An investigation into using off-site production in housing construction for the sustainable built environment in China.

Zhai Xiaolin undertook a study of off-site construction in China's housing construction industry during her past four years PhD study. Her research provides an original thinking of embracing offsite construction as a method to help China's construction industry towards a more sustainable built environment. Also her research findings provide possible implications for other developing countries that are also seeking to identify and overcome sustainable crisis in construction industry.

Web-based alcohol intervention for Māori university students: double-blind, multi-site randomized controlled trial

AIMS: Like many indigenous peoples, New Zealand Māori bear a heavy burden of alcohol-related harm relative to their non-indigenous compatriots, and disparities are greatest among young adults. We tested the effectiveness of web-based alcohol screening and brief intervention (e-SBI) for reducing hazardous drinking among Māori university students. DESIGN: Parallel, double-blind, multi-site, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Seven of New Zealand's eight universities. PARTICIPANTS: In April 2010, we sent e-mail invitations to all 6697 17-24-year-old Māori students to complete a brief web questionnaire including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)-C, a screening tool for hazardous and harmful drinking. Those screening positive were computer randomized to: <10 minutes of web-based alcohol assessment and personalized feedback (intervention) or screening alone (control). MEASUREMENTS: We conducted a fully automated 5-month follow-up assessment with observers and participants blinded to study hypotheses, design and intervention delivery. Pre-determined primary outcomes were: (i) frequency of drinking, (ii) amount consumed per typical drinking occasion, (iii) overall volume of alcohol consumed and (iv) academic problems. FINDINGS: Of the participants, 1789 were hazardous or harmful drinkers (AUDIT-C ≥ 4) and were randomized: 850 to control, 939 to intervention. Follow-up assessments were completed by 682 controls (80%) and 733 intervention group members (78%). Relative to controls, participants receiving intervention drank less often [RR = 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82-0.97], less per drinking occasion (RR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.84-1.00), less overall (RR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69-0.89) and had fewer academic problems (RR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.69-0.95). CONCLUSIONS: Web-based screening and brief intervention reduced hazardous and harmful drinking among non-help-seeking Māori students in a large-scale pragmatic trial. The study has wider implications for behavioural intervention in the important but neglected area of indigenous health.

Avoiding competition? Site use, diet and foraging behaviours in two similarly sized geese wintering in China

Competition may occur when two species with similar feeding ecologies exploit the same limited resources in time and space. In recent years, the Eastern Tundra Bean Goose Anser fabalis serrirostris and Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons frontalis have increased in wintering numbers at Shengjin Lake, China. To examine the potential for coexistence and possible avoidance strategies, we studied (1) their habitat use, (2) foraging behaviours and (3) diets of birds foraging in mixed- and single-species flocks. Both species extensively exploited sedge meadows, where they showed considerable overlap in spatial distribution and diet. The percentage feeding time and diet of both species were unaffected by the presence of the other. Greater White-fronted Geese appeared diurnal sedge meadow specialists, almost never feeding in other habitats. Eastern Tundra Bean Geese were less selective, exploiting other habitats, which they increasingly exploited at night in mid-winter. The use of alternative habitats and night feeding may have avoided interspecific competition. While the specialised feeding ecology of Greater White-fronted Geese may make them particularly vulnerable to loss of sedge meadow habitat, Eastern Tundra Bean Geese may be able to adjust because of their use of alternative habitats and a less restricted diet.

Perspectives of clinical handover processes: a multi-site survey across different health professionals

