982 resultados para Rentat nasal


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Animal welfare is a controversial topic in modern animal agriculture, partly because it generates interest from both the scientific community and the general public. The housing of gestating sows, particularly individual housing, is one of the most critical concerns in farm animal welfare. We hypothesize that the physical size of the standard gestation stall may limit movement and evoke demands and challenges on the sow to affect the physiological and psychological well-being of the individually housed sow. Thus, improvements in the design of the individual gestation stall system that allow more freedom to move, such as increasing stall width or designing a stall that could accommodate the changing size of the pregnant sow, may improve sow welfare. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of a width adjustable stall (FLEX) on productivity and behavior of dry sows. The experiment consisted of 3 replications (block 1, n=4 sows; block 2, n=4 sows; block 3, n=8 sows), and multi-parious sows were allotted to either a FLEX stall or standard gestation stall for 1 gestation period. Sow mid-girth (top of the back to bottom of the udder) was measured 5-6 times throughout gestation to determine the best time points for FLEX stall width expansions. FLEX stall width was adjusted according to mid-girth measurements, and expanded to achieve an additional 2 cm of space between the bottom of the sow’s udder and floor of the stall so that sows could lie in full lateral recumbency without touching the sides of the stall. Productivity data recorded included: sow body weight (BW) and BW gain, number of piglets born and born alive, proportions of piglets stillborn, mummified, lost between birth and weaning, and weaned, and litter and mean piglet birth BW, weaning BW, and average BW gain from birth-to-weaning. Lesions were recorded on d 21 and d 111 of gestation. Sub-pilot behavior data were observed and registered for replicate 1 sows using continuous video-records for the l2 hour lights on period (period 1, 0600-1000; period 2, 1000-1400; period 3, 1400-1800) prior FLEX stall adjustment and 12 hour lights on period post adjustment on d 21, 22, 23, 43, 44, 45, 93, 94, 95. A randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement for treatments was used to analyze sow productivity and performance traits. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS. A preliminary analysis of data means and numerical trends was used to analyze sow behavior measurements. Sows housed in a FLEX stall had more (P < 0.05) total born and a tendency for more piglets born alive (P = 0.06) than sows housed in a standard stall. Sow body weight also tended to be higher (P = 0.06) for sows housed in a FLEX stall compared to sows housed in a standard stall. There were numerical trends for mean durations of sit, lay, lay (OUT), and eat behaviors to be greater for sows housed in a FLEX stall compared with sows housed in a standard stall. The mean duration of lay (IN) behavior tended to be numerically less for sows housed in a FLEX stall compared with sows housed in a standard stall. There were numerical trends for the mean durations of stand and drink behaviors to be greater for sows housed in a standard stall compared with sows housed in a FLEX stall. The mean frequencies of postural changes and mean durations of oral-nasal-facial and sham-chew behaviors were numerically similar between types of gestation stall. Mean durations and numerical trends indicate that time of day influenced all of the behaviors assessed in this study. The results of this pilot study indicate that the adjustable FLEX stall may affect sow productivity and behavior differently than the standard gestation stall, and thus potentially improve sow well-being. Future research should continue to compare the new FLEX stall design to current housing systems in use and examine physiological traits and immune status in addition to behavioral and productivity traits to assess the effects that this housing system has on the overall welfare of the gestating sow.

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Objetivos: Analizar la situación actual de las investigaciones relacionadas con las nanopartículas poliméricas como sistemas de liberación de fármacos, así como los estudios que muestran las aplicaciones de fármacos incorporados en dichos sistemas y liberados en el sistema nervioso central mediante la administración intranasal. Métodos: Se utilizó, entre otras, como principal fuente la base de datos de la National Library of Medicine, Washington, DC (MEDLINE: PubMed) para realizar la búsqueda de artículos de investigación más importantes publicados sobre el tema. Resultados: Muchos de los fármacos utilizados para el tratamiento de enfermedades neurodegenerativas no son capaces de atravesar la barrera hematoencefálica (BHE) y llegar al cerebro en concentraciones suficientes para ejercer su efecto terapéutico. Es por ello que surge la idea de desarrollar nanopartículas poliméricas para ser administradas por vía nasal. Gracias a la utilización de dichos sistemas, numerosos estudios han puesto de manifiesto una mejora en la utilidad clínica del fármaco, permitiendo reducir la dosis y la frecuencia de dosificación a la vez que se reducen los efectos secundarios. Conclusiones: Pese a los avances realizados, demostrándose un aumento de la concentración de fármacos incorporados en sistemas nanoparticulados que llegan al cerebro, aún son necesarias investigaciones que solventen los problemas de toxicidad presentados por estos sistemas y su variabilidad de dosis absorbida.

