Soft-core Stream Processor for Sliding Window Applications

Software-programmable `soft' processors have shown tremendous potential for efficient realisation of high performance signal processing operations on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), whilst lowering the design burden by avoiding the need to design fine-grained custom circuit archi-tectures. However, the complex data access patterns, high memory bandwidth and computational requirements of sliding window applications, such as Motion Estimation (ME) and Matrix Multiplication (MM), lead to low performance, inefficient soft processor realisations. This paper resolves this issue, showing how by adding support for block data addressing and accelerators for high performance loop execution, performance and resource efficiency over four times better than current best-in-class metrics can be achieved. In addition, it demonstrates the first recorded real-time soft ME estimation realisation for H.263 systems.

Soft-core Stream Processing on FPGA: An FFT Case Study

The increasing design complexity associated with modern Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) has prompted the emergence of 'soft'-programmable processors which attempt to replace at least part of the custom circuit design problem with a problem of programming parallel processors. Despite substantial advances in this technology, its performance and resource efficiency for computationally complex operations remains in doubt. In this paper we present the first recorded implementation of a softcore Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT) on Xilinx Virtex FPGA technology. By employing a streaming processing architecture, we show how it is possible to achieve architectures which offer 1.1 GSamples/s throughput and up to 19 times speed-up against the Xilinx Radix-2 FFT dedicated circuit with comparable cost.

The Portuguese continental shelf soft-bottom benthic habitats

As comunidades de macrofauna bentónica são ecológica e economicamente relevantes, sendo fonte de diversos bens e serviços. A sua identificação, caracterização e mapeamento são importantes para identificar áreas marinhas protegidas e para uma melhor utilização do ambiente marinho. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo holístico da diversidade e distribuição espacial das comunidades de macrofauna bentónica ao longo da plataforma continental Portuguesa. Cerca de 145 locais posicionados ao longo da plataforma ocidental e setentrional foram amostrados com uma draga Smith-McIntyre de área 0,1 m2, a profundidades que variaram entre os 13 e 195 metros. Os sedimentos foram caracterizados em termos de granulometria, de matéria orgânica e geoquímica. São propostos seis habitats bentónicos principais para a plataforma continental Portuguesa, analisada a relação entre os dados biológicos e ambientais e discutidas questões biogeográficas relacionadas com a distribuição espacial de espécies e das comunidades. A distribuição da granulometria e assinatura geoquímica dos sedimentos da plataforma continental revelou-se bastante complexa, refletindo importantes diferenças nas fontes (naturais e antropogénicas), origem fluvial, geomorfologia da plataforma, hidrodinamismo e atividade biológica. Relativamente à macrofauna, entre os mais de 30 mil indivíduos recolhidos, foram identificados cerca de 737 taxa, dos quais quatro são novas espécies e aproximadamente 40 correspondem a primeiras ocorrências para a costa Portuguesa. As espécies mais frequentes foram a Ampharete finmarchica, Ampelisca sp. e Lumbrineris lusitanica sp. nov. enquanto as mais abundantes foram Mediomastus fragilis, Polygordius appendiculatus e Ampharete finmarchica. A abundância por local de amostragem variou entre 7 e 1.307 espécimens e a diversidade alfa atingiu um máximo de 96 taxa. Os sedimentos mais grosseiros apresentaram maior diversidade e abundância comparativamente com os sedimentos envasados. Foram identificados seis habitats bentónicos na plataforma continental Portuguesa: (a) sedimentos grosseiros com Protodorvillea kefersteini, Pisione remota, Angulus pygmaeus e várias espécies intersticiais; (b) areias finas hidrodinamicamente expostas e próximas da linha de costa com Magelona johnstoni, Urothoe pulchella e Angulus fabula; (c) comunidade de Abra alba em areia envasadas da plataforma profunda do noroeste; (d) Galathowenia oculata, Lumbrinerides amoureuxi e outros poliquetas escavadores e tubícolas em areais envasadas muito profundas na plataforma sudoeste; (e) Euchone rubrocincta, Nematonereis unicornis e várias espécies setentrionais nas areias envasadas da plataforma sul; (f) vasas com Sternaspis scutata, Heteromastus filiformis e Psammogammarus caecus. A granulometria do sedimento (particularmente teor em finos), matéria orgânica, profundidade e hidrodinamismo foram as variáveis ambientais com a maior relação com os padrões de distribuição da macrofauna. As espécies cosmopolitas e de latitudes superiores (clima Boreal ou Temperado Frio) dominaram o setor noroeste, sendo substituídas por espécies mais quentes na área de transição entre os canhões da Nazaré e S. Vicente, que dominaram por conseguinte a plataforma sul. O presente estudo evidenciou a abundância e diversidade da macrofauna bentónica ao longo da área costeira de Portugal, na qual coexistem faunas das províncias biogeográficas do norte da Europa, bem como subtropicais. Integrado com outro estudos, este poderá ser a base para uma melhor gestão da plataforma continental Portuguesa.

