An evaluation of the Socrative (personal response system) app for increasing student engagement and learning in an undergraduate psychology curriculum.

Personal response systems using hardware such as 'clickers' have been around for some time, however their use is often restricted to multiple choice questions (MCQs) and they are therefore used as a summative assessment tool for the individual student. More recent innovations such as 'Socrative' have removed the need for specialist hardware, instead utilising web-based technology and devices common to students, such as smartphones, tablets and laptops. While improving the potential for use in larger classrooms, this also creates the opportunity to pose more engaging open-response questions to students who can 'text in' their thoughts on questions posed in class. This poster will present two applications of the Socrative system in an undergraduate psychology curriculum which aimed to encourage interactive engagement with course content using real-time student responses and lecturer feedback. Data is currently being collected and result will be presented at the conference.
The first application used Socrative to pose MCQs at the end of two modules (a level one Statistics module and level two Individual Differences Psychology module, class size N≈100), with the intention of helping students assess their knowledge of the course. They were asked to rate their self-perceived knowledge of the course on a five-point Likert scale before and after completing the MCQs, as well as their views on the value of the revision session and any issues that had with using the app. The online MCQs remained open between the lecture and the exam, allowing students to revisit the questions at any time during their revision.
This poster will present data regarding the usefulness of the revision MCQs, the metacognitive effect of the MCQs on student's judgements of learning (pre vs post MCQ testing), as well as student engagement with the MCQs between the revision session and the examination. Student opinions on the use of the Socrative system in class will also be discussed.
The second application used Socrative to facilitate a flipped classroom lecture on a level two 'Conceptual Issues in Psychology' module, class size N≈100). The content of this module requires students to think critically about historical and contemporary conceptual issues in psychology and the philosophy of science. Students traditionally struggle with this module due to the emphasis on critical thinking skills, rather than simply the retention of concrete knowledge. To prepare students for the written examination, a flipped classroom lecture was held at the end of the semester. Students were asked to revise their knowledge of a particular area of Psychology by assigned reading, and were told that the flipped lecture would involve them thinking critically about the conceptual issues found in this area. They were informed that questions would be posed by the lecturer in class, and that they would be asked to post their thoughts using the Socrative app for a class discussion. The level of preparation students engaged in for the flipped lecture was measured, as well as qualitative opinions on the usefulness of the session. This poster will discuss the level of student engagement with the flipped lecture, both in terms of preparation for the lecture, and engagement with questions posed during the lecture, as well as the lecturer's experience in facilitating the flipped classroom using the Socrative platform.

Laser-fabricated PET-Ti Hybrid Joints for Medical Device Applications

Currently, micro-joining of plastic parts to metal parts in medical devices is achieved by using medical adhesives, For example, pacemakers, defibrillators and neurological stimulators are designed using silicone adhesive to seal the joint between the polyurethane connector module and the titanium can [1]. Nevertheless, the use of adhesive is problematic because it requires a long time to cure and has high tendency to produce leachable products which might be harmful to the human body. An alternative for directly joining plastics to metal without adhesive is therefore required. Laser transmission joining (LTJ) is growing in importance, and has the potential to gain the niche in micro-fabrication of plastics-metal hybrid joints for medical device applications. The possibility of directly joining plastics to metal by LTJ technique have been demonstrated by a number of studies in recent literature [2]. The widely-accepted understanding of LTJ between plastics and metal is that generation and rapid expansion of micro-bubbles at the plastics-metal interface exert high local pressure to press the melted plastics towards the metal surface features during the laser processing [2]. This subsequently creates the plastics-metal hybrid joint by the mechanisms of mechanical interlocking as well as chemical and physical bonds between the plastics and metal surfaces. Although the micro-bubbles can help promote the mechanical interlocking effect to increase the joint strength, the creation of bubble is a random and complex process depending on the complicated interactions between the laser intensity, thermal degradation properties of plastics, surface temperature and topographical features of metal. In an ideal situation, it is desirable to create the hybrid plastics-metal joint without bubbles. However, the mechanical performance of the hybrid plastics-metal joint without bubbles is still unknown, and systematic comparison between the hybrid joints with and without bubbles is lacking in literature. This becomes the objective of this study. In this work, the laser process parameters were carefully chosen from a preliminary study, such that different hybrid joints: with and without bubbles can be produced and compared. Biocompatible PET and commercially pure Ti were selected as materials for laser joining.

Automated retinal image quality assessment on the UK Biobank dataset for epidemiological studies

Morphological changes in the retinal vascular network are associated with future risk of many systemic and vascular diseases. However, uncertainty over the presence and nature of some of these associations exists. Analysis of data from large population based studies will help to resolve these uncertainties. The QUARTZ (QUantitative Analysis of Retinal vessel Topology and siZe) retinal image analysis system allows automated processing of large numbers of retinal images. However, an image quality assessment module is needed to achieve full automation. In this paper, we propose such an algorithm, which uses the segmented vessel map to determine the suitability of retinal images for use in the creation of vessel morphometric data suitable for epidemiological studies. This includes an effective 3-dimensional feature set and support vector machine classification. A random subset of 800 retinal images from UK Biobank (a large prospective study of 500,000 middle aged adults; where 68,151 underwent retinal imaging) was used to examine the performance of the image quality algorithm. The algorithm achieved a sensitivity of 95.33% and a specificity of 91.13% for the detection of inadequate images. The strong performance of this image quality algorithm will make rapid automated analysis of vascular morphometry feasible on the entire UK Biobank dataset (and other large retinal datasets), with minimal operator involvement, and at low cost.