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To examine the perspectives of health professionals of different disciplines about clinical handover. BACKGROUND: Ineffective handovers can cause major problems relating to the lack of delivery of appropriate care. DESIGN: A prospective, cross-sectional design was conducted using a survey about clinical handover practices. METHODS: Health professionals employed in public metropolitan hospitals, public rural hospitals and community health centres were involved. The sample comprised doctors, nurses and allied health professionals, including physiotherapists, social workers, pharmacists, dieticians and midwives employed in Western Australia, New South Wales, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory. The survey sought information about health professionals' experiences about clinical handover; their perceived effectiveness of clinical handover; involvement of patients and family members; health professionals' ability to confirm understanding and to clarify clinical information; role modelling behaviour of health professionals; training needs; adverse events encountered and possibilities for improvements. RESULTS: In all, 707 health professionals participated (response rate = 14%). Represented professions were nursing (60%), medicine (22%) and allied health (18%). Many health professionals reported being aware of adverse events where they noticed poor handover was a significant cause. Differences existed between health professions in terms of how effectively they gave handover, perceived effectiveness of bedside handover vs. nonbedside handover, patient and family involvement in handover, respondents' confirmation of understanding handover from their perspective, their observation of senior health professionals giving feedback to junior health professionals, awareness of adverse events and severity of adverse events relating to poor handovers. CONCLUSIONS: Complex barriers impeded the conduct of effective handovers, including insufficient opportunities for training, lack of role modelling, and lack of confidence and understanding about handover processes. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Greater focus should be placed on creating opportunities for senior health professionals to act as role models. Sophisticated approaches should be implemented in training and education.

Variation at the DRD4 locus is associated with wariness and local site selection in urban black swans

 BACKGROUND: Interactions between wildlife and humans are increasing. Urban animals are often less wary of humans than their non-urban counterparts, which could be explained by habituation, adaptation or local site selection. Under local site selection, individuals that are less tolerant of humans are less likely to settle in urban areas. However, there is little evidence for such temperament-based site selection, and even less is known about its underlying genetic basis. We tested whether site selection in urban and non-urban habitats by black swans (Cygnus atratus) was associated with polymorphisms in two genes linked to fear in animals, the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and serotonin transporter (SERT) genes.

RESULTS: Wariness in swans was highly repeatable between disturbance events (repeatability = 0.61) and non-urban swans initiated escape from humans earlier than urban swans. We found no inter-individual variation in the SERT gene, but identified five DRD4 genotypes and an association between DRD4 genotype and wariness. Individuals possessing the most common DRD4 genotype were less wary than individuals possessing rarer genotypes. As predicted by the local site selection hypothesis, genotypes associated with wary behaviour were over three times more frequent at the non-urban site. This resulted in moderate population differentiation at DRD4 (FST = 0.080), despite the sites being separated by only 30 km, a short distance for this highly-mobile species. Low population differentiation at neutrally-selected microsatellite loci and the likely occasional migration of swans between the populations reduces the likelihood of local site adaptations.

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that wariness in swans is partly genetically-determined and that wary swans settle in less-disturbed areas. More generally, our findings suggest that site-specific management strategies may be necessary that consider the temperament of local animals.

Effects of the fire regime on mammal occurrence after wildfire: site effects vs landscape context in fire-prone forests

Wildfires have major impacts on ecosystems globally. Fire regimes (including fire frequency, intensity, season and type of fire) influence the status of species by altering habitat suitability at the site scale, and by creating heterogeneity at the landscape scale. The relative effects of site and landscape-scale fire attributes on animal species are rarely examined together. Such knowledge is important, given that fire regimes are sensitive to changing land management practices; and that fires are predicted to become larger and more frequent in some regions as a result of climate change. Here, we tested the relative influence of elements of the fire regime (fire severity, fire history) at the site-scale, and the landscape context (extent of surrounding unburnt forest, fire heterogeneity) on the occurrence of native terrestrial mammals after severe wildfire in south-eastern Australia. We conducted surveys by using automatically triggered, infrared cameras at 80 sites in fire-prone eucalypt forests, 2-3. years post-wildfire. Thirteen native mammal species were recorded, eight of which were detected with sufficient frequency for analysis. Most species were widespread (35-90% of sites) and recorded in all fire severity classes. Fire effects at the site-level were more influential than landscape context effects arising from heterogeneity in the fire regime (e.g. extent of surrounding unburnt forest). Fire severity was the most influential of the fire-regime elements investigated, but it affected different species in different ways. This study highlights three main points relevant to conservation of terrestrial mammals after wildfire. First, spatial variation in fire severity associated with wildfire (ranging from unburned to severely burned stands) is an important contributor to the post-fire status of species. Second, post-fire environmental conditions are significant: here, rapid regeneration of vegetation following drought-breaking rains greatly influenced the suitability of post-fire habitats. Third, it is valuable to consider the effects of the fire regime at multiple scales, including both the site (forest stand) and its landscape context. Insights from short-term surveys, such as this, will be enhanced by complementary longitudinal studies, especially where they encompass environmental variation through the post-fire succession.

