Seguiment temporal de l'àrea marina protegida de les Illes Medes. Informe anual. Any 2001

Aquesta Memòria constitueix la onzena remesa, corresponent als resultats obtinguts en 2001, dels treballs de seguiment que, des del 1990, ve efectuant l'equip del Departament d'Ecologia en la Reserva Marina de les Illes Medes per encàrrec del Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia i Pesca (de 1990 a 1998) i del Departament de Medi Ambient (des de 1999) en compliment dels imperatius que marca la Llei 19/1990, de 10 de desembre del Parlament de Catalunya. L'objectiu de dita Llei és la conservació de la fauna i flora dels fons marins de les illes Medes, i el seu Pla d'Usos estableix l'obligatorietat de realitzar estudis científics de monitorització que guiïn i avalin l'adequació de la gestió.

Estado biológico de la pradera de Posidonia oceanica de las Islas Medas. Informe de 1995

Podeu consultar l'Informe complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/24663

Seguiment temporal de la gorgonia Paramuricea clavata de les Illes Medes. Exercici 1995

Podeu consultar l'Informe complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/24663

Seguiment temporal de la garota comuna Paracentrotus lividus en les Illes Medes. Exercici 1995

Podeu consultar l'Informe complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/24663

Avaluació de la població de llagostes (Palinurus elephas) de les Illes Medes. Exercici 1995

Podeu consultar l'Informe complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/24663

Impacte de la freqüentació dels escafandristes sobre les poblacions del briozou Pentapora fascialis a les Illes Medes: Seguiment 1992-1995

Podeu consultar l'Informe complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/24663

Avaluació de la població de corall Corallium rubrum de les Illes Medes. Any 1995

Podeu consultar l'Informe complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/24663

Biomassa aérea e produção primária do estrato herbáceo em campo de Elyonurus muticus submetido à queima anual, no Pantanal

O trabalho foi conduzido no Pantanal, em fitofisionomia de campo a savana, regionalmente denominada de caronal, pela dominância de Elyonurus muticus. Os objetivos foram avaliar o efeito da queima anual de caronal sobre a biomassa aérea acumulada, produção primária líquida da parte aérea (PPLA) do estrato herbáceo e cobertura do solo. Foram coletados dados mensais de biomassa aérea acumulada durante dois anos, em uma área com queima em set./95 e ago./96, e outra sem queima. A PPLA foi estimada através das diferenças de biomassa aérea viva coletada mensalmente. A queima reduziu a biomassa aérea acumulada em aproximadamente 36% no primeiro ano e 50% no segundo. Houve uma tendência de redução de biomassa acumulada com a repetição da queima. A PPLA do estrato herbáceo nas áreas sem queima e com queima foi 3.850 kg/ha e 4.980 kg/ha no primeiro ano, e 5.090 kg/ha e 2.880 kg/ha no segundo, respectivamente. A cobertura do solo 30 dias após a queima foi de aproximadamente 30%, e somente quatro a seis meses depois foi restabelecido o porcentual da área sem queima

Resposta do tifton 68 a doses de nitrogênio e a intervalos de cortes

Este trabalho foi conduzido no período de outubro de 1995 a outubro de 1997, na Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Leite, situada em Coronel Pacheco, MG. Foram avaliados cinco doses de N (0, 100, 200, 400 e 600 kg/ha/ano) e três intervalos de cortes do tifton 68 (duas, quatro e seis semanas, nas chuvas, e quatro, seis e oito semanas, na seca) sobre a produção de matéria seca e teores de proteína bruta. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas divididas, com três repetições. Nas parcelas foram alocados os intervalos de cortes e nas subparcelas as doses de N. A produção anual de matéria seca do tifton 68 cresceu com o aumento da dose de N até 400 kg/ha/ano e até o intervalo de cortes de seis semanas, nas chuvas, e oito semanas, na seca. A maior produção de matéria seca foi de 20,8 t/ha/ano, com 14,3 t/ha obtida na época das chuvas. A menor produção foi de 3,9 t/ha/ano, sendo 2,8 t/ha alcançada nas chuvas. O teor de proteína bruta aumentou com maiores doses de N, tanto nas chuvas quanto na seca, e com a redução do intervalo de cortes. O maior teor de proteína bruta obtido foi de 20,3%, e o menor foi de 5,2%.

Micro-Computer Based Linear Scheduling Application for Highway Construction Project Control, HR-339A, 1995

This report describes a new approach to the problem of scheduling highway construction type projects. The technique can accurately model linear activities and identify the controlling activity path on a linear schedule. Current scheduling practices are unable to accomplish these two tasks with any accuracy for linear activities, leaving planners and manager suspicious of the information they provide. Basic linear scheduling is not a new technique, and many attempts have been made to apply it to various types of work in the past. However, the technique has never been widely used because of the lack of an analytical approach to activity relationships and development of an analytical approach to determining controlling activities. The Linear Scheduling Model (LSM) developed in this report, completes the linear scheduling technique by adding to linear scheduling all of the analytical capabilities, including computer applications, present in CPM scheduling today. The LSM has tremendous potential, and will likely have a significant impact on the way linear construction is scheduled in the future.

