As orquestras invadem as salas de estar: redefinição dos padrões e espaços para a escuta musical no Rio de Janeiro (1926-1931)

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, a series of technical innovations have been commercially and widespread on some urban groups everyday, in Brazil. Some of these technological innovations have played an important role in large-scale distribution of artistic works, which until then had an extremely limited potential for diffusion. Development of devices that can record and play music has been mechanically inserted into this logic, while the gramophones, phonographs, cylinders and discs became popular. By this time a new moment for production and consumption of music had started. Especially since the begging of electrical system for registration and production of sounds, this process bought important meaning to the way some peoples in Rio would leasing and sense music, besides it had contributed substantially to changes in the spatial references of these individuals

Nos tempos do blackout: cena musical, práticas urbanas e a ressignificação da Rua Chile, Natal-RN

This study aims to analyze the process of resignification of Chile Street, in Natal, from the development of a music scene in the late 1990s. Chile Street, as part of the Historic Centre of Natal, had its images constructed from the discursive practices and everyday life of its regular visitors, leading to a series of symbolic and imaging transformations throughout the twentieth century. Initially transformed into glamorous space as a result of urban actions of the new republic of Albuquerque Maranhão, in the early twentieth century, Ribeira and Chile Street, specifically, came to be seen as bohemian area, during the war time"; followed by a marginal phase, it was eventually transformed into the main rocker area of Natal, with the development of a musical scene in the second half of the 1990s. This music scene, its practices, economic interests, cultural events and identity ties created among their practitioners made Chile Street, "in the time of Blackout night club", an "alternative" space. As the historic centers, inserted in the logic of postmodern city marketing, both spaces are dynamic in their practices, as in their images, Chile Street also suffered changes in its meanings and symbols, around the year 2000 when the alternative-underground space became a pop space, where people from various parts of the city began attending its events and places, transforming it into a point of very heterogeneous sociability

O significado da morte para adolescentes, adultos e idosos

Apesar do aumento na quantidade de trabalhos que visam a abordar a morte como tema de investigação, observa-se que ainda prevalece a interdição do assunto morte, dificultando que ela seja abordada e discutida. Este estudo buscou ampliar a compreensão de como pessoas, em diferentes etapas desenvolvimentais, lidam com perdas e com a própria finitude. Para isso, 7 adolescentes, 14 adultos de meia-idade e 10 idosos foram entrevistados, e os dados foram compreendidos mediante análise de conteúdo. Entre os participantes, os adultos foram os que mostraram mais aflição e inquietação, ao falarem sobre a própria finitude e sobre a possibilidade da morte de pessoas queridas. Os adolescentes abordaram-na como um acontecimento distante e impessoal, enquanto os idosos se referiram a ela com maior proximidade e aceitação. Sugere-se a realização de estudos que aprofundem tais compreensões, relacionando-as às diferentes religiões, classes sociais e experiências com perdas.

A apreciação musical infantil: aspectos da constituição da infância contemporânea no discurso de crianças do Ensino Fundamental

Music can be found in peculiar historical and social context with distinct functions, such as religious rituals, ethic-esthetic education of subjects, therapeutic elements, critic and maintenance of established patterns, among others. Considered as language, music acts on dialogue dimensions of the body, the senses, the affectionate-cognitive and of social interactions. Their uses reveal the social forces that cross the culture and constitution of subjectivities. The attribution of senses by the subjects to musical production reveals the cultural voices in dialogue, that circumscribe determined social places to them. Our aim in this work is to investigate the child musical appreciation, with children about 7 to 9 years old, and, by attributing uses and senses to music, unveil the voices that settle the places intended and assumed by infancy in contemporaneity The child constructs its musical appreciation through cultural access and mediation, possible by circulation in several socializing groups like family, school, church, infant groups, community groups and, more recently, publicity and media These last two spheres, enabled by the development of the technological means of communication, contributed to the dissemination of the set of consume ideas and for the emergence of the cultural industry, characteristic of the capitalistic production way in its present configuration. They develop new possibilities of perception of the world, in which the limits between childhood and adulthood are not anymore the same that have been established in previous centuries. So, the child musical appreciation is constituted by homogeneity regarding the senses built and disseminated by cultural industry and by the logical merchandizing, and singularities, associated to the construction of senses in interaction with global, local, and multiple contexts, through which the subject circulates and constitutes himself polyphonically

Significado do Trabalho e Escolha Acadêmico-Profissional: um estudo com universitários primeiranistas

