Obesidade infantil: projeto de intervenção para promover hábitos alimentares e estilos de vida saudáveis aos alunos de 1ª e 2ª série da Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental do bairro Carapebus – Serra – ES

No mundo em geral e no Brasil em particular, o problema da obesidade infantil tem se revelado como um novo desafio para a saúde pública, uma vez que sua incidência e prevalência têm crescido de forma alarmante nos últimos 30 anos. Grande parte estaria relacionada à má alimentação (95%, exógena), enquanto, apenas 5% seriam decorrentes de fatores endógenos. A falta de informação sobre a obesidade infantil e seus riscos e as ideias erradas com relação à alimentação no seio da família e na própria equipe de saúde, são o maior problema a ser superado para conseguir uma boa adesão ao tratamento. O presente trabalho objetiva desenhar um projeto de intervenção a ser realizado na escola de ensino fundamental e na UBS do bairro Carapebus, onde trabalharemos o conhecimento e a autoestima dos participantes com o intuito de promover a adesão ao tratamento nutricional e sensibilizar responsáveis e crianças sobre a importância da aquisição de hábitos nutricionais saudáveis. O plano operativo propõe oficinas de qualificação aos trabalhadores da UBS e professor de educação física da escola; questionário aos responsáveis das crianças com sobrepeso e obesidade sobre fatores associados à obesidade (hábitos de lazer, sedentarismo, atividades físicas, frequência qualitativa de alimentos, nível socioeconômico...); consulta médica e nutricional com avaliação antropométrica; oficinas de educação em saúde sobre alimentação saudável e atividade física; avaliação do impacto das ações realizadas. O projeto está estruturado para ser realizado em 4 etapas com uma duração total de 12 meses e a metodologia a aplicar será a pesquisa-ação.

Hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus: plano de intervenção para modificar hábitos alimentares. Programa Saúde da Família, Vermelho Novo - Minas Gerais

Diabetes Mellitus e Hipertensão Arterial são doenças com grande incidência, prevalência, complicações com sequelas graves e mortalidade na população ainda ativa em nível mundial e no Brasil. No município Vermelho Novo, Minas Gerais essas doenças são também um grande problema de saúde e de demanda espontânea na Unidade Básica de Saúde. Detectamos que a maioria dos pacientes não cumpre a dieta por diferentes causas, apesar das orientações dos profissionais da equipe de saúde, não se consegue modificar seus hábitos nutricionais. As estratégias que envolvem a alimentação e nutrição, como formas de intervenção, tornam-se imprescindíveis a qualquer programa que vise, a partir do princípio da integralidade das ações, elevar a qualidade de vida da população. Essa pesquisa apresenta um Projeto de Intervenção com objetivo de incentivar a modificação de hábitos alimentares dos pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos na Unidade Básica de Saúde do município Vermelho Novo Minas Gerais. Foi realizada revisão bibliográfica e elaborado um projeto de intervenção utilizando como metodologia o Planejamento Estratégico Situacional com participação da Equipe de Saúde da Família. O projeto inclui mais conhecimentos sobre essas doenças, incentivo a mudança de hábitos nutricionais e organizar o processo de trabalho da equipe de saúde. A intervenção proposta prevê que a equipe esteja mais capacitada para modificar hábitos alimentares destes pacientes, e assim contribuir ao autocontrole e controle dessas doenças e prevenir as complicações, sequelas e mortes que provocam cada ano.

Redução dos maus habitos alimentares da população adscrita à equipe Verde da estrategia saúde da família, na unidade de saúde Bom Jesus, municipio Santa Luzia, MG

