Reinforced Earth and Stone Columns for Weak Subsoil Conditions, HR-510, 1980

Reinforced Earth is a French development that has been used in the United States for approximately ten years. Virbro-Replacement, more commonly referred to as stone columns, is an outgrowth of deep densification of cohesionless soils originally developed in Germany. Reinforced Earth has applicability when wall height is greater than about twelve feet and deep seated foundation failure is not a concern. Stone columns are applicable when soft, cohesive subsoil conditions are encountered and bearing capacity and shearing resistance must be increased. The conditions in Sioux City on Wesley Way can be summarized as: (1) restricted right of way, (2) fill height in excess of 25 feet creating unstable conditions, (3) adjacent structures that could not be removed. After analyzing alternatives, it was decided that Reinforced Earth walls constructed on top of stone columns were the most practical approach.

Cultura y negocios: el americanismo catalán de la Revista Comercial Ibero-Americana MERCURIO, 1901-1938.

ESTE LIBRO describe la historia de la Revista Comercial Ibero- Americana MERCURIO, la publicación barcelonesa que salió a la luz en diciembre de 1901, poco después de la pérdida de las últimas colonias (Cuba, Puerto Rico y Filipinas),y que dejó de aparecer a mediados del año 1938, en plena Guerra Civil española. Elfundador de esta revista fue José Puigdollers Macià, un importante empresario quetambién se hizo cargo del Crédito Ibero-Americano desde finales del siglo XIX. Durante los primeros años de edición, la revista se identificó por su carácter mensual, pero desde 1907 comenzó a aparecer semanalmente al dividirse entre la Edición Ilustrada y la Edición Comercial y de Transportes. La Edición Ilustrada fue posible gracias a los directores Federico Rahola Trèmols, Mariano Viada Lluch y Rafael Vehils Grau-Bolívar,y al director artístico Pere Casas Abarca. La Edición Comercial y de Transportes, por su parte, quedó en manos de los directores Simeón Mugüerza Sanz y Mariano Viada Viada.MERCURIO divulgó importantes contribuciones de más de 800 autores y autoras quecolaboraron con la revista. La encargada de resguardar las fuentes bibliográficas y hemerográficas fue María del Carmen Vehils Grau-Bolívar. El libro incluye el índice de los artículos publicados por MERCURIO entre 1901 y 1938.

Ação gênica, heterose e depressão endogâmica de caracteres de produção em linhagens mutantes de algodoeiro herbáceo

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estimar parâmetros hereditários no algodoeiro herbáceo (Gossypium hirsutum L.) a partir de análise genética convencional envolvendo dois progenitores e as gerações F1, F2, RC1 e RC2. A ação gênica, a heterose e a depressão endogâmica foram calculadas em relação aos caracteres número de dias para a floração, número de capulhos, peso do capulho, produção de algodão em caroço, porcentagem de fibra, e peso de 100 sementes. Os valores de herdabilidade no sentido restrito variaram de 2,27%, em peso médio de capulho, a 67,57%, em porcentagem de fibra. A ação gênica de natureza dominante predominou em número de dias para a floração, número de capulhos, peso médio do capulho, produção de algodão em caroço e fibra. Os valores heteróticos calculados variaram de -0,77%, em número de dias para a floração, a 96,41%, na produção de fibra. Depressão endogâmica estatisticamente significativa foi obtida em peso médio de capulho e porcentagem de fibra. A presença de ação gênica aditiva sugere que avanços genéticos podem ser alcançados por meio dos métodos comuns de seleção, enquanto a predominância de ação dominante ou epistática indica a necessidade do uso de variedades híbridas ou outros métodos que aproveitem este tipo de variabilidade genética.

Predição da porosidade drenável e disponibilidade de água para Cambissolos da Microrregião Campos das Vertentes, MG

O uso de equações para predição de algumas propriedades do solo é importante para redução do tempo e dos custos laboratoriais despendidos, especialmente para aplicação rápida e precisa desses valores em projetos agrícolas. A estimativa de uma propriedade do solo através de outras propriedades, que são obtidas de forma rotineira, deve ser contemplada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter equações que permitam estimar, com boa precisão, o grau de porosidade drenável e a disponibilidade total de água, a partir da análise textural, do teor de matéria orgânica e da densidade do solo, cuja determinação em laboratório é fácil e rápida. Para isto, trabalhou-se com Cambissolos da Microrregião Campos das Vertentes, MG, até a profundidade de 40 cm, utilizando 36 pontos amostrais. Por meio do programa SAS, através do procedimento "Backward", foi possível ajustar equações que apresentaram boas predições das propriedades em estudo a partir de análises rotineiras de laboratório, o que servirá de suporte para futuros estudos na região analisada.

