Às portas de Lisboa. O Palacete de J.M. Eugénio de Almeida em São Sebastião

O lugar do palácio de José Maria Eugénio de Almeida, com a sua fachada principal voltada para o Largo de São Sebastião da Pedreira, marca um dos limites da cidade até ao século XVIII, num cruzamento dinâmico de vias para os territórios arrabaldinos. Constituindo-se como espécime relevante da arquitectura oitocentista de filiação clássica, delineado por Jean Colson, a Casa de Eugénio de Almeida foi cenografada no grandioso Parque de Santa Gertrudes com rara qualidade paisagística e arquitectónica, neste caso ainda hoje evidente nas antigas cocheiras e cavalariças, delineadas por Giuseppe Cinatti.

Meningoencephalitis by Naegleria fowleri: epidemiological study in Anzoategui state, Venezuela

A case of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis produced by Naegleria fowleri was diagnosed in the Independencia county of Anzoategui State, Venezuela. This case motivated the realization of the present epidemiological study with the aim of identifying free-living amoebae in this area. Representative water samples were taken and physicochemical and microbiologic analyses were carried out. Trophozoites and cysts of Naegleria spp, were detected in 44.4% (n=4). An excellent concordance was found among the observations of free-living amoebae in smears and those of monoxenic cultures in non nourishing agar with Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kappa=1; p= 0.003). A variable load of aerobic mesophils was obtained. Moulds and yeast averages presented 3.0 CFU/ml (SD± 2.0) and 102.9 CFU/ml (SD± 32.2), respectively. One hundred per cent of the samples presented a most probable number of total and fecal coliforms of 240,000 NMP/100mL. Naegleria spp was present in waters of the Independence county of Anzoategui state, which constitutes a risk for people that use these sources.

Abdominal wall protrusion following herpes zoster

We present the case of a 62-year-old woman with abdominal segmental paresis consequent to radiculopathy caused by zoster, which was confirmed by electroneuromyography. The paresis resolved completely within three months. Recognition of this complication caused by zoster, which is easily misdiagnosed as abdominal herniation, is important for diagnosing this self-limited condition and avoiding unnecessary procedures.

Clinical and ultrasound findings before and after praziquantel treatment among Venezuelan schistosomiasis patients

Abdominal ultrasound can be a useful tool for diagnosing periportal fibrosis related to Schistosoma mansoni infection, and also for planning and monitoring the evolution of hepatic morbidity following control measures. We evaluated the standardized ultrasound methodology proposed by the World Health Organization for detecting periportal fibrosis and portal hypertension, among patients from an endemic area in Venezuela, and the impact of praziquantel treatment 3-5 years later. After chemotherapy, complete reversal of periportal lesions was observed in 28.2% of the cases and progression of the disease in 5.1%. Improvement in the hepatic disease started with a reduction in the periportal thickening followed by a decrease in the size of the left hepatic lobe, spleen and mesenteric and spleen veins. Ultrasound confirmed the clinical findings after chemotherapy among the patients with reversal of the disease. However, in patients with more advanced disease, these findings were contradictory. There was no correlation between evolution of the disease seen on ultrasound and age, intensity of infection or serological findings.

Epidemiological pattern of leprosy in an endemic area of North-East Brazil, 1996-2005: the supporting role of a Nongovernmental Organization

In an endemic area of North-East Brazil (the town of Picos, State of Piauí), a nongovernmental organization (NGO) supported the activity against leprosy in connection with governmental health organizations and local agents. The indicators of leprosy elimination were compared over time (within Picos) and across space (Picos versus Piauí). The case detection rate, above 8 per 10,000 people in the last two years of observation, increased over time in Picos (p=0.010). This finding could be due to active detection activities rather than expanding endemicity, as suggested by the reduction in leprosy in children (p=0.053) and the decrease in the proportion of new cases with grade 2 disability (p<0.001). These indicators showed a more favorable time trend in the city than in the State, suggesting that NGO activity was supportive in the battle towards leprosy control.