Os maus hábitos alimentares sãodesencadeantes fundamentais no agravo de diversas doenças crônicas, causando sérios problemas na saúde pública no Brasil. Na Unidade de Saúde da Família"Bom Jesus", observa-se falta de educação na população sobre uma alimentação saudável, existindo indisciplina alimentar, caracterizada pela incorreta ingestão dos alimentos vinculando também hábitos psicossociais, prevalecendo o estresse nas atividades diárias, gerando a preferência em alimentos pouco saudáveis. Este estudo tem como objetivo elaborar uma propostade intervenção que permita verificar o conhecimento dos usuários sobre os maus hábitos alimentares e as consequências das doenças derivadas. Desenvolver ações que fomentem mudanças no estilo de vida, com abordagem de educação para a saúde visando melhorar os hábitos alimentares da população residente na área de abrangência da Unidade de Saúde.A metodologia constou da realização do diagnóstico situacional; revisão da literatura e desenvolvimento do plano de ação. Os nós críticos identificados: hábitos e estilos de vida inadequados; desconhecimento da população sobre alimentação saudável, deficiência no processo de trabalho da equipe de saúde e recursos humanos insuficientes para atender a clientela. Fundamentado nesses nós críticos, foram propostas as seguintes ações: criação dos projetos "Melhor Saúde é Mais Vida" para conscientizar a população sobre uma alimentação adequada; "Saberé Viver" para aumentar o nível de informação sobre os maus hábitos alimentaresentre os usuários da comunidade; "Eficácia e Produtividade" para acompanhar o cuidado dos usuários em relação aos serviços de saúde. Espera-se com esse trabalho, trazer benefícios para os trabalhadores da saúde e em especial à comunidade

[effect Of Ropivacaine Combined With Pancuronium On Neuromuscular Transmission And Effectiveness Of Neostigmine And 4-aminopyridine For Blockade Reversal: Experimental Study].

The local anesthetic effects on neuromuscular junction and its influence on blockade produced by nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers are still under-investigated; however, this interaction has been described in experimental studies and in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the interaction between ropivacaine and pancuronium, the influence on transmission and neuromuscular blockade, and the effectiveness of neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine to reverse the blockade. Rats were divided into groups (n=5) according to the study drug: ropivacaine (5μgmL(-1)); pancuronium (2μg.mL(-1)); ropivacaine+pancuronium. Neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine were used at concentrations of 2μgmL(-1) and 20μgmL(-1), respectively. The effects of ropivacaine on membrane potential and miniature end-plate potential, the amplitude of diaphragm responses before and 60minutes after the addition of ropivacaine (degree of neuromuscular blockade with pancuronium and with the association of pancuronium-ropivacaine), and the effectiveness of neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine on neuromuscular block reversal were evaluated. Ropivacaine did not alter the amplitude of muscle response (the membrane potential), but decreased the frequency and amplitude of the miniature end-plate potential. Pancuronium blockade was potentiated by ropivacaine, and partially and fully reversed by neostigmine and 4-aminopyridine, respectively. Ropivacaine increased the neuromuscular block produced by pancuronium. The complete antagonism with 4-aminopyridine suggests presynaptic action of ropivacaine.

Behaviour of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in an experimental model of toxic demyelination of the central nervous system

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are engaged in myelin production, maintenance and repairing respectively in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Whereas oligodendrocytes act only within the CNS, Schwann cells are able to invade the CNS in order to make new myelin sheaths around demyelinated axons. Both cells have some limitations in their activities, i.e. oligodendrocytes are post-mitotic cells and Schwann cells only get into the CNS in the absence of astrocytes. Ethidium bromide (EB) is a gliotoxic chemical that when injected locally within the CNS, induce demyelination. In the EB model of demyelination, glial cells are destroyed early after intoxication and Schwann cells are free to approach the naked central axons. In normal Wistar rats, regeneration of lost myelin sheaths can be achieved as early as thirteen days after intoxication; in Wistar rats immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide the process is delayed and in rats administered cyclosporine it may be accelerated. Aiming the enlightening of those complex processes, all events concerning the myelinating cells in an experimental model are herein presented and discussed.

Competição larval em Chrysomya megacephala (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae): efeitos de diferentes níveis de agregação larval sobre estimativas de peso, fecundidade e investimento reprodutivo

In insects that utilize patchy and ephemeral resources for feeding and egg laying, the outcome of larval competition for food resources depends on the amount of resources and the spatial distribution of immatures among patches of food. In the present study, the results of larval competition for food in Chrysomya megacephala, in traits such as female weight, fecundity and reproductive investment, were different in situations where the level of larval aggregation (proportion of competitors per amount of food) was the same, but with densities of competitors and amounts of food proportionally different. These results are indicative that the larval competition may depend both on the larval density and the amount of food, in different situations with the same proportion of larvae per gram of food.