Poverty and living arrangements among youth in Spain, 1980-2005

One of the most relevant demographic events in Spain from a recent historical perspective was the baby boom of the 1960s and 1970s. The “adapting to circumstances” of these generations of youth and their families through delayed emancipation and childbearing has been key in preventing a decline in their economic status. The results show that the reduction of the poverty risk among non-emancipated youth for the period 1980-2005 is explained by the fact that an increasing number of young Spaniards live with two employed parents. Thus, emancipation delay is found most in those families that can best afford it. Furthermore, the salaries of young workers remaining in the parental home have become an important factor in reducing their family poverty risk. On the other hand, fertility decline is readily explained by the economic difficulties young couples encounter in sustaining their offspring

Balanço do nitrogênio e fósforo em solo com cultivo orgânico de hortaliças após a incorporação de biomassa de guandu

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar os efeitos de faixas de guandu (Cajanus cajan) e da incorporação da biomassa proveniente de sua poda na fertilidade do solo e na produtividade de três hortaliças sob cultivo orgânico. O delineamento usado foi de blocos casualizados completos em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas com três repetições. As produtividades de beterraba, cenoura e feijão-de-vagem não foram afetadas pelos tratamentos. Nas parcelas onde não houve incorporação da biomassa de guandu, o balanço de nitrogênio no sistema foi negativo, ao passo que com a incorporação, esse balanço foi positivo. Embora tenha ocorrido balanço positivo para o fósforo nas parcelas sem a incorporação de biomassa de guandu, houve um aumento significativo na absorção desse elemento pelas hortaliças quando o material foi incorporado. O sistema de cultivo em aléias de guandu pode representar uma prática vantajosa para os produtores orgânicos, por contribuir na manutenção da fertilidade do solo.

1980 Census of population & housing: Iowa by place. Report 1A, Population characteristics, 1982

As with the 1970 Census, the U.S. Department of labor's Employment and Training Administration (ETA) has compiled a series of special reports for the use of program managers and other social scientists concerned with human resources. These reports. which were designed cooperatively by federal, state and local government research staff, include much unpublished data from the 1980 Census Summary Tape Files. The reports in this series cover not only all of the major government and census designated geographic areas in the United States, but also the unique administrative areas that concern program managers.

Performance of Holstein heifers fed sugarcane silages treated with urea, sodium benzoate or Lactobacillus buchneri

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of heifers fed sugarcane silages produced with and without additives. Thirty-two Holstein heifers were randomly assigned, in a block design, to evaluate rations (46% silage; 54% concentrate; 12% crude protein) containing silages treated with (fresh basis) urea (0.5%), sodium benzoate (0.1%) or Lactobacillus buchneri (3.64x10(5) cfu g-1 ). Inoculation with L. buchneri improved daily gain (1.24 vs. 0.94 kg day-1 ), and the addition of benzoate resulted in better feed conversion (7.6 vs. 9.4 kg of dry matter per kg of live weight), in relation to the untreated silage (control). Treatments did not affect dry matter intake (mean of 2.19% of live weight). Rations containing silages treated with benzoate or L. buchneri showed lower cost per kg of weight gain. Treatment with urea did not improve animal performance, but the cost per kg of weight gain was lower than that of the control ration.

Survey of D.O.T.'s Traffic Paint Costs in 1979, HR-515, 1980

This report presents the results of a survey on the use of yellow versus white traffic paint. It was found that in most states the white paint was less expensive than the yellow. A substantial savings could be realized if an all white traffic marking system was permitted by the Federal Highway Administration. Paint costs from each state are presented, as well as by each region.

Asphalt Emulsions for Highway Construction (Emulsion Seal Coat), HR-1028, 1980

For the past several year Kossuth County has had a scheduled maintenance program of bituminous seal coating. This program has been used to maintain the 467 miles of asphaltic concrete surfaced roads in Kossuth County. Since most of the experience that Kossuth County had in seal coating was with cutback asphalt, it was decided to include the use of emulsified asphalt in Kossuth County's 1980 seal coat program. Federal Demonstration Project Funds were requested from the Federal Highway Administration to study the use of emulsified asphalt and funding was granted under Demonstration Project No. 55,:Asphalt Emulsions for Highway Construction." Items studied were design and construction procedure cost of alternate material, energy consumption and environmental considerations. A construction contract was awarded to Everds Brothers, Inc. of Algona, Iowa, on July 1, 1980. There were four bidders on the 54.5 miles of seal coating that was let. A map showing the location of the seal coating projects is shown in Appendix A, and a copy of the contract is shown in Appendix B. The contractor started the project on July 11, 1980 and completed the project on August 1, 1980. Construction inspection and follow-up inspections of the project were conducted by personnel of the Kossuth County Engineer's Office and testing of the materials, friction testing and road rater testing were conducted by the Material's Department of the Iowa Department of Transportation.

Special Report on Alkali-Aggregate Reactivity in Iowa, MLR-80-03, 1980

The purpose of this investigation was to obtain information relative to the alkali-silica reaction in Iowa aggregates. Of particular concern were those aggregates in southwestern Iowa thought to be potentially alkali reactive. Further, should those aggregates have proven to be alkali-reactive, at what cement alkali content could these aggregates be considered to be deleteriously reactive? If the aggregates were proven to be reactive, what types of effects might show up in a structure in which an alkali-silica reaction has occurred? Also, what environmental conditions would cause the reaction? Finally, based on the information obtained from the investigation, would it be possible to raise the cement alkali content specifications? Would the Iowa DOT eliminate the alkali content limits altogether except for cement used with reactive aggregate in the same manner as AASHTO or ASTM? Also, would there be any other side effects that might occur as the result of using high alkali-cement?