Soft-computing techniques applied to artificial tissue temperature estimation

Tese dout., Engenharia electrónica e computação - Processamento de sinal, Universidade do Algarve, 2008

A soft-computing approach for non-invasive temperature estimation

The domain of thermal therapies applications can be improved with the development of accurate non-invasive timespatial temperature models. These models should represent the non-linear tissue thermal behaviour and be capable of tracking temperature at both time-instant and spatial position. If such estimators exist then efficient controllers for the therapeutic instrumentation could be developed, and the desired safety and effectiveness reached.

Métodos de soft computing para la estimación no invasiva de la temperatura en medios multicapa empleando ultrasonido retrodisperso

La seguridad y eficacia de las terapias térmicas están ligadas con la determinación exacta de la temperatura, es por ello que la retroalimentacón de la temperatura en los métodos computacionales es de vital importancia.

Linking Research and Teaching: an Applied Soft Systems Methodology Case Study

This paper links research and teaching through an applied Soft Systems Methodology case study. The case study focuses on the redevelopment of a Research and Professional Skills module to provide support for international postgraduate students through the use of formative feedback with the aim of increasing academic research skills and confidence. The stages of the Soft Systems Methodology were used as a structure for the redevelopment of module content and assessment. It proved to be a valuable tool for identifying complex issues, a basis for discussion and debate from which an enhanced understanding was gained and a successful solution implemented together with a case study that could be utilised for teaching Soft Systems Methodology concepts. Changes to the module were very successful and resulted in significantly higher grades and a higher pass rate.

Children's television: the soft underbelly of public service broadcasting

The provision of children's content should be a key constituent of the public service brand, but has often been viewed as a programme category at risk. Certainly in many countries children's television has moved from the 'scarcity' associated with terrestrial provision, to the 'plenty' of digital (see Ellis 2000). However in spite of a range of dedicated public service children's channels in Europe (CBeebies, Kika, Z@ppelin), domestically produced children's television in Europe is notoriously under-resourced if not marginalised. There is a pronounced reliance on imports (particularly on commercial television) notwithstanding the launch by US-owned multinationals (Disney, Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network) of localised versions of their children's television channels in many European countries. Within the broader context of global developments in children's media, this paper starts by outlining the recent and rapid crisis in British children's television and the factors that caused it. This was a crisis, which caught broadcasters and producers by surprise in the middle of 2006, but reflects many of the challenges faced by the children's television sector in other countries. It clearly demonstrated how a combination of the lack of regulatory protection, a change in commercial priorities among broadcasters, advertising restrictions, budgetary pressures and the competitive environment at home and abroad all combined to reinforce the trend towards a contraction of domestic production. The crisis also served to underline the dominance of the BBC - both as a representative of public service principles, and as the dominant producer and commissioner in the market. With the reasons underpinning the crisis explained, the paper will then analyse how the children's television community responded to the crisis and with what effect. Based on interviews, contemporary accounts and documentary evidence the paper will chart the converging and diverging views of broadcasters, producers, regulatory authority Ofcom, and a range of advocacy groups which represent children's interests and the industry. What arguments were elaborated in favour of protecting children's television as an integral part of the public service media brand? Can lessons be learned about how best to ensure the origination of children's media within a public service environment? Can developments in the UK be used to provide insight into how children's media might develop further?

Increasing the speed of parallel decoding of turbo codes

Turbo codes experience a significant decoding delay because of the iterative nature of the decoding algorithms, the high number of metric computations and the complexity added by the (de)interleaver. The extrinsic information is exchanged sequentially between two Soft-Input Soft-Output (SISO) decoders. Instead of this sequential process, a received frame can be divided into smaller windows to be processed in parallel. In this paper, a novel parallel processing methodology is proposed based on the previous parallel decoding techniques. A novel Contention-Free (CF) interleaver is proposed as part of the decoding architecture which allows using extrinsic Log-Likelihood Ratios (LLRs) immediately as a-priori LLRs to start the second half of the iterative turbo decoding. The simulation case studies performed in this paper show that our parallel decoding method can provide %80 time saving compared to the standard decoding and %30 time saving compared to the previous parallel decoding methods at the expense of 0.3 dB Bit Error Rate (BER) performance degradation.