Comparison between clinical and ultrasonographic findings in cases of periportal fibrosis in an endemic area for schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Abdominal palpation and ultrasound findings among patients from an endemic area for schistosomiasis in Brazil who had been followed up for 27 years were compared. METHODS: In 2004, 411 patients from Brejo do Espírito Santo, in the State of Bahia, were selected for the present investigation after giving their written informed consent. Based on clinical data, they were divided into three groups: 41 patients with evidence of liver fibrosis in 2004 (Group 1); 102 patients with evidence of liver fibrosis in the past (1976-1989) but not in 2004 (Group 2); and 268 patients without evidence of liver fibrosis at any time during the 27-year follow-up (Group 3). All of the patients underwent abdominal ultrasound in which the examiner did not know the result from the clinical examination. The data were stored in a database. RESULTS: The prevalence of periportal fibrosis on ultrasound was 82.9%, 56.9% and 13.4% in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In the presence of hard, nodular liver or prominent left lobe and a hard palpable spleen, ultrasound revealed periportal fibrosis in 70.9%. However, periportal fibrosis was diagnosed using ultrasound in 25.4% of the patients in the absence of clinical evidence of liver involvement. Thus, ultrasound diagnosed periportal fibrosis 3.1 times more frequently than clinical examination did. CONCLUSIONS: Although clinical examination is important in evaluating morbidity due to Manson's schistosomiasis in endemic areas, ultrasound is more accurate in diagnosing liver involvement and periportal fibrosis.

Candida spp. isolated from inpatients, the environment, and health practitioners in the pediatric unit at the Universitary Hospital of the Jundiaí Medical College, state of São Paulo, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to isolate and identify Candida spp. from the environment, health practitioners, and patients with the presumptive diagnosis of candidiasis in the Pediatric Unit at the Universitary Hospital of the Jundiaí Medical College, to verify the production of enzymes regarded as virulence factors, and to determine how susceptible the isolated samples from patients with candidiasis are to antifungal agents. METHODS: Between March and November of 2008 a total of 283 samples were taken randomly from the environment and from the hands of health staff, and samples of all the suspected cases of Candida spp. hospital-acquired infection were collected and selected by the Infection Control Committee. The material was processed and the yeast genus Candida was isolated and identified by physiological, microscopic, and macroscopic attributes. RESULTS: The incidence of Candida spp. in the environment and employees was 19.2%. The most frequent species were C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis among the workers, C. guilliermondii and C. tropicalis in the air, C. lusitanae on the contact surfaces, and C. tropicalis and C. guilliermondii in the climate control equipment. The college hospital had 320 admissions, of which 13 (4%) presented Candida spp. infections; three of them died, two being victims of a C. tropicalis infection and the remaining one of C. albicans. All the Candida spp. in the isolates evidenced sensitivity to amphotericin B, nystatin, and fluconazole. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the rate of hospital-acquired infections caused by Candida spp. indicates the need to take larger measures regarding recurrent control of the environment.

Detection of canine visceral leishmaniasis by conjunctival swab PCR

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Conjunctival swab PCR was evaluated as a tool to diagnose visceral leishmaniasis in dogs. METHODS: Conjunctival swab PCR was compared to indirect immunofluorescence antibody test and blood PCR. RESULTS: Indirect immunofluorescence was significantly correlated with conjunctival swab PCR (p < 0.05), but not with blood PCR (p > 0.05). In addition, conjunctival swab PCR was significantly associated with presence of clinical symptoms (p < 0.05), whereas blood PCR was associated with absence of clinical symptoms (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that conjunctival swab PCR is useful in epidemiological surveys of canine visceral leishmaniasis.

Natural history of stenosis in the iliac arteries in patients with intermittent claudication undergoing clinical treatment

PURPOSE: Inspite of the long experience with the treatment of intermittent claudication, little is known about the natural history of stenotic lesions in the iliac segment. With the advent of endovascular treatment, this knowledge has become important. METHODS: Fifty-two stenosis, diagnosed using arteriography, in 38 claudicant patients were analyzed. After a minimum time interval of 6 months, a magnetic resonance angiography was performed to determine whether there was arterial occlusion. The primary factors that could influence the progression of a stenosis were analyzed, such as risk factors (smoking, hypertension, diabetes, sex, and age), compliance with clinical treatment, initial degree of stenosis, site of the stenosis, and length of follow-up. RESULTS: The average length of follow-up was 39 months. From the 52 lesions analyzed, 13 (25%) evolved to occlusion. When occlusion occurred, there was clinical deterioration in 63.2% of cases. This association was statistically significant (P = .002). There was no statistically significant association of the progression of the lesion with the degree or site of stenosis, compliance with treatment, or length of follow-up. Patients who evolved to occlusion were younger (P = .02). The logistic regression model showed that the determinant factors for clinical deterioration were arterial occlusion and noncompliance with clinical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The progression of a stenosis to occlusion, which occurred in 25% of the cases, caused clinical deterioration. Clinical treatment was important, but it did not forestall the arterial occlusion. Prevention of occlusion could be achieved by early endovascular intervention or with the development of drugs that might stabilize the atherosclerotic plaque.

