A identificação dos saberes já detidos pelos alunos do meio rural decorrentes da atividade agrícola no campo sobre a perspectiva do conhecimento químico formal no curso técnico integrado em agropecuária

Dissertação de mestrado com vista à obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária.

Educação profissional na perspectiva de inserção dos egressos do curso técnico em agropecuária subsequente do Instituto Federal de Brasília - Campus Planaltina no mercado de trabalho

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de mestre no âmbito do mestrado em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária da Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém.

La responsabilité civile dans les cas de dommages causés par les robots d’assistance au Québec

Le développement exponentiel de la technologie et le vieillissement de la population permettent d’introduire dans notre quotidien les robots d’assistance. La coexistence de l’homme avec ces robots intelligents et autonomes soulève une question fondamentale: dans l’éventualité où un robot provoquerait un accident causant un dommage à une personne ou à un bien qui serait le responsable? Aucune loi ne réglemente les activités de la robotique d’assistance dans le monde. Cette étude vise l’analyse de l’applicabilité des régimes de responsabilité du Code Civil du Québec aux cas de dommages causés par le robot d’assistance. L’analyse des régimes de responsabilité du Code civil du Québec permet de constater que deux régimes de responsabilité sont susceptibles d’être appliqués aux cas spécifiques de dommages causés par le robot d’assistance: le régime de responsabilité du fait des biens, énoncé à l’article 1465 C.c.Q., et le régime de responsabilité du fait des fabricants et vendeurs spécialisés, énoncé à l’article 1468 C.c.Q. Cela s’explique par la présence de critères et de conditions de mise en œuvre des régimes qui sont transposables aux différents aspects concernant la fabrication et l’utilisation du robot d’assistance.

A identificação dos saberes já detidos pelos alunos do meio rural decorrentes da atividade agrícola no campo sobre a perspectiva do conhecimento químico formal no curso técnico integrado em agropecuária

Dissertação de mestrado com vista à obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária.

Educação profissional na perspectiva de inserção dos egressos do curso técnico em agropecuária subsequente do Instituto Federal de Brasília - Campus Planaltina no mercado de trabalho

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de mestre no âmbito do mestrado em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária da Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém.

Evolução da paisagem de montado na área abrangida pelo EFMA: caso de estudo no concelho de Beja

A construção da Barragem de Alqueva foi durante anos considerada como fundamental no desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade e modernização da agricultura no Alentejo. Por outro lado a sua representação paisagística sempre se agregou a imagens de uma agricultura de sequeiro e extensiva mas hoje estamos perante uma agricultura regada e intensiva, tendo as alterações na agricultura levantado questões relativas à transformação da paisagem desta região. Na atual campanha de rega do Alqueva está previsto no sistema global de rega do projeto um total de 120 mil hectares de regadio, no entanto já existem estudos que possibilitam o aumento desta área, cerca de 45 mil hectares além do projeto inicial (EDIA, acesso em 23-2-2016) Desta forma pretende-se analisar a transformação da ocupação do solo, numa área abrangida pelo EFMA, o concelho de Beja, de modo a perceber como essa transformação ao longo do tempo tem incidido sobre a paisagem e afetado o Montado; EVOLUÇÃO DA PAISAGEM DE MONTADO NA ÁREA ABRANGIDA PELO EFMA C a s o d e E s t u d o n o C o n c e l h o d e B e j a A B S T R A C T: The construction of the Alqueva Dam was fundamental to the sustainable development and modernization of agriculture in the Alentejo. On the other hand its landscape representation has always added an image of an extensive and cutting agriculture but today we are facing a irrigated and intensive agriculture, having as changes in agriculture raised questions related to the transformation of the landscape of the region. In the current irrigation campaign of Alqueva is planned for a total of 120 thousand hectares of irrigation, there are no studies that allow the increase of the area, about 45 thousand hectares beyond the initial project (EDIA, access On 23-2-2016) In this way we intend to analyze a transformation of the land occupation, in an area covered by the EFMA, the Beja municipality, in order to understand how this transformation over time has affected a landscape and affected the Montado.

