tenemos que durante la época de El Niño hasta el invierno de 1987 se observaron valores altos de diversidad y baja dominancia en la zona costera indicando una comunidad fitoplanctónica de etapa avanzada de la sucesión ecológica . El evento "El Niño" 1987, provocó una notable caída de la abundancia fitoplanctónica, desde Noviembre de 1986 hasta Marzo de 1987. Los indicios de recuperación del fitoplancton se observaron a partir de setiembre de 1987, habiéndose recuperado parcialmente en Primavera del mismo año. Durante el período 1987, Emiliania huxleyi, Caloiosolenia murrayi y el grupo de los Fitoflagelados fueron los taxas predominantes.

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The ability to discriminate conspecific vocalizations is observed across species and early during development. However, its neurophysiologic mechanism remains controversial, particularly regarding whether it involves specialized processes with dedicated neural machinery. We identified spatiotemporal brain mechanisms for conspecific vocalization discrimination in humans by applying electrical neuroimaging analyses to auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in response to acoustically and psychophysically controlled nonverbal human and animal vocalizations as well as sounds of man-made objects. AEP strength modulations in the absence of topographic modulations are suggestive of statistically indistinguishable brain networks. First, responses were significantly stronger, but topographically indistinguishable to human versus animal vocalizations starting at 169-219 ms after stimulus onset and within regions of the right superior temporal sulcus and superior temporal gyrus. This effect correlated with another AEP strength modulation occurring at 291-357 ms that was localized within the left inferior prefrontal and precentral gyri. Temporally segregated and spatially distributed stages of vocalization discrimination are thus functionally coupled and demonstrate how conventional views of functional specialization must incorporate network dynamics. Second, vocalization discrimination is not subject to facilitated processing in time, but instead lags more general categorization by approximately 100 ms, indicative of hierarchical processing during object discrimination. Third, although differences between human and animal vocalizations persisted when analyses were performed at a single-object level or extended to include additional (man-made) sound categories, at no latency were responses to human vocalizations stronger than those to all other categories. Vocalization discrimination transpires at times synchronous with that of face discrimination but is not functionally specialized.

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Although local grape growers view bird depredation as a significant economic issue, the most recent research on the problem in the Niagara Peninsula is three decades old. Peer-reviewed publications on the subject are rare, and researchers have struggled to develop bird-damage assessment techniques useful for facilitating management programmes. I used a variation of Stevenson and Virgo's (1971) visual estimation procedure to quantify spatial and temporal trends in bird damage to grapes within single vineyard plots at two locations near St. Catharines, Ontario. I present a novel approach to managing the rank-data from visual estimates, which is unprecedented in its sensitivity to spatial trends in bird damage. I also review its valid use in comparative statistical analysis. Spatial trends in 3 out of 4 study plots confirmed a priori predictions about localisation in bird damage based on optimal foraging from a central location (staging area). Damage to grape clusters was: (1) greater near the edges of vineyard plots and decreased with distance towards the center, (2) greater in areas adjacent to staging areas for birds, and (3) vertically stratified, with upper-tier clusters sustaining more damage than lower-tier clusters. From a management perspective, this predictive approach provides vineyard owners with the ability to identify the portions of plots likely to be most susceptible to bird damage, and thus the opportunity to focus deterrent measures in these areas. Other management considerations at Henry of Pelham were: (1) wind damage to ice-wine Riesling and Vidal was much higher than bird damage, (2) plastic netting with narrow mesh provided more effective protection agsiinst birds than nylon netting with wider mesh, and (3) no trends in relative susceptibility of varietals by colour (red vs green) were evident.

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A series of permanent line transects established on fourteen reefs on the eastern seaboard of the Gulf of Thailand were monitored through a three-year period (1995- 1998) using a video transect method. Hierarchical cluster analysis shows three distinctive reef community types dominated by 1) Porites, 2) Acropora and 3) zoantharians. The reefs are developed under naturally turbid conditions and relatively low salinity due to the proximity of four major river outlets located in the uppermost area of the gulf. The number of Acroporid species on the reefs is positively correlated with distance from the major flver outlets. Eighty-seven species of scleractinian coral were found on the transects. Over the three-year period, the comparison of 1995-97-98 matched stations using Repeated Measures ANOV A reveals no significant time-dependent change in percent area cover of reef components except for an overall significant reduction in the faviid coral component. In the 1997-98 matched station comparison, statistical tests reveal significant increases in both Acropora and Porites components that translated into an overall increase in total living coral cover. These findings indicate that the overall environmental conditions have been favorable for coral growth. Outcompetition of massive corals by faster growing corals on several reefs also indicates conditions favorable for reef expansion. Growth of newlyformed Porites colonies over primary rock substrate and dead coral skeleton was presumably responsible for its rapid increase. Although these reefs are in an area of rapid industrialization and population growth, resultant anthropogenic effects have not yet stopped active coral accretion.

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Female enthusiasm towards engaging in physical education (PE) significantly decreases with age as it provides females with positive and negative emotional experiences. This study examined emotions within four grade nine female PE soccer and fitness classes (N = 67). Emotional patterns were studied over time and across two units of instruction and in relation to student grades. A mixed-method approach was utilized assessing the state emotions of shame, enjoyment, anxiety, and social physique anxiety (SPA). Results revealed unsatisfactory internal consistency for shame and thus it was removed. Statistical analysis revealed no significant changes in emotions over time, whereas qualitative analysis found that state emotions were inconsistent. Statistical analysis indicated that students in the fitness classes reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and SPA on the final class (p < .01). Qualitative analysis signaled different origins and themes of students‟ emotions. No predictive relationship between emotion and students‟ grade was found.

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Tesis (Maestría en Enfermería con Especialidad en Salud Comunitaria) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Administración con Especialidad en Relaciones Industriales) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Administración con Especialidad en Finanzas) UANL

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Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Entomología Médica) UANL