Fenologia e produtividade do Abiu (Pouteria caimito)na Amazônia Central1

O abiu (Pouteria caimito (Ruiz et Pavon) Radlk., Sapotaceae) é uma das fruteiras nativas da Amazônia mais populares entre os consumidores locais e vem atraindo a atenção do mercado em outras regiões tropicais. Informações sobre fenologia e produtividade são úteis tanto para o produtor com para o comerciante para planejar o manejo da plantação c a comercialização dos frutos. Na Amazônia central, o abiu apresentou três períodos de floração intensa por ano entre 1980 e 1982 (duas durante a estação chuvosa, uma durante a estação seca), seguida no próximo mês pela frutificação, com variação considerável de planta para planta, de forma que alguns frutos estavam disponíveis durante pelo menos sete meses (abril a outubro). O abieiro floresceu abundantamente em cada período, mas somente 1,4 a 3,0% das flores vingaram, e esta porcentagem aparentamente foi afetada pelo estado nutricional das plantas e por problemas fitossanitários. Nos Latossolos pobres em nutrientes da Amazônia central, o peso dos frutos de abiu variou de 57 a 238 g (media ± d.p. = 120 ± 46 g), com 42% de polpa comestível. A produtividade anual foi estimada em 77 ± 28 kg/planta, equivalente a 21 t/ha no espaçamento de 6 x 6 m. Os insetos visitantes incluíram possíveis polinizadores e pragas, como a mosca da fruta (Anastrepha serpentina). Problemas fitossanitários aumentaram ao longo do período de observações.

Production of mexican brown macroalgae fucoidan and fucosidases under an integral green technology bioproceses by the biorefinery concept

Marine ecosystem can be considered a rather exploited source of natural substances with enormous bioactive potential. In Mexico macro-algae study remain forgotten for research and economic purposes besides the high amount of this resource along the west and east coast. For that reason the Bioferinery Group of the Autonomous University of Coahuila, have been studying the biorefinery concept in order to recover high value byproducts of Mexican brown macro-algae including polysaccharides and enzymes to be applied in food, pharmaceutical and energy industry. Brown macroalgae are an important source of fucoidan, alginate and laminarin which comprise a complex group of macromolecules with a wide range of important biological properties such as anticoagulant, antioxidant, antitumoral and antiviral and also as rich source of fermentable sugars for enzymes production. Additionally, specific enzymes able to degrade algae matrix (fucosidases, sulfatases, aliginases, etc) are important tools to establish structural characteristics and biological functions of these polysaccharides. The aims of the present work were the integral study of bioprocess for macroalgae biomass exploitation by the use of green technologies as hydrothermal extraction and solid state fermentation in order to produce polysaccharides and enzymes (fucoidan and fucoidan hydrolytic enzymes). This work comprises the use of the different bioprocess phases in order to produce high value products with lower time and wastes.

O pré-tratamento hidrotérmico no conceito das biorrefinarias

Hoje em dia os pré-tratamentos precisam ser robustos, para num mesmo processo, se produzirem compostos de alto valor acrescentado, como os xilooligossacarídeos (XOS) que podem ser aplicados na indústria alimentar, farmacêutica e energética, além de isto a produção de substratos para a conversão em biocombustíveis, como o bioetanol, e assim reduzir os altos custos das biorrefinerias de segunda geração. Além disso, é fundamental no desenvolvimento de reatores que ajudem a eficientar o processo de aquecimento em processos hidrotérmicos. Por tanto, o processo hidrotérmico reúne as características para ser aplicado ao conceito de biorrefinaria de segunda geração. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se o fundamento, e uma serie aplicações do pré-tratamento hidrotérmico realizados no nosso grupo de trabalho.