Acute care teaching in the undergraduate nursing curriculum

AIM: To incorporate basic aspects of acute care into the undergraduate nursing programme by providing an opportunity for the development of knowledge and skills in the early recognition and assessment of deteriorating patients on general hospital wards.
BACKGROUND: Acute care initiatives implemented in the hospital setting to improve the identification and management of 'at risk' patients have focused on the provision of education for trained or qualified staff. However, to ensure student nurses are 'fit to practice' at the point of registration, it has been recommended that acute care theory and skills are incorporated into the undergraduate nursing curriculum.
PRACTICE DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE: An 'Integrated Nursing Care' module was incorporated into year 3 of the undergraduate nursing programme to introduce students to acute care theory and practice. Module content focuses on the early detection and management of acute deterioration in patients with respiratory, cardiac, neurological or renal insufficiencies. We used a competency-based framework to ensure the application of theory to practice through the use of group seminars. High-fidelity patient-simulated clinical scenarios were a key feature. The United Kingdom Resuscitation Council Intermediate Life Support course is also an important component of the module.
CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating the Integrated Nursing Care module into the undergraduate nursing curriculum provides pre-registration students the opportunity to develop their knowledge and skills in acute care.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The provision of undergraduate education in care of the acutely ill patient in hospital is essential to improve nurses' competence and confidence in assessing and managing deteriorating patients in general wards at the point of registration.

Accidental release of hazardous gases: modelling and assessing risk

The renewed concern in assessing risks and consequences from technological hazards in industrial and urban areas continues emphasizing the development of local-scale consequence analysis (CA) modelling tools able to predict shortterm pollution episodes and exposure effects on humans and the environment in case of accident with hazardous gases (hazmat). In this context, the main objective of this thesis is the development and validation of the EFfects of Released Hazardous gAses (EFRHA) model. This modelling tool is designed to simulate the outflow and atmospheric dispersion of heavy and passive hazmat gases in complex and build-up areas, and to estimate the exposure consequences of short-term pollution episodes in accordance to regulatory/safety threshold limits. Five main modules comprising up-to-date methods constitute the model: meteorological, terrain, source term, dispersion, and effects modules. Different initial physical states accident scenarios can be examined. Considered the main core of the developed tool, the dispersion module comprises a shallow layer modelling approach capable to account the main influence of obstacles during the hazmat gas dispersion phenomena. Model validation includes qualitative and quantitative analyses of main outputs by the comparison of modelled results against measurements and/or modelled databases. The preliminary analysis of meteorological and source term modules against modelled outputs from extensively validated models shows the consistent description of ambient conditions and the variation of the hazmat gas release. Dispersion is compared against measurements observations in obstructed and unobstructed areas for different release and dispersion scenarios. From the performance validation exercise, acceptable agreement was obtained, showing the reasonable numerical representation of measured features. In general, quality metrics are within or close to the acceptance limits recommended for ‘non-CFD models’, demonstrating its capability to reasonably predict hazmat gases accidental release and atmospheric dispersion in industrial and urban areas. EFRHA model was also applied to a particular case study, the Estarreja Chemical Complex (ECC), for a set of accidental release scenarios within a CA scope. The results show the magnitude of potential effects on the surrounding populated area and influence of the type of accident and the environment on the main outputs. Overall the present thesis shows that EFRHA model can be used as a straightforward tool to support CA studies in the scope of training and planning, but also, to support decision and emergency response in case of hazmat gases accidental release in industrial and built-up areas.

Contributo das ferramentas da web social para a construção de conhecimento

O presente estudo foi realizado no âmbito do curso de formação pós-graduada em Multimédia em Educação da Universidade de Aveiro no ano letivo de 2007/08, mais concretamente num dos módulos curriculares que o compõem. Esta foi a segunda edição em que a utilização de ferramentas da web social foi adotada enquanto meio de distribuição do ambiente de aprendizagem de alguns dos módulos curriculares que compõem o curso. A partir desta utilização, analisamos os contributos que daí decorreram para a construção de conhecimento. O levantamento de tais contributos consubstanciou-se no estabelecimento de objetivos que incluíram: (i) a identificação das principais ferramentas utilizadas ao longo do módulo em estudo; (ii) a determinação do contributo dessas ferramentas para o incremento de práticas de interação (formais e informais) e (iii) para o desenvolvimento de competências e (iv) a análise das interações que ocorreram em dois dos espaços de discussão assíncrona criados no âmbito do módulo. Para alcançarmos os objetivos propostos, desenvolvemos um estudo de caso que envolveu dois professores, o coordenador do curso e os cinquenta e seis alunos que cursaram o módulo em questão. Os dados foram recolhidos através dos guiões orientadores do curso e do módulo em estudo, do questionário administrado aos alunos, da análise das interações ocorridas em dois espaços de discussão, das entrevistas realizadas aos professores e do focus group realizado com alguns alunos. A análise e o cruzamento dos dados recolhidos permitiu-nos identificar contributos que decorrem da utilização de ferramentas da web social e que relevam para o processo de construção de conhecimento. Permitiu-nos, também, contribuir para o estudo desta problemática, questionando as práticas de análise que lhe são aplicadas e sugerindo, à luz do panorama tecnológico e educativo atual, eventuais complementos.