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Antecedentes: la enterocolitis necrosante es la enfermedad gastrointestinal médica y quirúrgica más frecuente de la etapa neonatal. Objetivo: conocer su prevalencia y sus factores de riesgo en recién nacidos de 1,000 a 1,500 g en la unidad de cuidados intensivos eonatales del Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo de casos y controles. Se recopilaron los datos de los expedientes clínicos de los pacientes nacidos en el Hospital Universitario durante el periodo del 1 de agosto del 2005 al 31 de julio del 2006 con peso de 1,000 a 1,500 g. Se excluyeron pacientes que nacieron en otro hospital o que tuvieran malformaciones congénitas. Se analizaron los datos mediante las pruebas de la χ2, la t de Student y razón de momios. Resutados: de los 55 pacientes que reunieron los criterios de inclusión, 18% tuvieron enterocolitis necrosante grado II o mayor. Se encontraron como factores de riesgo con significación estadística al Apgar de 0 a 6 al primer minuto, uso de presión positiva continua nasal, uso de aminofi lina y sepsis tardía (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: su prevalencia es mayor en el hospital en donde se efectuó el presente estudio que la reportada en países desarrollados o en hospitales privados de países en vías de desarrollo, pero con menor mortalidad. Los factores de riesgo con significación estadística fueron los relacionados con episodios de isquemia, reperfusión e infección.

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O presente relatório foi elaborado com o objetivo de descrever as atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito do estágio curricular do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária pela Universidade de Évora. Numa primeira parte é apresentada a casuística acompanhada ao longo do estágio, com referência mais pormenorizada a alguns dos casos clínicos acompanhados nas diversas áreas de intervenção da clínica de equinos. Segue-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o corrimento nasal unilateral em equinos, com especial ênfase para as sinusites. Termina com o relato de quatro casos clínicos, desde o surgimento dos primeiros sinais clínicos até à sua resolução médica/ cirúrgica; ABSTRACT: This report was prepared in order to describe the activities developed during the integrated internship of the master's degree in Veterinary Medicine from the University of Evora. The first part describes the casuistics followed along the traineeship with more detailed reference to some of the clinical cases assisted in different areas of intervention of the equine clinics. The second part presents a literature review on the unilateral nasal discharge in horses with special emphasis on sinusitis. It ends with the description of four clinical cases since the appearance of the first clinical signs to their medical/ surgical resolution.

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Aim Review the literature from 1990 to 2013 to determine known anatomic sites, risk factors, treatments, and outcomes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Using a systematic search strategy, literature pertaining to HNSCC in sub-Saharan Africa was reviewed and patient demographics, anatomic sites, histology, stage, treatment, and outcomes were abstracted. The contributions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV) and behavioural risk factors to HNSCC in the region were assessed. Results Of the 342 papers identified, 46 were utilized for review, including 8611 patients. In sub-Saharan Africa, the oropharyngeal/oral cavity was found to be the most common site, with 7750 cases (90% of all cases). Few papers distinguished oropharyngeal from oral cavity, making identification of possible HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) difficult. SCC of the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, or paranasal sinuses was identified in 410 patients (4.8% of all cases). Laryngeal SCC was found in 385 patients (4.5% of all cases), and only 66 patients (0.8% of all cases) with hypopharyngeal SCC were identified. In 862 patients with data available, 43% used tobacco and 42% used alcohol, and reported use varied widely and was more common in laryngeal SCC than that of the oropharyngeal/oral cavity. Toombak and kola nut use was reported to be higher in patients with HNSCC. Several papers reported HIV-positive patients with HNSCC, but it was not possible to determine HNSCC prevalence in HIV-positive compared to negative patients. Reports of treatment and outcomes were rare. Conclusions The oropharyngeal/oral cavity was by far the most commonly reported site of HNSCC reported in sub-Saharan Africa. The roles of risk factors in HNSCC incidence in sub-Saharan Africa were difficult to delineate from the available studies, but a majority of patients did not use tobacco and alcohol.