Relations between the meaning attributed to work by first year university students and their academic and professional choice were analyzed. The participants were 921 students, 17-52 years old (M = 22; SD = 4.9), enrolled in 16 courses common to two college level institutions of the city of Natal, RN, one public, the other private. A questionnaire was designed for collecting data about the academic-professional choice, with open-ended and multiple choice questions. Work meaning was obtained by means of two questions on centrality and two scales pertaining to the Inventory of Motivation and Work Meaning: value and descriptive attributes. A socio-demographic set of questions ended the questionnaire. Data was entered in a SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) database, allowing for the pertinent statistical analyses, such as frequency, t test, chi square, factor analysis, cluster analysis and ANOVA. Results indicated that the decision about academic-professional career was made by the majority of the participants (in first option, N = 921) without the adequate consideration of the socio-professional reality (80.7%) and personal internal resources (98.5%). When considering the second option (N = 654), only the first criterion was taken into account, but only by 12.5% of the sample. The main difficulties faced by students during the choosing process were, then, made apparent in the data. 46.8% of the participants were unsatisfied with the course they had started and were anticipating unpromising perspectives in relation to it. The first year students took work as the second most important aspect of their lives and demonstrated an idealized vision about it. Five patterns of work meaning were identified. In relation to centrality and the value and descriptive attributes, the university students displayed differentiation in the attribution of work meaning according to course and area of knowledge

O comprometimento no trabalho e o significado do trabalho :um estudo com os funcionários do Banco do Nordeste do Brasil S/A

The current study analyses the relation between commitment (focusing on organization, career and syndicate) and the meaning of the work for 123 employees from a bank of mixed economy, crowed in agencies located in the Northeast capitals and also in four capitals out of this region: Belo Horizonte-MG, Brasília-DF, Rio de Janeiro-RJ and São Paulo-SP. It explores the commitment variability in the work of participants, as well as the score combination in foci, generating the commitment patterns, having used as an instrument a questionnaire consisting: a reduced version of OCQ Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (09 items), which measures the organizational commitment; the reduced Gordon s Scale (10 items), which measures the syndicate commitment; and the Blau s Scale, which measures the commitment to the career/occupation. It speculates, likewise, the meaning of work variability to the sample, seeking for the value attributes (what work should be), descriptive attributes (what work is) and its hierarchy, for which the ISMT-Inventário do Significado e Motivação no Trabalho has been applied; the work centrality, for which two specific inquires were used. The answers were registered in data at SPSS-Statically Package for Social for Windows, and from this point the statistical analyses were accomplished. Eight commitments to work patterns and six from the meaning of work were identified (Cluster analyses). The relation between both constructs was confirmed, corroborating other studies

O significado do trabalho entre os jovens na transição de estudante universitário a profissional

The present study analyses the variability of the meaning of the work among young people on the transition from university to professional life, divided according to: university levels, knowledge area and graduation course. A hundred seventeen young people answered the questionaries structured on the components of the meaning of work. Semi-structured interviews were also made with parts of the sample about the themes related to the meaning of work on this way the information of the questionaries became complete. The answers of the interviews were studied through the analysis of the thematic contents. The results of such analysis and the answers of the questionaries were registered on the data base SPSS for Windows. The results of the statistic analysis made indicated that: (1) the centrality of work and the articulations among stronger spheres do not present variability according to level, area or course; (2) the course makes more difference values factors and descriptives factors than area and level; (3) the hierarchy of values presents variability according to area and the descriptive hierarchy presents variability according to course; (4) the level makes more difference specific attributes of the meaning of the work than area and course; (5) the standards of the meaning of work do not present variability according to level, area and course, but present variability according to type of the work market evaluation and planning the future work. In summary, the meaning of work present variability according to level, area and course of the young people, when studied in facets, except for the work centrality

A motivação e o significado do trabalho de bancários: estudo comparativo entre dois momentos do processo de reestruturação produtiva

This master s dissertation deals with motivation and the meaning of work amongst bank employees. This is done considering a cognitive perception. Work is understood here under a social and subjective comprehension, once it deals with significance attribution. Motivation is the process that rules choice of the different possibilities of individual behavior, all of which according to the Expectation Theory. This study aims to analyze the implications of the productive restructure, since it is related to technological innovation, organizational changes and management, in motivation and work significance. Thus, the objective of the research is to verify motivational differences and the meaning of work amongst bank employees. This is done in two distinct moments of the productive restructure of bank employees in Natal-RN. The research is divided in two parts. In the first one, changes that occurred in banks between 1999 until 2005 were identified by the means of interviews with 7 bank managers. The analyzed perspective was training intensifying, quality emphasis of customer attendance, the use of automation/technology, staff stabilization, change in staff profile, work intensification, etc. In the second study the Inventory of Motivation and Work Meaning was applied. Thus, questions related to work focus, social demographic data, in 187 bank employees were dealt with. The collected data was compared to data from previous work. It was observed that productive restructure has a reflection in the meaning of work increasing self-expression, economical reward, and responsibility in work conditions. All of the item mention beforehand maintain the level of inhumanness and consummation and respond as being the characteristics of the real work environment. On the other hand, bank employees value less justice, self-expression and more the survival perspective, implying instrumental values to work. As for motivation, it is increased among bank employees. These employees have greater expectations that their work produce results since they believe in their interference in work results