O ensino e aprendizagem online da estatística descritiva

Tendo em conta que a Universidade Eduardo Mondlane é a primeira instituição, em Moçambique, a oferecer cursos completamente baseados na Web, o presente estudo constitui uma das primeiras investigações com a qual se pretende perceber qual o impacto de um módulo assente na compreensão de conceitos e na resolução de tarefas, fortemente apoiadas por uma Folha de Cálculo, estruturado numa lógica de webquest e lecionado a distância, rentabilizando-se potencialidades da plataforma virtual Aulanet, no desenvolvimento de competências tecnológicas e de conhecimentos, capacidades e atitudes relacionados com a Estatística descritiva. Para dar resposta às questões de investigação formuladas, optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa e por uma estratégia de estudo de caso que se desenvolveu num contexto próximo da lógica da investigação - ação. Os principais participantes foram alunos do Curso de Licenciatura em Gestão de Negócios da UEM em Moçambique, a frequentar a disciplina de Estatística Aplicada. Para a recolha de dados, privilegiaram-se as técnicas da inquirição, análise documental e observação direta e participante, e diversos instrumentos como questionários e entrevistas, produções dos alunos, intervenções no fórum de debate, no Chat, testes e trabalhos, diário de bordo e notas de campo, com vista à triangulação metódica. A análise estatística e de conteúdo dos dados recolhidos permite constatar que a aprendizagem, à distância, de Estatística Descritiva, explorando-se meios tecnológicos de informação e de comunicação online e folha de cálculo Excel, inscritos numa estratégia de webquest ,potencia o desenvolvimento de competências tecnológicas e de conhecimentos, capacidades e atitudes relacionados com o tema. Paralelamente, permitiu refletir sobre as condições de ensino e de aprendizagem que podem favorecer tais práticas.

Estratégias de utilização de ferramentas web 2.0 e a promoção do pensamento crítico

O desenvolvimento das ferramentas Web 2.0 tem estado a impulsionar mudanças significativas no modo de interação entre os utilizadores da Internet. No âmbito educacional, estas ferramentas podem enriquecer as práticas pedagógicas e promover ações que envolvam a participação ativa, a colaboração, a cooperação e a partilha de saberes. Num contexto de ensino e aprendizagem em que se assume que, os estudantes de pós-graduação em Ciências de Educação apresentam deficiências ao nível do pensamento crítico, a utilização pedagógica das ferramentas Web 2.0 pode ser, deste modo, considerada como um fator promotor do pensamento crítico. Nesta linha de pensamento, o presente estudo surge com o objetivo principal de contribuir para uma compreensão mais profunda relativamente à utilização de tecnologias Web 2.0 como um fator potencial de promoção do desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico na Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM) através da aplicação e análise de algumas estratégias pedagógicas baseadas em blogs e wikis. Em função do objetivo do estudo, a parte empírica foi conduzida na forma de uma investigação-ação e compreendeu dois ciclos. A seleção dos participantes foi feita por conveniência. O 1º ciclo de investigação incidiu sobre catorze participantes matriculados no ano académico de 2009/2010 para o módulo Desenvolvimento Profissional e Aprendizagem ao Longo da Vida, lecionado na fase de especialização de mestrado em Educação de Adultos. O 2º ciclo compreendeu dezoito participantes também inscritos para o mesmo módulo, mas no ano académico de 2010/2011. A recolha de dados foi feita por meio de observação, inquérito por entrevista do tipo semiestruturada, diário de bordo, inquérito por questionário, ensaios argumentativos e pesquisa documental. Um modelo de análise adaptado a partir da tipologia de pensamento crítico de Ennis (1987) foi utilizado na recolha e análise dos dados. Uma análise interpretativa dos dados foi efetuada com ajuda do software Nvivo8. Os resultados do estudo demonstraram que é possível promover as capacidades e disposições de pensamento crítico nos estudantes mediante a utilização de algumas estratégias pedagógicas que recorrem a ferramentas Web 2.0, como sejam o blog de discussão, os blogs de grupos e a wiki da turma. Apesar das diversas dificuldades enfrentadas pelos estudantes no desenrolar do módulo, os participantes de ambos os ciclos reconhecem que as ferramentas Web 2.0 têm um grande potencial para a promoção do pensamento crítico e que a sua aplicação é fortemente recomendável para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. O estudo concluiu também que o modelo de análise adaptado de Ennis (1987) que orientou a pesquisa revelou ser fundamental na observância da ocorrência de capacidades e disposições de pensamento crítico nos blogs de discussão, blogs de grupos e na wiki da turma.