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Este relatório foi realizado no âmbito do estágio curricular no Hospital Veterinário do Baixo Vouga de 1 de Setembro de 2015 a 31 de Janeiro de 2016. A primeira componente trata da casuística acompanhada no estágio. A área médica mais comum foi a gastroenterologia. A segunda componente consiste na revisão bibliográfica da aspergilose canina complementada com um caso clínico acompanhado no estágio. A aspergilose sino-nasal canina ocorre principalmente em indivíduos jovens ou de meia-idade, mesaticéfalos ou dolicocéfalos e saudáveis. O seu diagnóstico implica o conjunto de vários exames, nomeadamente imagiológicos, cultura de fungos, histopatologia, serologia e diagnóstico molecular. O tratamento recomendado é o tópico. A aspergilose disseminada é menos frequente, sendo mais comum na raça Pastor Alemão. Sendo geralmente mais grave, o tratamento passa essencialmente pela terapia antifúngica sistémica. O uso de fungicidas tem sido muito associado à ocorrência de resistências cruzadas a antifúngicos azóis, dificultando o tratamento destas infeções; Abstract: Small Animal Medicine This report was elaborated following a traineeship at the Hospital Veterinário do Baixo Vouga from September 1st, 2015 to January, 31st, 2016. The first component covers the casuistry accompanied during the same. The most prevalent medical field was the gastroenterology. The second component consists of a literature review of canine aspergillosis along with the report of a case followed during the internship. Canine sinonasal aspergillosis primarily affects young to middle-aged, mesaticephalic or dolichocephalic and healthy dogs. Its diagnosis involves a conjunction of medical exams, namely imagiologic, fungal culture, histopathology, serology and molecular diagnosis. The recommended treatment is the topical one. Disseminated aspergillosis is more infrequent, occurring usually in German Shepard Dogs. Being more grievous, its treatment is based upon the administration of systemic antifungals. The use of azole fungicides has been linked to the development of cross-resistances between these and the antifungal azoles, making it difficult to treat such infections.

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La peritonitis es una complicación grave de la diálisis peritoneal (DP), por lo que interesa conocer la incidencia y sensibilidad antibiótica de los gérmenes causantes. En Uruguay, desde el 1° de enero de 2004, se realiza un registro nacional de las peritonitis en DP, gérmenes, sensibilidad y evolución. Método: se analizaron los registros desde el 1° de enero de 2004 al 31 de diciembre de 2013. El registro fue aprobado por comités de ética institucionales. Resultados: en el período se registraron 850 peritonitis, con una incidencia que descendió de 0,49/paciente-año (2004-2005) a 0,37/paciente-año (2013). La incidencia de Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo (SCoN) fue menor en 2009-2013 vs 2004-2005 (0,2 vs 0,12 peritonitis/paciente-año, test Poisson p<0,05). En 2009-2013: 14/54 S. aureus y 26/71 SCoN fueron meticilinorresistente, similar al período previo. El 98% de los gérmenes gramnegativos fueron sensibles a amikacina. En 145/467 (31%) episodios no se identificó germen. Se logró cura primaria en 71% de las peritonitis por grampositivos y en 45% por gramnegativos (chi2 p<0,05). En 2013 se observó mayor incidencia de peritonitis en los centros en los que no se controló el estado de portador nasal. Comentarios y conclusiones: se justifica implementar el control de portador de Staphylococcus aureus. La incidencia de peritonitis por S. aureus y SCoN meticilinorresistentes, la incidencia sostenida de gérmenes gramnegativos (con peor evolución), y el elevado porcentaje de cultivos sin desarrollo justifica mantener el protocolo antibiótico empírico inicial con vancomicina y amikacina. El descenso de la incidencia de S. aureus + SCoN podría ser atribuido a una mejor educación de los pacientes en DP.