Análise do investimento em climatização para bovinos de leite em sistema de alojamento free-stall

The difficulty in adapting European dairy cows breeds in Brazil affect considerably the milk production sector. Brazilian climatic conditions are not totally favorable and the development of new tecnologies is needed for the animals express their genetic potential, as well as their best feed conversion. An economical analysis of the applied investment in the free-stall climatization equipment in dairy housing, for estimating studies related to profit, possibility of return investment as well as time for this return is necessary. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of climatization investment in the milk production process and analyze the economical aspect of this investment. There were used 470 high productive dairy cows with genetic and morphologic homogeneous characteristics, and analyzed in two similar periods. Investment calculations were done using Excell®. The results were satisfactory and the invested capital was proved to return to the producer in a short term, 57 days.

Gases e ruídos em edificações para suínos: aplicação das normas NR-15, CIGR e ACGIH

Swine production represents an important segment of Brazilian economy, and the possibility of increasing production is eminent mainly if considered the low pork consumption when compared to other meat and the consumption of other countries. The increasing need in the international market demands show that in a near future the commercial barriers will be based on welfare, in the protection of the environment as well as in the worker's legislation. Little knowledge is available in the subject of worker's standards in the environmental agents in rural activities as well as the air quality under Brazilian conditions. The objectives of this research were to apply the main used standards related to noise and gases and to estimate occupational risk using measurements of noise level, hydrogen sulfide, methane and oxygen in swine housing, in piglet's nursery and finishing. The results showed that the continuous noise level were below the one found in the standards, however there were observed differences (P < 0.05) in relation to the noise level measured in piglet's nursing cages and in semi-slatted floor. The respective concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and methane were less than 1 ppm and less than 0,1% by volume, which was lower than the recommended limits in NR-15, CIGR and ACGIH. The oxygen level was 21% in average.

Identificação eletrônica para avaliação do comportamento dos suínos na fase de gestação

The efficiency of swine production performance depends on the herd administration, such as good nutrition, sanitary control, facilities and appropriate environmental conditions. The concept of this production model is directly related with the reduction of selective losses and the process control. Each production segment is controlled to reach the optimization in the system totality, it is necessary to apply animals handling concepts, environmental control implementation, diseases control, nutrition control, information concerning in guaranteeing the animal welfare and individual identification. The present work presents as objective the development of the mathematical model to evaluate interactions among the internal atmosphere of the installation and the thermal animals preference, in the expectation of detecting a relationship among the frequency access to the drinking fountain and the atmosphere conditions - temperature, black globe temperature and relative humidity, using as tool the electronic identification. The results obtained by the mathematical model, allowed to conclude accurately the evaluation of the swine thermal preference correlating with the climatic variables in the pregnancy stage.

Avaliação de tipos de ventilação em maternidade de suínos

Livestock facilities, where animals carry their productive cycle, must have as main characteristic, the control of influence over climatic factors on animals. The environment variations can be controlled through the use of different ventilation systems. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of different environment conditioning systems on swine nursery. Three treatments have been tested: natural ventilation, cooled ventilation and forced ventilation. The climatic parameters evaluated were: air temperature, relative humidity and black globe temperature. The physiological parameters analyzed were: respiratory frequency and back fat thickness. Number of born alive piglets, average weight at weaning and number of weaned piglets were also evaluated parameters. The use of cooled ventilation systems were able to decreased animal's air temperature and respiratory frequency, and the black globe temperature and humidity index (WBGT) and the radiating thermal load (RTL).

Avaliação do uso de identificadores eletrônicos em suínos

Nowadays the consumer market demands a gradually increase in the products' quality control. The manual control that exits, used in animal production, shows ineficiency in warrating an increasing percentual of the desirable quality, so this can only be reached when an effective animal tracebility system is applied, from birth to slaughter. Individual electronic identification presents high importance in this focus, providing information recorded directly from the animal. Electronic traceability uses electronic devices that emit a signal activated by a fixed reader placed where it is needed to record a certain event, or uses a manual reader which allows a higher independence of the operator. Knowing the importance of the electronic identification as a tool for applying traceability in animal production, this research had as objective to evaluate the use of transponders in order to garantee the manual reading as well as the fixed antenna reading. The following implant places were analized in piglet, just after their birth: 1) forehead, 2) external ear lobule, 3) the posterior auricular base, and 4) a transponder inserted in a earing implanted in the ear lobule. The factors of skin damage and migration were analized, as well as the reading efficiency. It was found that the best implant place was the posterior ear base.

