m-Todos, tendencias y oportunidades de la movilidad digital

La difusión de la tercera generación de dispositivos móviles y su integración con la World Wide Web son un reto para los medios de comunicación. Como en cualquier otro ecosistema, la llegada de una "nueva especie" crea tensión, antiguas especies deben adaptarse a las nuevas especies híbridas y al ambiente (como la televisión móvil) en que aparecen. La comunicación móvil presenta el mismo reto que presentó Internet hace 15 años: tenemos el medio de comunicación, pero aún no sabemos qué hacer con … [+]él. Si la web ya ha desarrollado su propia lengua y se han creado nuevos servicios y experiencias, la comunicación móvil se encuentra todavía "en construcción". La importancia de la comunicación móvil está fuera de discusión: los dispositivos móviles y los servicios son la nueva frontera de la revolución digital. En este contexto, la investigación ocupa un lugar estratégico: tanto en Brasil como en España se están haciendo contribuciones fundamentales a la sociedad móvil y se están desarrollando nuevos contenidos y servicios para dispositivos móviles.

Reversed phase HPLC determination of tamoxifen in dog plasma and its pharmaco-kinetics after a single oral dose administration

The analytical method developed to evaluate tamoxifen in dog plasma samples was precise, accurate, robust and linear in the range of 5-200 ng/mL. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.981 ng/mL and 2.97 ng/mL, respectively. Besides, the intra-day precision and accuracy variations were 8.78 and 10.16%, respectively. Tamoxifen concentrations were analyzed by combined reversed phase liquid chromatography and UV detection (lambda=280 nm). The study was conducted using an open randomized 2-period crossover balanced design with a 1-week washout period between the doses. This simple, rapid and selective method is suitable for pharmacokinetic, bioavailability and bioequivalence studies.

Líquido iônico [bmim.PF6] como solvente: um meio conveniente para estudos por fotólise por pulso de laser

The spectroscopic behavior of thioxanthone and benzil (diphenylethanedione or dibenzoyl) in the ionic liquid [bmim.PF6] has been investigated employing the laser flash photolysis technique. Triplet-triplet absorption spectra for these carbonyl compounds in [bmim.PF6] are similar to those observed in organic solvents. The triplet lifetime for thioxanthone in desogygenated samples is very long (71 μs), whereas in oxygen-saturated solution is 500 ns, which indicates the low oxygen solubility in this solvent. For benzil, lifetimes of 10 μs in [bmim.PF6] and 3.8 μs in acetonitrile were obtained. The decay for triplet thioxanthone and benzil follows a clear first order kinetics in [bmim.PF6], from which one can conclude that triplet-triplet annihilation is not an important decay process in this solvent.

Determinação da constante de velocidade absoluta para a reação de abstração de hidrogênio fenólico pelo estado excitado triplete de xantona em acetonitrila e no líquido iônico hexafluorfosfato de 1-butil-3-metil-imidazólio [bmim.PF6]

The triplet excited state of xanthone was generated and characterized by laser flash photolysis in acetonitrile (λmax=620 nm; t=1.8 ms) and in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [bmim.PF6] (λmax=620 nm; t=3.0 ms). It reacts with phenols yielding the corresponding xanthone ketyl radical. Stern-Volmer plots for the reaction of triplet xanthone with phenols led to the determination of absolute rate constants for phenolic hydrogen abstraction in the order of ~10(9) Lmol-1s-1 in acetonitrile and ~10(8) Lmol-1s-1 in [bmim.PF6]. The lower diffusioncontrolled rate constant for [bmim.PF6] is responsible for the difference in the phenolic hydrogen abstraction rate constants in this solvent.

Semioquímicos de moscas das frutas do gênero Anastrepha

Volatile compounds involved in the chemical communication of fruit flies have been studied for some years; however, their complete elucidation has not yet been reported. Tephritids, which belong to the Anastrepha genus, exhibit inter- and intraspecific changes regarding the chemical composition of their sex pheromones, as well as an evident relationship with the volatiles produced by their hosts. This paper reports advances in the elucidation of the chemical communication of Anastrepha species that involve sex pheromones, cuticular hydrocarbons, and the interaction between the fruit host volatiles and compounds released by the male flies.

Kaivattu tutkimus keskeisestä naisekumeenikosta

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Potencialidade da casca de caranguejo na redução da incidência de fusariose e na promoção do crescimento de mudas de pimenteira-do-reino

A casca de caranguejo-do-mangue (Ucides cordatus) foi testada como aditivo ao solo para reduzir a incidência de fusariose (Fusarium solani f.sp. piperis) e para promover o crescimento de mudas de pimenteira-do-reino (Piper nigrum). A pré-incubação da casca de caranguejo no solo (1,0% m/m; 15 dias) antes do transplantio aumentou em 20% a sobrevivência da pimenteira-do-reino, cultivada em solo infestado com Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, durante 90 dias. A produção de massa seca das plantas aumentou na presença de casca de caranguejo, independente da concentração e do tempo de incubação no solo. As plantas alocaram biomassa preferencialmente para a parte aérea, na presença de casca de caranguejo. A taxa de fotossíntese líquida das plantas tendeu a aumentar ou permaneceu inalterada na presença de casca de caranguejo. Conclui-se que a casca de caranguejo tem potencial para auxiliar na redução da incidência de fusariose e no desenvolvimento de mudas de pimenteira-do-reino.