Structural health monitoring: a practical approach to achieving in-situ and site-specific warning of pipeline corrosion and coating failure

An approach to achieving the ambitious goal of cost effectively extending the safe operation life of energy pipelines to, for instance, 100 years is the application of structural health monitoring and life prediction tools that are able to provide long-term remnant pipeline life prediction and in-situ pipeline condition monitoring. A critical step in pipeline structural health monitoring is the enhancement of technological capabilities that are required for quantifying the effects of key factors influencing buried pipeline corrosion and environmentally assisted materials degradation, and the development of condition monitoring technologies that are able to provide in-situ monitoring and site-specific warning of pipeline damage. This paper provides an overview of our current research aimed at developing new sensors for monitoring, categorising and quantifying the level and nature of external pipeline and coating damages under the combined effects of various inter-related variables and processes such as localised corrosion, coating damage and disbondment, cathodic shielding. The concept of in-situ monitoring and site-specific warning of pipeline corrosion is illustrated by a case of monitoring localised corrosion under disbonded coatings using a new corrosion monitoring probe. A basic principle that underpins the use of sensors to monitor localised corrosion has been presented: Localised corrosion and coating failure are not an accidental occurrence, it occurs as the result of fundamental thermodynamic instability of a metal exposed to a specific environment. Therefore corrosion and coating disbondment occurring on a pipeline will also occur on a sensor made of the same material and exposed to the same pipeline condition. Although the exact location of localised corrosion or coating disbondment could be difficult to pinpoint along the length of a buried pipeline, the ‘worst-case scenario’ and high risk pipeline sections and sites are predictable. Sensors can be embedded at these strategic sites to collect data that contain ‘predictor features’ signifying the occurrence of localised corrosion, CP failure, coating disbondment and degradation. Information from these sensors will enable pipeline owners to prioritise site survey and inspection operations, and to develop maintenance strategy to manage aged pipelines, rather than replace them.

O site de redes sociais Facebook como espaço da comunicação organizacional

Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Mestrado em Comunicação da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul - USCS

Comunicação organizacional aplicada no ambiente do site de redes sociais facebook

O objeto de estudo da pesquisa abrange as manifestações comunicacionais de organizações em perfis corporativos no Facebook. Seu objetivo é investigar a utilização do site como mecanismo de comunicação organizacional. De natureza exploratória, utiliza a pesquisa documental nos perfis da Nike, Skol e Gol e, por meio da análise de conteúdo, identifica e classifica textos postados pelas organizações. Os resultados apontaram o predomínio de propósitos mercadológicos e institucionais. Contudo, certas mensagens demonstraram a intenção das empresas em estabelecer diálogos com usuários por meio do “conteúdo relacional”.

O efeito da implementação de um site sobre os preços das ações das empresas brasileiras negociadas na BOVESPA

Os avanços nas Tecnologias de Informação, em especial a Internet, e a sua aplicação para fins comerciais, trouxe transformações para as empresas, no que se refere ao relacionamento com clientes, fornecedores e parceiros, e ao seu ambiente interno. A forma mais elementar que evidencia a conexão das empresas com essa tecnologia é a presença na rede, através de um site1. Este trabalho explora o papel da implementação de um site de uma S.A. na explicação da variação dos preços das suas ações no mercado de capitais brasileiro. O presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar se o mercado precifica a iniciativa das empresas em ingressarem no mundo virtual através da criação de um site próprio. Para uma amostra de 36 empresas brasileiras de capital aberto com ações negociadas em bolsa de valores, verificou-se, através de um estudo de evento, que a implementação do site de uma S.A. não afetou o preço de suas ações na data do evento e ao redor desta, para um período de doze meses, o que implica a aceitação da hipótese nula. Entretanto, quando realizada a segmentação da amostra por ano de lançamento do site2 e por versão do lançamento3, os resultados diferenciam-se daqueles da análise da amostra completa. Com relação aos resultados provenientes da segmentação por ano de lançamento, foram encontrados retornos anormais negativos significativos ao nível de 10% para o ano de 1995, retornos positivos significativos ao nível de 5% para o ano de 1997 e retornos positivos significativos ao nível de 10% para o ano de 2000. Para os demais anos, não foram encontrados retornos anormais significativos. Quanto aos resultados da segmentação por versão implementada, a primeira versão do site para estas empresas não resultou na existência de retornos anormais significativos, o que implica a aceitação da hipótese nula. Para as empresas cuja implementação da 2° versão foi analisada, observou-se a existência de retornos anormais negativos ao nível de significância de 10% na data +1, correspondente mês um da janela do evento.