O significado do acidente de trabalho com material biológico para os profissionais de enfermagem

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender o significado dos acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico na perspectiva dos profissionais de enfermagem. de caráter exploratório com abordagem qualitativa pela análise de conteúdo de Bardin. No período de 2001 a 2006 ocorreram 87 acidentes com material biológico, sendo que destes, oito eram soropositivos para hepatite B e C e Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se entrevista com perguntas norteadoras. Ao indagar esses profissionais sobre o significado dos acidentes, emergiram quatro categorias: situação de risco; percepção de perigo; fatalidade e sentimentos. Embora não seja estratégia de esclarecimento, mas é fato que organização de trabalho e ações educativas tem impacto considerável para diminuir esse tipo de acidente, diminuindo prejuízos na vida dos acidentados.

O significado do trabalho em equipe na reabilitação de pessoas com malformação craniofacial congênita

Este estudo objetivou compreender o significado do trabalho em equipe dos profissionais de reabilitação em anomalias craniofaciais. Realizou-se análise fenomenológica por contemplar a compreensão e interpretação do sentido considerando o sujeito. Entrevistou-se 12 profissionais de diferentes áreas, norteadas pela questão: O que significa para você trabalhar em equipe na reabilitação de anomalias craniofaciais? Resgatando-se os temas: Capacitação para o trabalho, Dificuldade para trabalho em equipe, Relação com paciente e família, Condições de trabalho e A inserção do profissional na equipe. A análise visou refletir o fenômeno engendrando convergências e divergências destacando a explicitação das diferenças e aprendizado contínuo.

Compreendendo o significado de qualidade de vida segundo idosos portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo II

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem fenomenológica, objetivando descrever o significado de qualidade de vida, segundo relatos de idosos portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo II, e avaliar as repercussões da doença sobre sua vida. Entrevistamos 12 idosos diabéticos, no período de setembro a outubro de 2008, entre um e quarenta anos de evolução da doença. Foi feita a seguinte questão norteadora: Para o Sr. (a), o que significa qualidade de vida? A análise dos discursos mostrou facetas relevantes ligadas ao cotidiano do idoso com diabetes mellitus. Para eles, a qualidade de vida está intimamente relacionada à saúde física, independência na vida diária e econômica, integração social, suporte familiar e saúde mental-espiritual. A restrição alimentar foi o ponto de maior repercussão do diabetes sobre seu modo de viver. Verificou-se que cabe aos profissionais de saúde ampliar o diálogo profissional-paciente, promovendo autonomia e independência no cuidado e corresponsabilização.

A educação musical sob a perspectiva da pedagogia histórico-crítica

This work, from of theorist perspective of Historical-Critical Pedagogy, presents the school Music Education like a social mediator environment between the practices, listening and musical everydaylife knowledges and the not-quotidian, which are constitution and accumulated, throughout the centuries of History, by the human societies. The purpose is to present a possible theorist foundation to define the importance of Music Education insert in the elementary school, like a subject destined to guarantee the whole children formation and the enrichment of their relations with the music. It is a theorist reflection that indicates the importance of observation of the quotidian and not-quotidian knowledges characteristics, moreover of complete importance of formal education and, in specific, of school Music Education on human development.

Braquiópodes (Rhynchonelliformea, Bouchardioidea) neógenos da bacia de Pelotas (RS) e seu significado paleoambiental

The occurrence of brachiopods in Cenozoic rocks of the Pelotas Basin is known since 1862. In spite of that, detailed systematic and taphonomic studies are still missing. Investigations made a half century ago, have suggested that these brachiopods could belong to Bouchardia cf. zitteli, a species found in the San Julian Formation, Late Oligocene, Argentina. Our data suggest that those brachiopods may resemble Bouchardia transplatina. In the Uruguayan portion of the Pelotas Basin B. transplatina is known in rocks of the Camacho Formation, Miocene. In addition, small recrystallized shells of brachiopods were also recovered from three Petrobras boreholes (2PJ-1-RS, 2PN-1-RS, and 2GA-1-RS) from the Pelotas Basin. Brachiopods come from the interval of 130 to 150 meters within the Miocene Henryhowella evax Zone. Despite the degree of taphonomic modiication of those brachiopod shells they indubitably belong to Bouchardia sp. This is noteworthy for various reasons: 1- Bouchardia is a brachiopod with warm water afinities. Presently, extant members of this genus are unknown in latitudes up to 34[degree]S, with the main records at 23[degree]S. 2- Although occurring in depths down to 200 meters, the living member (Bouchardia rosea) of this genus is most abundant in shallow platformal, nutrient-rich waters. 3- The occurrence of Bouchardia in the Miocene of the Pelotas Basin indicates that, at least to the interval of Henryhowella evax Zone, warm waters of the Brazilian currents prevail. This interpretation is in strong accordance with other paleoeoceanographic and paleoclimatic data offered by various groups of co-occurring microfossils, such as ostracodes and foraminifers.