Estimates of pandemic influenza vaccine effectiveness in Europe, 2009-2010: results of Influenza Monitoring Vaccine Effectiveness in Europe (I-MOVE) multicentre case-control study

A multicentre case-control study based on sentinel practitioner surveillance networks from seven European countries was undertaken to estimate the effectiveness of 2009-2010 pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccines against medically attended influenza-like illness (ILI) laboratory-confirmed as pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1).

The cultivation of Castanea sativa (Mill.) in Europe, from its origin to its diffusion on a continental scale

The history of Castanea sativa (sweet chestnut) cultivation since medieval times has been well described on the basis of the very rich documentation available. Far fewer attempts have been made to give a historical synthesis of the events that led to the cultivation of sweet chestnut in much earlier times. In this article we attempt to reconstruct this part of the European history of chestnut cultivation and its early diffusion by use of different sources of information, such as pollen studies, archaeology, history and literature. Using this multidisciplinary approach, we have tried to identify the roles of the Greek and Roman civilizations in the dissemination of chestnut cultivation on a European scale. In particular, we show that use of the chestnut for food was not the primary driving force behind the introduction of the tree into Europe by the Romans. Apart from the Insubrian Region in the north of the Italian peninsula, no other centre of chestnut cultivation existed in Europe during the Roman period. The Romans may have introduced the idea of systematically cultivating and using chestnut. In certain cases they introduced the species itself; however no evidence of systematic planting of chestnut exists. The greatest interest in the management of chestnut for fruit production most probably developed after the Roman period and can be associated with the socio-economic structures of medieval times. It was then that self-sufficient cultures based on the cultivation of chestnut as a source of subsistence were formed.

Commercial vehicle safety -- technology and practice in Europe.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Policy Planning, Office of International Program, Washington, D.C.

Development assistance strategies and emigration pressure in Europe and America /

Includes bibliographical references (p. [14]-16).

History of the rise and influence of the spirit of rationalism in Europe,

Mode of access: Internet.

Recovery in Europe,

Mode of access: Internet.

Postwar population transfers in Europe 1945-1955.

Mode of access: Internet.

Postwar population transfers in Europe 1945-1955.

Includes Bibliographical Notes.

The Polish peasant in Europe and America,

Mode of access: Internet.

The Polish peasant in Europe and America /

Mode of access: Internet.

The Polish peasant in Europe and America,

Mode of access: Internet.

Jewish vocational education; history and appraisal of training in Europe.

"The story of Jewish vocational education and occupational redistribution ... between the French Revolution and World War II."