Travail et fragilisation : L'organisation et le travail en question

Fragilisé dans son statut et dans son savoir, constamment exposé à une redéfinition de son travail, l'individu contemporain est de moins en moins en mesure de s'assurer de son identité sociale par une identité professionnelle, alors même que les exigences d'implication de soi dans son emploi sont de plus en plus élevées. Comment, en tant que société, ferons-nous face à ce cocktail explosif : d'une part, une extériorité croissante de l'individu à la mission qu'il remplit en tant qu'elle lui est de plus en plus étrangère; et d'autre part, l'exigence, déterminée par l'impératif de rentabilité, de son engagement total dans la réalisation de son travail dont il sait par ailleurs qu'il peut disparaître du jour au lendemain à la faveur d'une restructuration des processus de travail ou de licenciements économiques? Enorme question dans laquelle se joue, sans doute, une part décisive de notre avenir en tant que société : car si, demain, le travail cesse déjouer le rôle intégrateur qu'il a joué depuis la naissance de l'économie industrielle, qu'est-ce qui fera tenir ensemble les individus-travailleurs que nous sommes devenus ?Au travers d'une pluralité de regards disciplinaires allant de la psychologie du travail aux transformations de l'organisation du travail induites par la ©-entreprise en passant par la médecine du travail, la pédagogie, la sociologie des métiers, les contributions réunies ici explorent les mutations récentes advenues dans le travail - en tant qu'il constitue, aujourd'hui encore, le "fait social total ". Le souci commun en est d'interroger la place que le processus organisationnel le plus récent "ménage" à l'individu. Il en est aussi de sonder les stratégies élaborées par celui-ci pour s'y construire et s'y préserver malgré tout, malgré les casses. Sont ainsi offerts différents regards sur la difficulté de l'individu à se forger une place; à conquérir l'estime de soi et de ses semblables par son apport au procès de la production sociale, aussi incontournable qu'impossible. Le présent volume rassemble la majeure partie des contributions présentées dans le cadre d'un cycle de conférences mis sur pied par le Département interfacultaire d'éthique de l'Université de Lausanne et la Haute école de gestion de Neuchâtel au cours des années académiques 2000-2002.

Iowa Fisheries Research Technical Series No. 75-1 Variations in the abundance of channel catfish year classes in the upper Mississippi River and causative factors Don R. Helms, Fishery Research Biologist Fisheries Section Jerry M. Conley, Superintendent of Fisheries December, 1975

study of channel catfish in the Mississippi River to determine differences in year class abundance and causative factors

Developmental and Environmental Regulation of Aquaporin Gene Expression across Populus Species: Divergence or Redundancy?

Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane channels belonging to the major intrinsic proteins family and are known for their ability to facilitate water movement. While in Populus trichocarpa, AQP proteins form a large family encompassing fifty-five genes, most of the experimental work focused on a few genes or subfamilies. The current work was undertaken to develop a comprehensive picture of the whole AQP gene family in Populus species by delineating gene expression domain and distinguishing responsiveness to developmental and environmental cues. Since duplication events amplified the poplar AQP family, we addressed the question of expression redundancy between gene duplicates. On these purposes, we carried a meta-analysis of all publicly available Affymetrix experiments. Our in-silico strategy controlled for previously identified biases in cross-species transcriptomics, a necessary step for any comparative transcriptomics based on multispecies design chips. Three poplar AQPs were not supported by any expression data, even in a large collection of situations (abiotic and biotic constraints, temporal oscillations and mutants). The expression of 11 AQPs was never or poorly regulated whatever the wideness of their expression domain and their expression level. Our work highlighted that PtTIP1;4 was the most responsive gene of the AQP family. A high functional divergence between gene duplicates was detected across species and in response to tested cues, except for the root-expressed PtTIP2;3/PtTIP2;4 pair exhibiting 80% convergent responses. Our meta-analysis assessed key features of aquaporin expression which had remained hidden in single experiments, such as expression wideness, response specificity and genotype and environment interactions. By consolidating expression profiles using independent experimental series, we showed that the large expansion of AQP family in poplar was accompanied with a strong divergence of gene expression, even if some cases of functional redundancy could be suspected.

A erosividade das chuvas em Fortaleza (CE): II - correlação com o coeficiente de chuva e atualização do fator R no período de 1962 a 2000

A correlação entre o índice de erosividade EI30 e o coeficiente de chuva (Rc) no período de 1962 a 1981, em Fortaleza (CE), foi avaliada com o objetivo não só de analisar a viabilidade de utilização do Rc na atualização dos valores da erosividade no período de 1982 a 2000 nesse município, mas também de identificar uma equação que pudesse ser empregada para estimar a erosividade em outras localidades da zona litorânea do estado do Ceará onde não existem diagramas de pluviógrafos. Um alto coeficiente de correlação (r = 0,99**) foi encontrado entre os valores mensais do índice EI30 e o Rc. O melhor ajuste na regressão entre essas variáveis foi encontrado na equação EI30 = 73,989Rc0,7387. O emprego dessa equação permitiu atualizar o fator R em Fortaleza no período de 1962 a 2000, estendendo, dessa forma, a computação de dados de erosividade para uma série contínua de 39 anos. O fator R atualizado para essa série foi de 6.900 MJ mm (ha h ano)-1 , com 69,5 % desse valor anual distribuído nos meses de janeiro a abril. Este trabalho também forneceu informações úteis para planejar o controle da erosão e para estimar, com precisão razoável, a erosividade em outros locais do litoral cearense, desprovidos de diagramas de pluviógrafos.