Plant compounds insecticide activity against Coleoptera pests of stored products

The objective of this work was to screen plants with insecticide activity, in order to isolate, identify and assess the bioactivity of insecticide compounds present in these plants, against Coleoptera pests of stored products: Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Silvanidae), Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Curculionidae). The plant species used were: basil (Ocimum selloi Benth.), rue (Ruta graveolens L.), lion's ear (Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br.), jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.), baleeira herb (Cordia verbenacea L.), mint (Mentha piperita L.), wild balsam apple (Mormodica charantia L.), and billy goat weed or mentrasto (Ageratum conyzoides L.). The insecticide activity of hexane and ethanol extracts from those plants on R. dominica was evaluated. Among them, only hexane extract of A. conyzoides showed insecticide activity; the hexane extract of this species was successively fractionated by silica gel column chromatography, for isolation and purification of the active compounds. Compounds 5,6,7,8,3',4',5'-heptamethoxyflavone; 5,6,7,8,3'-pentamethoxy-4',5'-methilenedioxyflavone and coumarin were identified. However, only coumarin showed insecticide activity against three insect pests (LD50 from 2.72 to 39.71 mg g-1 a.i.). The increasing order of insects susceptibility to coumarin was R. dominica, S. zeamais and O. surinamensis.

Crescimento de capim-braquiária influenciado pelo grau de sombreamento e pela estação do ano

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, nas diferentes estações do ano, as características morfogênicas e estruturais e a produção de matéria seca de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf., cultivada em três graus de sombreamento: área de pastagem exclusivamente com B. decumbens, área próxima ao bosque e área com bosque de Eucalyptus grandis consorciado com leguminosas arbóreas (0, 18 e 50% de sombreamento, respectivamente). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com arranjo em parcelas subdivididas no tempo, com quatro repetições. O sombreamento induziu à elevação das taxas de alongamento de folhas e colmos. A taxa de aparecimento de folhas e o número de folhas vivas por perfilho não foram influenciados pelos graus de sombreamento. Em geral, no inverno houve redução nos valores das variáveis morfogenéticas e estruturais do dossel, assim como das taxas de produção de forragem, independentemente do sombreamento. A braquiária apresenta plasticidade fenotípica, em resposta às variações climáticas sazonais e aos níveis de sombreamento ambiental, o que confere a essa espécie elevado potencial para uso em sistemas silvipastoris.

Evolució, justificacions i propostes de la gran obra hidràulica a les conques de la Muga i del Fluvià (1850-1980). La irrigació com a protagonista

Als darrers 150 anys, les grans infraestructures hidràuliques, per acció o per omissió, han jugat un paper destacat però força desconegut a les conques hidrogràfiques gironines de la Muga i del Fluvià. Així, s’efectua, a continuació, una reconstrucció retrospectiva i comparada de les propostes de gran obra hidràulica (embassaments, canals complementaris...) que, en aquest període, han estat ideades i en el seu cas executades, a ambdues conques. S’atorgarà una atenció especial a les justificacions, finalitats, discursos i agents socials que han inspirat la seva concepció i les causes que han conduït al seu èxit o al seu fracàs. Tot plegat es contextualitza dins dels plans, les polítiques i la legislació hidràulica estatals. Aquí s’afegirà la influència del proper riu Ter, a partir de la dècada de 1950-59, des del moment en què es decideix l’abastament parcial amb els seus cabals a Barcelona i a la seva zona d’influència

Trends in mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma in Europe, 1980-2004.

Upward trends in mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were recently reported in the United States and Japan. Comprehensive analyses of most recent data for European countries are not available. Age-standardized (world standard) HCC rates per 100,000 (at all ages, at age 20-44, and age 45-59 years) were computed for 23 European countries over the period 1980-2004 using data from the World Health Organization. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify significant changes in trends, and annual percent change were computed. Male overall mortality from HCC increased in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and other western countries, while it significantly decreased over recent years in countries such as France and Italy, which had large upward trends until the mid-1990s. In the early 2000s, among countries allowing distinction between HCC and other liver cancers, the highest HCC rates in men were in France (6.8/100,000), Italy (6.7), and Switzerland (5.9), whereas the lowest ones were in Norway (1.0), Ireland (0.8), and Sweden (0.7). In women, a slight increase in overall HCC mortality was observed in Spain and Switzerland, while mortality decreased in several other European countries, particularly since the mid-1990s. In the early 2000s, female HCC mortality rates were highest in Italy (1.9/100,000), Switzerland (1.8), and Spain (1.5) and lowest in Greece, Ireland, and Sweden (0.3). In most countries, trends at age 45-59 years were consistent with overall ones, whereas they were more favorable at age 20-44 years in both sexes. CONCLUSION: HCC mortality remains largely variable across Europe. Favorable trends were observed in several European countries mainly over the last decade, particularly in women and in young adults.