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El bienestar animal surge del conocimiento de los animales como seres que experimentan dolor, sufrimiento o estrés, la importancia del impacto en su salud, su comportamiento y también en su eficiencia reproductiva. La evaluación del bienestar incluye el comportamiento, la salud y la forma en la que los animales responden al manejo y a la gestión de sus condiciones de vida (alojamiento y alimentación). Bajo este estudio se desarrolla e implementa la evaluación del bienestar de los sementales y yeguas de cría de un centro de reproducción estatal, así como los potros de recría, futuros reproductores, mediante el estudio del efecto de las condiciones de manejo, para determinar cómo influyen las condiciones de vida sobre los indicadores de bienestar basados en el animal. Se utilizó un protocolo de evaluación según el modelo Welfare Quality® adaptado a la especie equina que incluye un total de 45 indicadores basados en el animal y basados en el ambiente, de una población total conformada por 196 animales del Centro Militar de Cría Caballar de Écija (Sevilla). Se evaluaron y compararon inicialmente las dos subpoblaciones de equinos adultos con aptitud reproductora constituida por 49 sementales estabulados y 43 yeguas de cría en semilibertad. Posteriormente, se realizó la evaluación de bienestar de 104 potros de recría futuros reproductores que vivían en libertad. Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas en el estado de bienestar de los animales adultos sometidos a distintas condiciones de manejo. La evaluación del alojamiento y la alimentación puso de manifiesto que en los animales estabulados el área disponible para cada animal en las instalaciones era insuficiente y existía riesgo de lesión, dejaban restos de alimento y la condición corporal estaba aumentada. Se observaron sólo comportamientos anormales en los animales estabulados. También fueron más propensos a mostrar curiosidad en los test de comportamiento y también desviaciones de salud como el rascado en la crin y la cola, cojera, heridas en la región de las extremidades y problemas dentales, como los más destacados. Por el contrario, en las yeguas que vivían en semilibertad, se dieron reacciones de temor en los test de comportamiento, heridas distribuidas fundamentalmente por el cuello, tronco, grupa y regiones genitales, así como escalas de condición corporal disminuida. El análisis de los factores de riesgo usando un modelo de regresión, demostró cómo el manejo en semilibertad se asociaba a la aparición de ciertos trastornos de salud y desviaciones de comportamiento. En la población joven, destacaron las respuestas de curiosidad en los test de comportamiento, la presencia de heridas en las extremidades, descarga nasal, dolor en el dorso, pelos rotos en crin y cola y problemas generalizados de piel, entre otros. La metodología seguida para la evaluación del bienestar mediante la selección de un panel adecuado de indicadores permite determinar la incidencia de problemas de salud y comportamiento de la población reproductora y cómo influye el sistema de manejo, base para intervenciones futuras en la mejora del bienestar animal y su productividad como reproductores.

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to be from 2.5 to 5.5 cases per 1,000 catheter-day. the clinical impact is relevant and increases the cost of the HD Unit. Methods: The present study is the irst of 2 phases. It was conducted from January to December of 2012, and included all patients and nurses who were in the HD Unit. The prevalence of Gramnegative bacilli (GNB) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MrSA) colonizing the nasal passages and the skin is described. Also, phenotypic association was sought by genus, species and sensitivities between colonizing bacterial strains and blood cultures with GNB and MRSA. Results: the study included 70 patients and 10 nurses. the prevalence of nasal colonization in patients by GNB was 9% and 6% in the pericatheter, and no nursing GNB colonization was discovered. The prevalence of MRSA nasal colonization was 19% and 6% in the pericatheter for patients and in the nurses the nasal colonization was 50% and 10% in the hands. We identiied 29 cases of primary bacteremia. The primary bacteremia rate is 1.5 per 1,000 catheter-day or 0.4 episodes per patient per year. Conclusion: We demonstrated a high prevalence of MrSA colonization in patients and nurses in the HD Unit. No relationship was found between primary bacteremia by GNB and patients and nurses’ bacteria colonization by the phenotypic comparison.