Determinação e distribuição de ácido ascórbico em três frutos tropicais

O método clássico iodimétrico foi utilizado para determinação de ácido ascórbico (AA) nos frutos araçá (Eugenia sp.), acerola (Malphigia sp.) e laranja (Citrus sinenses). Os frutos coletados foram classificados como verdes, verde- amarelados ou amarelos conforme a cor superficial. Os frutos foram levados ao laboratório e resfriados para minimizar a oxidação de AA. Os teores determinados de AA para o araçá evidenciaram que há uma gradiente de concentração entre as partes superior e inferior dos frutos, sendo a concentração em C2 (concentração de ácido ascórbico na parte inferior do fruto) sempre maior que a concentração em C1 (concentração de ácido ascórbico na parte superior do fruto ligada ao pedúnculo). Comportamento semelhante também foi observado para acerolas e laranjas, que apresentaram uma concentração média na parte superior de 17,7 mg g-1 e 0,612 mg L-1 e na parte inferior 19,6 mg g-1 e 0,665 mg L-1, respectivamente. Pelos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que os três frutos apresentam uma distribuição heterogênea de AA e essa variação é mais pronunciada para frutos verdes, i.e. frutos menos adequados para consumo.

Etiology and epidemiology of Pythium root rot in hydroponic crops: current knowledge and perspectives

The etiology and epidemiology of Pythium root rot in hydroponically-grown crops are reviewed with emphasis on knowledge and concepts considered important for managing the disease in commercial greenhouses. Pythium root rot continually threatens the productivity of numerous kinds of crops in hydroponic systems around the world including cucumber, tomato, sweet pepper, spinach, lettuce, nasturtium, arugula, rose, and chrysanthemum. Principal causal agents include Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium dissotocum, members of Pythium group F, and Pythium ultimum var. ultimum. Perspectives are given of sources of initial inoculum of Pythium spp. in hydroponic systems, of infection and colonization of roots by the pathogens, symptom development and inoculum production in host roots, and inoculum dispersal in nutrient solutions. Recent findings that a specific elicitor produced by P. aphanidermatum may trigger necrosis (browning) of the roots and the transition from biotrophic to necrotrophic infection are considered. Effects on root rot epidemics of host factors (disease susceptibility, phenological growth stage, root exudates and phenolic substances), the root environment (rooting media, concentrations of dissolved oxygen and phenolic substances in the nutrient solution, microbial communities and temperature) and human interferences (cropping practices and control measures) are reviewed. Recent findings on predisposition of roots to Pythium attack by environmental stress factors are highlighted. The commonly minor impact on epidemics of measures to disinfest nutrient solution as it recirculates outside the crop is contrasted with the impact of treatments that suppress Pythium in the roots and root zone of the crop. New discoveries that infection of roots by P. aphanidermatum markedly slows the increase in leaf area and whole-plant carbon gain without significant effect on the efficiency of photosynthesis per unit area of leaf are noted. The platform of knowledge and understanding of the etiology and epidemiology of root rot, and its effects on the physiology of the whole plant, are discussed in relation to new research directions and development of better practices to manage the disease in hydroponic crops. Focus is on methods and technologies for tracking Pythium and root rot, and on developing, integrating, and optimizing treatments to suppress the pathogen in the root zone and progress of root rot.

Characterization of Citrus tristeza virus isolates from grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) accessions of Citrus Active Germplasm Bank

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) isolates from 35 grapefruit accessions belonging to Citrus Active Germplasm Bank of the "Instituto Agronômico de Campinas" located at the "Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira", Cordeirópolis, São Paulo state, Brazil, were characterized and evaluated through symptoms in the trees, biological indexing, immunological diagnosis with different monoclonal antibodies and SSCP analysis (single-strand conformation polymorphism) of the coat protein gene. Symptomatology indicated that, in general, the group of plants with smaller canopy volume and severe stem pitting differed significantly from the group that presented greater vegetative development and mild to moderate stem pitting. However, the isolates from most of the accessions induced mild reaction on Mexican lime. The serological evaluation through the DAS-ELISA using monoclonal antibodies did not reveal any association between virus titer in the plant tissue and symptoms. The reaction with different monoclonal antibodies and the distinct electrophoresis patterns obtained through SSCP showed that there is a high degree of diversity among the isolates that infect these grapefruit accessions. High complexity within the same isolate was also observed in the SSCP profiles. This finding indicates that the CTV isolates from these plants are a complex mixture of CTV haplotypes. Similar SSCP banding patterns were observed among some plants with strong stem pitting symptoms, and among some plants with weak or moderate stem pitting symptoms.