Ambiência aérea em alojamento de frangos de corte: poeira e gases

Air quality in animal production environment has been refereed as an interesting point for studies in environmental control systems with the focus both to the animal health which live in total confinement, as to the workers. The objective of this research was to determine the variation on the aerial environmental quality in two types of broiler housing: conventional (Gc) and tunnel type (Gt). The total dust values in both houses offered adequate rearing conditions to the birds; however, regarding the inhale dust in the air was above the limits recommended for humans. Carbon monoxide concentration in the heating phase during the evaluated period was above the 10 ppm maximum recommended, and it was higher during the cold season in Gt house (30 ppm) when compared to the Gc house (18 ppm). Ammonia concentration peaks in the air were above the 20 ppm recommended from the 20th day of production in both houses and in daily average, for a period higher in Gt (4h30) when compared to Gt (2h45). Only traces of nitrate oxide and methane were found while carbonic dioxide gas concentration evaluated during daytime met the limits allowed for both birds and labor.

Uso de redes neurais artificiais na identificação de vocalização de suínos

Animal welfare has been an important research topic in animal production mainly in its ways of assessment. Vocalization is found to be an interesting tool for evaluating welfare as it provides data in a non-invasive way as well as it allows easy automation of process. The present research had as objective the implementation of an algorithm based on artificial neural network that had the potential of identifying vocalization related to welfare pattern indicatives. The research was done in two parts, the first was the development of the algorithm, and the second its validation with data from the field. Previous records allowed the development of the algorithm from behaviors observed in sows housed in farrowing cages. Matlab® software was used for implementing the network. It was selected a retropropagation gradient algorithm for training the network with the following stop criteria: maximum of 5,000 interactions or error quadratic addition smaller than 0.1. Validation was done with sows and piglets housed in commercial farm. Among the usual behaviors the ones that deserved enhancement were: the feed dispute at farrowing and the eventual risk of involuntary aggression between the piglets or between those and the sow. The algorithm was able to identify through the noise intensity the inherent risk situation of piglets welfare reduction.

Variabilidade espacial de atributos físicos de um argissolo vermelho-amarelo sob pastagem e vegetação secundária em regeneração natural

This work was carried out with the objective of studying the spatial variability of the physical attributes of a Red-Yellow Ultisol under pasture and secondary vegetation in natural regeneration. Two areas were chosen in a hillside, with the soil sampling to the depth of 0-0.2 m, with the georeferenced points in a regular grid of 10x10 m, totalizing 64 points. In each point it was evaluated the total volume of porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, bulk density, soil penetration resistance and soil water content. The studied attributes in the pasture area present indicator of soil compaction for the animals' traffic, with moderate and strong structure of spatial dependence, except for the macroporosity and penetration resistance. In the area of secondary vegetation (VN) only the macroporosity does not present spatial dependence. The total volume of porosity and the bulk density present the same spatial standard in the area under pasture.

Ambiências térmica, aérea e acústica para reprodutores suínos

The swine breeder rearing environment directly affects the animal's performance. This research had the objective of developing a thermal, aerial and acoustic environmental evaluation pattern for boar housing. The experiment was carried on a commercial swine farm in Salto County -SP, Brazil. Thermal, aerial and acoustic environment data of rearing conditions were registered. Data were statistically analyzed using as threshold the ideal housing environment that leads to animal welfare. Results showed that ambient temperature was around 70% beyond normal range, while air relative humidity, air speed and gases concentration were within threshold values. Noise level data besides being within normal range did not present large variation. In relation to the fuzzy logic analysis it was possible to build up a scenario which indicated that the best welfare indexes to male swine breeders happens when thermal comfort index are close to 80%, and noise level is lower than 40 dB. In the other hand the worst welfare index occur in the sector where the thermal comfort values are below 40% at the same time that the noise level is higher than 80 dB leading to inadequate conditions to the animal, and may directly interfere in the reproduction system performance.