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Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas (IRABs) causadas por el virus sincitial respiratorio (VSR), en niños menores de dos años, hospitalizados en el servicio de pediatría del hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, realizado en 163 niños/as menores de 2 años de edad, con infección respiratoria aguda baja. Se estudió al universo, es decir al total de la población seleccionada durante el período de 6 meses. Se evaluó la presencia del VSR en secreción nasal mediante la utilización de inmunoensayo de flujo lateral a través de un formato tipo test pack (Clearview RSV), que tiene una sensibilidad del 70 al 95%. Se incluyó en sangre: hemograma y proteína C reactiva y a todos los niños se solicitó una radiografía de tórax. Se estudió la relación entre infección por virus sincitial respiratorio y factores de riesgo: prematuridad, displasia broncopulmonar, ventilación mecánica, cardiopatía y síndrome de Down. Resultados: la frecuencia de positividad para el virus sincitial respiratorio en la población estudiada fue del 22.7%. El grupo de edad con mayor número de casos fue el de 1-3 meses con el 59.5%. Los hombres fueron el grupo con mayor porcentaje de resultado positivos 80%. Hubo asociación estadística significativa con los factores de riesgo: ventilación mecánica OR 6.40 (IC: 1.45 – 28.2) y displasia broncopulmonar OR 4.97 (IC: 1.06 – 23.3). Conclusiones: la frecuencia de virus sincitial respiratorio encontrada en nuestra investigación es menor a la reportada en la literatura revisada y está asociada a displasia broncopulmonar y ventilación mecánica

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Abstract: This paper covers the technical aspects of the wireless-based sleep technology for monitoring sleep apnea, which is a sleep disorder that can be detected via continuous monitoring. In this paper, a wireless system testbed is designed to monitor the patients for the signs of sleep apnea. The testbed is comprised of a number of biomedical sensors, which are used to monitor the related biological parameters related to the patient's sleeping mechanism, such as: nasal airflow, snoring, abdominal, leg, chest, and eye movements, blood oxygen level, blood pressure, and body position. The goal of this paper is to characterize the and model the data traffic generated from the biomedical sensors used in the sleep apnea study and find the network-centric lower traffic limits; minimum frequency deployment and minimum bandwidth required.

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PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between short-term and long-term changes in power at different corneal locations relative to the change in central corneal power and the 2-year change in axial elongation relative to baseline in children fitted with orthokeratology contact lenses (OK). METHODS: Thirty-one white European subjects 6 to 12 years of age and with myopia −0.75 to −4.00 DS and astigmatism ≤1.00 DC were fitted with OK. Differences in refractive power 3 and 24 months post-OK in comparison with baseline and relative to the change in central corneal power were determined from corneal topography data in eight different corneal regions (i.e., N[nasal]1, N2, T[temporal]1, T2, I[inferior]1, I2, S[superior]1, S2), and correlated with OK-induced axial length changes at two years relative to baseline. RESULTS: After 2 years of OK lens wear, axial length increased by 0.48±0.18 mm (P0.05). CONCLUSION: The reduction in central corneal power and relative increase in paracentral and pericentral power induced by OK over 2 years were not significantly correlated with concurrent changes in axial length of white European children.

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PURPOSE To investigate the cortical mechanisms that prevent diplopia in intermittent exotropia (X(T)) during binocular alignment (orthotropia). METHODS The authors studied 12 X(T) patients aged 5 to 22 years. Seventy-five percent had functional stereo vision with stereoacuity similar to that of 12 age-matched controls (0.2-3.7 min arc). Identical face images were presented to the two eyes for 400 ms. In one eye, the face was presented at the fovea; in the other, offset along the horizontal axis with up to 12° eccentricity. The task was to indicate whether one or two faces were perceived. RESULTS All X(T) patients showed normal diplopia when the nonfoveal face was presented to nasal hemiretina, though with a slightly larger fusional range than age-matched controls. However, 10 of 12 patients never experienced diplopia when the nonfoveal face was presented to temporal hemiretina (i.e., when the stimulus simulated exodeviation). Patients showed considerable variability when the single image was perceived. Some patients suppressed the temporal stimulus regardless of which eye viewed it, whereas others suppressed a particular eye even when it viewed the foveal stimulus. In two patients, the simulated exodeviation might have triggered a shift from normal to anomalous retinal correspondence. CONCLUSIONS Antidiplopic mechanisms in X(T) can be reliably triggered by purely retinal information during orthotropia, but the nature of these mechanisms varies between patients.