Sistema d'adquisició de temperatures de 2 canals via R.F.

Poder mesurar i enregistrar diferents tipus de magnituds com pressió, força, temperatura etc. s’ha convertit en una necessitat per moltes aplicacions actuals. Aquestes magnituds poden tenir procedències molt diverses, tals com l’entorn, o poden ser generades per sistemes mecànics, elèctrics, etc. Per tal de poder adquirir aquestes magnituds, s’utilitzen els sistemes d’adquisició de dades. Aquests sistemes, prenen mostres analògiques del món real, i les transformen en dades digitals que poden ser manipulades per un sistema electrònic. Pràcticament qualsevol magnitud es pot mesurar utilitzant el sensor adient. Una magnitud molt utilitzada en sistemes d’adquisició de dades, és la temperatura. Els sistemes d’adquisició de temperatures estan molt generalitzats, i podem trobar-los com a sistemes, on l’objectiu és mostrar les dades adquirides, o podem trobar-los formant part de sistemes de control, aportant uns inputs necessaris per el seu correcte funcionament, garantir-ne l’estabilitat, seguretat etc. Aquest projecte, promogut per l’empresa Elausa, s’encarregarà d’adquirir, el senyal d’entrada de 2 Termoparells. Aquests mesuraran temperatures de circuits electrònics, que es trobaran dintre la càmera climàtica de Elausa, sotmesos a diferents condicions de temperatura, per tal de rebre l’homologació del circuit. El sistema haurà de poder mostrar les dades adquirides en temps real, i emmagatzemar-les en un PC que estarà ubicat en una oficina, situada a uns 30 m de distància de la sala on es farà el test. El sistema constarà d’un circuit electrònic que adquirirà, i condicionarà el senyal de sortida dels termoparells, per adaptar-lo a la tensió d’entrada d’un convertidor analògic digital, del microcontrolador integrat en aquesta placa. Seguidament aquesta informació, s’enviarà a través d’un mòdul transmissor de radiofreqüència, cap al PC on es visualitzaran les dades adquirides. Els objectius plantejats són els següents: - Dissenyar el circuit electrònic d’adquisició i condicionament del senyal. - Dissenyar, fabricar i muntar el circuit imprès de la placa d’adquisició. - Realitzar el programa de control del microcontrolador. - Realitzar el programa per presentar i desar les dades en un PC. - El sistema ha d’adquirir 2 temperatures, a través de Termoparells amb un rang d’entrada de -40ºC a +240ºC - S’ha de transmetre les dades via R.F. Els resultats del projecte han estat satisfactoris i s’han complert els objectius plantejats.

Ecological assembly rules in plant communities--approaches, patterns and prospects.

Understanding how communities of living organisms assemble has been a central question in ecology since the early days of the discipline. Disentangling the different processes involved in community assembly is not only interesting in itself but also crucial for an understanding of how communities will behave under future environmental scenarios. The traditional concept of assembly rules reflects the notion that species do not co-occur randomly but are restricted in their co-occurrence by interspecific competition. This concept can be redefined in a more general framework where the co-occurrence of species is a product of chance, historical patterns of speciation and migration, dispersal, abiotic environmental factors, and biotic interactions, with none of these processes being mutually exclusive. Here we present a survey and meta-analyses of 59 papers that compare observed patterns in plant communities with null models simulating random patterns of species assembly. According to the type of data under study and the different methods that are applied to detect community assembly, we distinguish four main types of approach in the published literature: species co-occurrence, niche limitation, guild proportionality and limiting similarity. Results from our meta-analyses suggest that non-random co-occurrence of plant species is not a widespread phenomenon. However, whether this finding reflects the individualistic nature of plant communities or is caused by methodological shortcomings associated with the studies considered cannot be discerned from the available metadata. We advocate that more thorough surveys be conducted using a set of standardized methods to test for the existence of assembly rules in data sets spanning larger biological and geographical scales than have been considered until now. We underpin this general advice with guidelines that should be considered in future assembly rules research. This will enable us to draw more accurate and general conclusions about the non-random aspect of assembly in plant communities.

Catalogue d'estampes anciennes... provenant de la collection de M. R. D. [Robert-Dumesnil] / [expert] Defer

[Vente. Estampes. 1856-03-11. Paris]