Impactes do Preço da Água na Agricultura no Perímetro Irrigado do Vale de Caxito

O aumento da pressão sobre os recursos hídricos tem levado muitos países a reconsiderarem os mecanismos utilizados na indução do uso eficiente da água, especialmente na agricultura irrigada. Estabelecer o preço correto da água é um dos mecanismos de tornar mais eficiente a alocação da água. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a análise dos impactes económicos, sociais e ambientais de políticas de preço da água. A metodologia utilizada foi a Programação Linear, aplicada ao Perímetro Irrigado do Vale de Caxito, Província do Bengo, a 45 km de Luanda, que tem como fonte o rio Dande. Foram testados três cenários relativos a políticas de tarifação de água: tarifa volumétrica simples, tarifa volumétrica variável, e tarifa fixa por superfície. As principais conclusões mostram que, do ponto de vista do uso eficiente da água na agricultura, os melhores resultados obtêm-se com a tarifa volumétrica variável; do ponto de vista social, a tarifação volumétrica simples apresenta os melhores resultados; o método de tarifa volumétrica variável foi o mais penalizador, reduzindo rapidamente a área das culturas mais consumidoras de água, sendo o melhor do ponto de vista ambiental. Qualquer um dos métodos traz aspetos negativos relativamente à redução da margem bruta total. Palavras-chaves: Recursos hídricos; Preço da água; Programação linear. Abstract: Increased pressure on water resources has led many countries to reconsider the mechanisms used in the induction of efficient water use, especially for irrigated agriculture, a major consumer of water. Establishing the correct price of water is one of the mechanisms for more efficient allocation of water. This paper aims to analyze the economic, social and essenenvironmental impacts of water price policies. The methodology used is the linear programming, applied to the Irrigated Valley Caxito, in Bengo Province, 45 kilometers from Luanda, which has the river Dande as its source. Three scenarios concerning water price policies were tested: simple volumetric rate, variable volumetric rate and flat rate per surface. The main findings show that from the point of view of the efficient use of water in agriculture, the best results are obtained with variable volumetric rate; from the social point of view, the simple volumetric rate has the best results; the volume variable rate method proved to be the most penalizing, quickly reducing the area of most water consuming cultures, being the method in which the environmental objectives would be more readily achieved. Either methods bring negative aspects in relation to the reduction of total gross margin. Key-words: Water resources; Water price; Linear programming.

Producción, oficios y migración en San Rafael de Heredia: un análisis del censo poblacional de 1927

ResumenEstudio la estructura socio ocupacional en las labores agropecuarias de San Rafael de Heredia y en los migrantes al noroeste del Valle Central, a la luz del censo poblacional de 1927.AbstractThis article focuses on the social/occupational structure in agriculture, as regards the area of San Rafael Heredia and migrants toward the northwestern Central Valley, in light of information from the 1927 population census manuscripts.

Adubação de capim-elefante com composto orgânico produzido com resíduos animais.

A utilização do composto orgânico proveniente de resíduos da criação e abate de pequenos ruminantes pode elevar a produção de matéria seca do capim-elefante, tendo em vista o teor de nutrientes contidos nesse fertilizante orgânico, diminuindo os impactos da produção animal sobre o ambiente e reduzindo os custos de produção na área de capineira de capim-elefante. Dada à escassez de informações na literatura e a importância do manejo adequado da adubação orgânica na agropecuária, objetivou-se avaliar os atributos químicos e físicos do solo, o estado nutricional e a produção do capim-elefante submetido à aplicação de doses do composto orgânico proveniente de resíduos da produção e abate de pequenos ruminantes. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em parcelas subdivididas, com medidas repetidas no tempo, sendo as parcelas as doses (0; 13,3; 26,6; 39,9; 52,3; 79,8 t ha-1) de composto orgânico e um tratamento adicional com adubos minerais e as subparcelas os ciclos (1, 2, 3 e 4) com 4 blocos, totalizando 28 parcelas. As variáveis mensuradas foram atributos físicos e químicos do solo, a diagnose foliar e a produtividade de capim-elefante. Para o fator ciclo, a adubação orgânica incrementou a umidade gravimétrica e umidade volumétrica e ainda houve diminuição da densidade de partículas em função dos ciclos. Com as doses do fertilizante orgânico houve aumento nas concentrações da matéria orgânica, amônio, nitrato, amônio + nitrato, fósforo e saturação por base; houve redução do valor da acidez potencial, além da elevação dos teores de nitrogênio e fósforo nas plantas. As doses de composto orgânico aumentaram a biomassa de forragem total de capimelefante. A adubação mineral proporcionou maior incremento da produção do capim em relação à adubação orgânica no decorrer dos ciclos. Abstract: The use of organic compost from residues of production and slaughter of small ruminants can increase dry matter production of elephant grass, in due function of quantity nutrients in this compost, thus reducing the animal production impacts in the environment and production costs in elephant grass fields. Due to the Lack of information in literature and the importance regarding organic fertilization in agriculture, the aim of this work was evaluate chemical and physical soil attributes, nutritional status in plants and production of elephant grass in function of doses of organic compound of residues of production and slaughter of small ruminants. The experimental design was in split-plot, with the main treatment the doses (0; 13,3; 26,6; 39,9; 52,3; 79,8 t ha-1 ) of organic compost and one additional treatment with mineral fertilization and secondary treatments was the cycles (1, 2, 3 and 4) with 4 blocks, and 28 plots. The measured variables were physical and chemical attributes in the soil, nutritional diagnosis in plants and production of elephant grass. For cycle factor the organic fertilization increased gravimetric and volumetric humidity, yet, occurred decrease of density in function of cycles. With the doses of organic compost increased organic matter, ammonium, nitrate, ammonium + nitrate, phosphor and base saturation; and decreased the value of potential acidity; and increased content of N and P in plants. The doses of organic compost increased the elephant grass production. The mineral fertilization increased the elephant grass production in relation of organic fertilization over the cycles.