Citrate selective electrodes for the flow injection analysis of soft drinks, beers and pharmaceutical products

Aiming the establishment of simple and accurate readings of citric acid (CA) in complex samples, citrate (CIT) selective electrodes with tubular configuration and polymeric membranes plus a quaternary ammonium ion exchanger were constructed. Several selective membranes were prepared for this purpose, having distinct mediator solvents (with quite different polarities) and, in some cases, p-tert-octylphenol (TOP) as additive. The latter was used regarding a possible increase in selectivity. The general working characteristics of all prepared electrodes were evaluated in a low dispersion flow injection analysis (FIA) manifold by injecting 500µl of citrate standard solutions into an ionic strength (IS) adjuster carrier (10−2 mol l−1) flowing at 3ml min−1. Good potentiometric response, with an average slope and a repeatability of 61.9mV per decade and ±0.8%, respectively, resulted from selective membranes comprising additive and bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate (bEHS) as mediator solvent. The same membranes conducted as well to the best selectivity characteristics, assessed by the separated solutions method and for several chemical species, such as chloride, nitrate, ascorbate, glucose, fructose and sucrose. Pharmaceutical preparations, soft drinks and beers were analyzed under conditions that enabled simultaneous pH and ionic strength adjustment (pH = 3.2; ionic strength = 10−2 mol l−1), and the attained results agreed well with the used reference method (relative error < 4%). The above experimental conditions promoted a significant increase in sensitivity of the potentiometric response, with a supra-Nernstian slope of 80.2mV per decade, and allowed the analysis of about 90 samples per hour, with a relative standard deviation <1.0%.

Convex optimization framework for intermediate deadline assignment in soft and hard real-time distributed systems

It is generally challenging to determine end-to-end delays of applications for maximizing the aggregate system utility subject to timing constraints. Many practical approaches suggest the use of intermediate deadline of tasks in order to control and upper-bound their end-to-end delays. This paper proposes a unified framework for different time-sensitive, global optimization problems, and solves them in a distributed manner using Lagrangian duality. The framework uses global viewpoints to assign intermediate deadlines, taking resource contention among tasks into consideration. For soft real-time tasks, the proposed framework effectively addresses the deadline assignment problem while maximizing the aggregate quality of service. For hard real-time tasks, we show that existing heuristic solutions to the deadline assignment problem can be incorporated into the proposed framework, enriching their mathematical interpretation.

Estrutura de financiamento das empresas start-up

Atualmente, o contexto de atuação das empresas tem sido cada vez mais desafiante dado o binómio de competitividade e crise financeira. Desta forma, a exploração de novas soluções e identificação de lacunas ou desequilíbrios no mercado torna-se imperial para o desenvolvimento das novas entidades. É com base nesta premissa que emerge o conceito de Start-Up, sendo o seu propósito o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e modelos de negócios inovadores. Como resultado, estas empresas tornam-se num elemento revitalizador do tecido económico dos países em que estão inseridas. De forma a possibilitar a potenciação das atividades desenvolvidas por estas entidades é crucial a identificação das diversas fontes de recursos financeiros e as consequentes contrapartidas exigidas. No entanto, dado o seu caráter inovador obviamente que vários são os riscos lhes estão associados, pelo que estas empresas deparam-se com mais dificuldades no momento de acesso aos recursos financeiros que pretendem. Desta forma, a presente dissertação analisa as tendências de financiamento das Start-Up tendo como motivação o facto desta temática ainda não se encontrar devidamente explorada e dado o desconhecimento desta realidade em Portugal. Neste sentido, e aliando a problemática existente com a motivação para a concretização da presente dissertação foram realizados um conjunto de inquéritos os quais foram aliados com o desenvolvimento de modelos empíricos multivariados aplicados aos dados seccionais e em painel. Os resultados alcançados com a investigação empírica permitiram concluir a influência de um conjunto de variáveis bem como justificar a orientação e estrutura de financiamento das Start-Up portuguesas. Das variáveis investigadas de ressalvar a influência significativa da Dimensão da Empresa, Estrutura de Ativos e Forma Legal no financiamento das Start-Up nacionais.

Insights into cell wall synthesis and cell division in Staphylococcus aureus

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology

Soft tissue sarcomas with complex genomic profiles.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) with complex genomic profiles (50% of all STS) are predominantly composed of spindle cell/pleomorphic sarcomas, including leiomyosarcoma, myxofibrosarcoma, pleomorphic liposarcoma, pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, angiosarcoma, extraskeletal osteosarcoma, and spindle cell/pleomorphic unclassified sarcoma (previously called spindle cell/pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma). These neoplasms show, characteristically, gains and losses of numerous chromosomes or chromosome regions, as well as amplifications. Many of them share recurrent aberrations (e.g., gain of 5p13-p15) that seem to play a significant role in tumor progression and/or metastatic dissemination. In this paper, we review the cytogenetic, molecular genetic, and clinicopathologic characteristics of the most common STS displaying complex genomic profiles. Features of diagnostic or prognostic relevance will be discussed when needed.