Webjornalismo, velocidade e precisão : o caso do site "UOL Eleições 2002"

A prática do jornalismo é afetada, desde o início, pelo aumento da velocidade de produção e veiculação das informações. O fenômeno se aprofunda com a introdução da Internet em escala comercial e a implantação dos webjornais no final do século XX. Esta pesquisa observa a relação entre velocidade e precisão no webjornalismo, tomando como objeto empírico o site UOL Eleições 2002. Fazemos o mapeamento dos erros cometidos entre 02 e 07 de outubro de 2002, período de grande relevância por ser o final do primeiro turno das eleições presidenciais no Brasil. Os erros, classificados como ruídos de linguagem e imprecisão jornalística, embora variáveis na escala de gravidade, comprometem a qualidade da informação e, conseqüentemente, o eixo de sustentação da credibilidade do jornalismo.

Atributos favoráveis à motivação para visitação de um site : estudo de um portal educacional

Esta pesquisa tem como foco principal os atributos favoráveis à motivação de uso de um site, especificamente um portal educacional. Concentra-se no levantamento de atributos usuais para a construção de sites na Internet, sendo primeiramente levantados em bibliografias e, paralelamente, junto a profissionais responsáveis pela construção de um portal educacional para o mercado brasileiro. Com a definição dos atributos mais importantes, buscou-se a constatação de seu uso em três portais educacionais, dois deles concorrentes ao portal estudado, por meio do uso da ferramenta de benchmarking. Com os dados sobre os atributos, partiu-se para a fase de avaliação de tais atributos com usuários finais de um portal educacional, para a verificação se tais atributos eram relevantes na busca e uso de tal site. A pesquisa concentrou-se em um grupo fechado de respondentes, por serem efetivos usuários do portal educacional e poderem, com suas respostas, colaborar de forma significativa para o avanço da pesquisa. Os resultados obtidos revelam importantes considerações sobre a construção de sites – especificamente portais educacionais – mas por serem atributos gerais podem formar uma base para analise de outros sites em construção.

Território gaúcho na internet : uma análise do debate sobre separatismo gaúcho realizado pela comunidade de internautas do site Galpão Virtual

A pesquisa aborda o surgimento paradoxal de uma discussão na Internet sobre o separatismo gaúcho. O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a importância do território gaúcho para a comunidade de internautas do site Galpão Virtual (www.galpaovirtual.com.br), a partir das mensagens enviadas ao seu livro de visitas, intitulado Tchê-mail. Assim, fez-se necessário averiguar a existência de uma comunidade virtual nesta seção, bem como analisar a forma como a temática separatista do Rio Grande do Sul surge no debate. Para tanto, das 3123 mensagens publicadas durante o universo de 2001 a 2004, foram selecionadas como amostra as 199 datadas de setembro de 2003, observadas a partir de enfoque qualitativo, priorizando a descrição e a interpretação dos dados, com o posicionamento passivo da pesquisadora. Como resultado do estudo, constata-se que há de fato uma comunidade virtual no Tchê-mail e que a temática ali debatida não só comprova que o território-zona e o território-rede se completam, como também fortalece os aspectos simbólico-culturais gaúchos.

Ferramenta Mosaico Orçamentário permite acompanhar gasto público no site do Valor

Em parceria inédita com a Diretoria de Análises de Políticas Públicas (Dapp) da Fundação Getulio Vargas, o Valor está lançando uma nova ferramenta para acompanhar os gastos do governo. O Mosaico Orçamentário, que pode ser acessado no portal Valor, dentro da Categoria Brasil, permite visualizar, de forma amigável, a execução orçamentária da União por tipo de gasto e por órgão, desde 2001, segregando parcelas obrigatórias e discricionárias dos gastos.