Bentonite Treatment for Economical Dust Reduction on Limestone Surfaced Secondary Roads, HR-351, 1995

This research project was directed at laboratory and field evaluation of sodium montmorillonite clay (Bentonite) as a dust palliative for limestone surfaced secondary roads. It was postulated that the electrically charged surfaces (negative) of the clay particles could interact with the charged surfaces (positive) of the limestone and act as a bonding agent to agglomerate fine (-#200) particulates, and also to bond the fine particulates to larger (+#200) limestone particles. One mile test roads were constructed in Tama, Appanoose, and Hancock counties in Iowa using Bentonite treatment levels (by weight of aggregate) ranging from 3.0 to 12.0%. Construction was accomplished by adding dry Bentonite to the surfacing material and then dry road mixing. The soda ash/water solution (dispersing agent) was spray applied and the treated surfacing material wet mixed by motor graders to a consistency of 2 to 3 inch slump concrete. Two motor graders working in tandem provided rapid mixing. Following wet mixing the material was surface spread and compacted by local traffic. Quantitative and qualitative periodic evaluations and testing of the test roads was conducted with respect to dust generation, crust development, roughness, and braking characteristics. As the Bentonite treatment level increased dust generation decreased. From a cost/benefit standpoint, an optimum level of treatment is about 8% (by weight of aggregate). For roads with light traffic, one application at this treatment level resulted in a 60-70% average dust reduction in the first season, 40-50% in the second season, and 20-30% in the third season. Crust development was rated at two times better than untreated control sections. No discernible trend was evident with respect to roughness. There was no evident difference in any of the test sections with respect to braking distance and braking handling characteristics, under wet surface conditions compared to the control sections. Chloride treatments are more effective in dust reduction in the short term (3-4 months). Bentonite treatment is capable of dust reduction over the long term (2-3 seasons). Normal maintenance blading operations can be used on Bentonite treated areas. Soda ash dispersed Bentonite treatment is estimated to be more than twice as cost effective per percent dust reduction than conventional chloride treatments, with respect to time. However, the disadvantage is that there is not the initial dramatic reduction in dust generation as with the chloride treatment. Although dust is reduced significantly after treatment there is still dust being generated. Video evidence indicates that the dust cloud in the Bentonite treated sections does not rise as high, or spread as wide as the cloud in the untreated section. It also settles faster than the cloud in the untreated section. This is considered important for driving safety of following traffic, and for nuisance dust invasion of residences and residential areas. The Bentonite appears to be functioning as a bonding agent.

A Different Perspective for Investigation of PCC Pavement Deterioration, HR-2074, 1995

Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavement has served the State of Iowa well for many years. The oldest Iowa pavement was placed in LeMars in 1904. Beginning in 1931, many miles of PCC pavement were built to "get out of the mud". Many of these early pavements provided good performance without deterioration for more than 50 years. In the late 1950s, Iowa was faced with severe PCC pavement deterioration called D cracking. Research identified the cause of this deterioration as crushed limestone containing a bad pore system. Selective quarrying and ledge control has alleviated this problem. In 1990, cracking deterioration was identified on a three-year-old pavement on US 20 in central Iowa. The coarse aggregate was a crushed limestone with an excellent history of performance in PCC pavement. Examination of cores showed very few cracks through the coarse aggregate particles. The cracks were predominately confined to the matrix. The deterioration was identified as alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) by a consultant. To investigate the cause of the deterioration, the Iowa DOT and Iowa State University jointly purchased a high resolution, low vacuum Hitachi Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersion detector. Subsequent evaluation identified no concentration of silica gel (silicon-Si), but did identify substantial amounts of sulfur-S and aluminum-AL (assumed to be ettringite) in the air voids. Some of these voids have cracks radiating from them leading us to conclude that the ettringite filled voids were a center of pressure causing the crack. The ettringite in the voids, after being subjected to sodium chloride (NaCl), initially swells and then dissolves. This low vacuum SEM research of PCC pavement deterioration supports the following conclusions: (1) A low vacuum SEM and an energy dispersion detector are very important for proper evaluation of PCC pavement deterioration; (2) There are instances today where PCC pavement deterioration is mistakenly identified as ASR; (3) Ettringite initially expands when subjected to NaCl; and the ettringite filled voids are a center-of-pressure that cracks the PCC; and (4) The deterioration of some current premature PCC pavement distress locations is caused by factors related to the formation of excessive ettringite.

Freeze-Thaw Durability Testing of Oversanded Bridge Floor Concrete, MLR-95-5, 1995

Due to an equipment malfunction, too much sand was used in the concrete on the bridge floor placed on August 9, 1994, in Washington County, Project No. BRF-22-2(36)38-92. Freeze-thaw durability testing of cores taken from the concrete in question and the other two concretes not in question was performed. The experimental results indicate that the concrete in question is considered at least as durable and resistant to freeze-thaw damage as the concretes which are not in question. The concrete in question can be expected to function properly for the regular service life of the bridge.