Impacts of trace element pollution on sewage sludge and soil-plant systems: developing remediation techniques and assessing plant uptake prevention measures

Trace Elements (TEs) pollution is a significant environmental concern due to its toxic effects on human and ecosystem health and its potential to bioaccumulate in the food chain and to threaten species survival, leading to a decline in biodiversity. Urban areas, industrial and mining activities, agricultural practices, all contribute to the release of TEs into the environment posing a significant risk to human health and ecosystems. Several techniques have been developed to control TEs into the environment. This work presents the findings of three-year PhD program that focused on research on TEs pollution. The study discusses three fundamental aspects related to this topic from the perspective of sustainable development, environmental and human health. (1) High levels of TEs contamination prevent the use of sewage sludge (SS) as a fertilizer in agriculture, despite its potential as a soil amendment. Developing effective techniques to manage TEs contamination in SS is critical to ensure its safe use in agriculture and promote resource efficiency through sludge reuse. Another purpose of the study was to evaluate different strategies to limit the TEs uptake by horticultural crops (specifically, Cucumis Melo L.). This study addressed the effect of seasonality, Trichoderma inoculation and clinoptilolite application on chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) content of early- and late-ripening cultivars of Cucumis Melo L.. Finally, the accumulation of copper and the effect of its bioavailable fraction on bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of two vineyards, featuring two different varieties of Vitis vinifera grown for varying lengths of time, were evaluated.

An Image Recognition Software for Identification of Vehicle Homologation Tags

In recent years, we have witnessed great changes in the industrial environment as a result of the innovations introduced by Industry 4.0, especially in the integration of Internet of Things, Automation and Robotics in the manufacturing field. The project presented in this thesis lies within this innovation context and describes the implementation of an Image Recognition application focused on the automotive field. The project aims at helping the supply chain operator to perform an effective and efficient check of the homologation tags present on vehicles. The user contribution consists in taking a picture of the tag and the application will automatically, exploiting Amazon Web Services, return the result of the control about the correctness of the tag, the correct positioning within the vehicle and the presence of faults or defects on the tag. To implement this application we ombined two IoT platforms widely used in industrial field: Amazon Web Services(AWS) and ThingWorx. AWS exploits Convolutional Neural Networks to perform Text Detection and Image Recognition, while PTC ThingWorx manages the user interface and the data manipulation.

Development of a Robotic Wires Storage System for Switchgear Manufacturing Automation

Considering the great development of robotics in industrial automation, the Remodel project aims to reproduce, through the use of Cobots, the wiring activity typical of a human operator and to realize an autonomous storage work. My researches focused on this second topic. In this paper, we will see how to realize a gripper compatible with an Omron TM5X-900, able to perform a pick and place of different types of cables, but also how to compute possible trajectories. In particular, what I needed, was a trajectory going from the Komax, the cables production machine, to a Warehouse taking into account the possible entangles of cables with the robot during its motion. The last part has been dedicated to the synchronization between robot and main machine work.

Wavelet analysis of MODIS time series to detect expansion and intensification of row-crop agriculture in Brazil

Since 2000, the southwestern Brazilian Amazon has undergone a rapid transformation from natural vegetation and pastures to row-crop agricultural with the potential to affect regional biogeochemistry. The goals of this research are to assess wavelet algorithms applied to MODIS time series to determine expansion of row-crops and intensification of the number of crops grown. MODIS provides data from February 2000 to present, a period of agricultural expansion and intensification in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon. We have selected a study area near Comodoro, Mato Grosso because of the rapid growth of row-crop agriculture and availability of ground truth data of agricultural land-use history. We used a 90% power wavelet transform to create a wavelet-smoothed time series for five years of MODIS EVI data. From this wavelet-smoothed time series we determine characteristic phenology of single and double crops. We estimate that over 3200 km(2) were converted from native vegetation and pasture to row-crop agriculture from 2000 to 2005 in our study area encompassing 40,000 km(2). We observe an increase of 2000 km(2) of agricultural intensification, where areas of single crops were converted to double crops during the study period. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Adoption and use of precision agriculture technologies in the sugarcane industry of So Paulo state, Brazil

Precision agriculture (PA) technologies are being applied to crops in Brazil, which are important to ensure Brazil`s position in agricultural production. However, there are no studies available at present to indicate the extent to which PA technologies are being used in the country. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to investigate how the sugar-ethanol industry in So Paulo state, which produces 60% of the domestic sugarcane, is adopting and using these techniques. For this purpose, primary data were used, which were obtained from a questionnaire sent to all companies operating in the sugar-ethanol industry in the region. The aim was to determine to what extent these companies are adopting and using PA technologies, and also to promote a more in-depth discussion of the topic within the sugar-ethanol industry. Information was obtained on the features of the companies, on sources of information that they use for adopting these technologies, on their impacts on these companies and on obstacles hindering their adoption. The main conclusions of this research suggest that companies that adopt and use PA practices reap benefits, such as managerial improvements, higher yields, lower costs, minimization of environmental impacts and improvements in sugarcane quality.