Interpretação fenológica de cinco espécies de Chrysobalanaceae na reserva florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil

Este estudo foi desenvolvido na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, ao norte de Manaus. Analisaram-se dados de observações fenológicas sobre cinco espécies da família Chrysobalanaceae, Licania heteromorpha L. longistyla L octandra Couepia longipendula, C. robusta e dados meteorológicos obtidos no período de 1970 a 1994. Determinaram-se as percentagens médias mensais de ocorrência, frequência, regularidade, data e duração média anual das fenofases, e o índice de sincronia entre indivíduos e na população para a plena floração (F2), frutos maduros (F5) e folhas novas (F8) de cada espécie. L. heteromorpha apresentou pico máximo de plena floração na transição para a estação chuvosa (Nov.-Jan.); L. longistyla (Jun.) e L. octandra (Jul.) na transição para a estação seca; C. longipendula e C. robusta na estação seca (Out.). As espécies apresentaram frequência anual a supra-anual na floração, com padrão irregular, com exceção de L. octandra supra-anual e padrão muito irregular. A duração média da floração foi de 4,8 meses e de 5,5 meses para a frutificação para as cinco espécies. O índice de sincronia da plena floração foi alta para L. octandra (0,79), média para C. longipendula (0,56) e baixa para L. heteromorpha, L. longistyla e C. robusta (< 0,32) espécies mostraram ser perenifólias. Uma análise multivariada mostrou que a plena floração teve correlação linear negativa com a precipitação e umidade relativa (r = -0,34) e correlação positiva com a insolação (r = 0,29), temperatura máxima (r = 0,26) e evaporação (r = 0,31); a fase de frutos maduros apresentou correlação positiva com a precipitação (r = 0,27) e negativa com a temperatura mínima (r = -0,35) e insolação (r = -0,27); a fase de folhas novas apresentou correlação semelhante à da plena floração.

Modelo para calcular a contribuição da fibra na resistência à punção de lajes em concreto reforçado com fibra de aço

Neste artigo, formulações analíticas são desenvolvidas para calcular a resistência à punção de lajes lisas de concreto reforçado com fibras de aço (CRFA) e que também são reforçadas à flexão por barras de aço (reforço convencional). A partir de análises estatísticas sobre um banco de dados que reúne resultados experimentais de caracterização do comportamento pós-fissuração do CRFA, equações são estabelecidas para avaliar parâmetros da resistência residual à tração na flexão (fRi) a partir de informações fundamentais que caracterizam a fibra de aço. O parâmetro de resistência fRi, proposto pelo ModelCode10 foi usado para definir a lei tensão-abertura da fissura (σ-w) que simula o mecanismo de reforço da fibra em um material cimentício. A segunda parte do artigo descreve uma formulação analítica baseada nos conceitos propostos por Muttoni e Ruiz, onde a lei σ-w é convenientemente integrada para simular a contribuição da fibra de aço na resistência à punção de lajes em CRFA. A partir de um banco de dados, composto de 154 ensaios de punção, o bom desempenho da proposta apresentada é demonstrado. O desempenho do modelo também é evidenciado comparando-se os seus resultados a outros modelos.

Comportamento fenológico da palmeira patauá (Oenocarpus bataua) na reserva florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil

Estudou-se a fenologia da palmeira patauá (Oenocarpus bataua Martius) na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke em ecossistema de terra-firme ao longo de 16 anos, e calculou-se a ocorrência média mensal de dez fenofases. Usou-se a análise dos componentes principais entre dez variáveis fenológicas e seis meteorológicas. As porcentagens de ocorrência média mensal apresentaram valores baixos (<14 %) e ocorreram todo o ano. Pela análise dos componentes principais a precipitação e a insolação foram as variáveis abióticas que apresentaram alto poder discriminatório na formação da variação dos primeiros componentes, que juntos explicaram 89,6 % da variação. As correlações entre a fenofase "cacho com frutos caindo" e as variáveis meteorológicas foram positivas com a insolação (r=0,34), temperatura máxima (r=0,31) e temperatura média (r=0,20), e negativa com a umidade relativa (r=0,-26) e precipitação (r=-0,26).